JP6723571B2 - 分離膜及びこれを含むリチウム−硫黄電池 - Google Patents
分離膜及びこれを含むリチウム−硫黄電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6723571B2 JP6723571B2 JP2018561974A JP2018561974A JP6723571B2 JP 6723571 B2 JP6723571 B2 JP 6723571B2 JP 2018561974 A JP2018561974 A JP 2018561974A JP 2018561974 A JP2018561974 A JP 2018561974A JP 6723571 B2 JP6723571 B2 JP 6723571B2
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- separation membrane
- coating layer
- graphene oxide
- sulfur
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- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical group [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BLBBMBKUUHYSMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N furan-2,3,4,5-tetrol Chemical compound OC=1OC(O)=C(O)C=1O BLBBMBKUUHYSMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
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- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ULYZAYCEDJDHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)Cl ULYZAYCEDJDHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011254 layer-forming composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sulfide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[S-2] GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;sulfane Chemical compound C.S YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SNMVRZFUUCLYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl chloride Chemical compound CCCCl SNMVRZFUUCLYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940078552 o-xylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001483 poly(ethyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003257 polycarbosilane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000120 polyethyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001709 polysilazane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
また、本発明の別の目的は、前記分離膜を備えて電池性能が向上されたリチウム−硫黄電池を提供することにある。
また、本発明は、前記リチウム−硫黄電池用分離膜を含むリチウム−硫黄電池を提供する。
図1は、リチウム−硫黄電池10を示す断面図で、負極1でリチウム金属を、正極3で硫黄を含み、これらの間に分離膜5が配置された構造を持つ。この時、電解質(未図示)は前記負極1と正極3の間に分離膜5が含浸された形態で存在する。
具体的に、本発明による分離膜5は、多孔性基材及びこれの一面または両面にコーティング層を形成する。前記コーティング層を多孔性基材の一面に形成する場合、コーティング層は負極1または正極3側のいずれにも位置することができ、本発明で特に限定しない。
一例として、酸化グラフェンと窒化ホウ素の結着及び多孔性基材に対する付着力を高めるために、バインダーをさらに含むことができる。
一つの方法として、溶媒に酸化グラフェンと窒化ホウ素を含むコーティング液を製造した後、これを多孔性基材の少なくとも一面にコーティングした後、乾燥する段層を経て行う。
さらに、本発明によるコーティング層は、リチウムデンドライトの成長を抑制するために強度をもっと増加したり、リチウムイオン伝達をより円滑にするために追加物質をさらに含む。追加できる組成としては、イオン伝導性高分子及びリチウム塩が使われてもよい。
前述したコーティング層を備えた分離膜5は、図1に図示したリチウム−硫黄電池に好ましく適用可能である。
正極は、正極集電体上に正極活物質が積層された形態を有する。
実施例1
(1)分離膜製造
多孔性基材として16μmのポリプロピレン(気孔度50%)フィルムを準備した。
酸化グラフェン水分散液(0.01重量%濃度、厚さ10nm、長さ5μm)と、窒化ホウ素水分散液(0.1mg/mL濃度、厚さ0.2〜0.5μm、長さ1〜3μm)を混合した後、超音波を8時間印加してコーティング液を製造した(酸化グラフェン:窒化ホウ素=1:9の重量比)。
電気伝導性を有している導電性炭素と硫黄を導電性炭素:硫黄の重量比(wt%)30:70(21g:49g)でボールミル工程を通して混合し、硫黄−炭素複合体を得た。正極活物質スラリー全体重量に対して、前記複合体を含む正極活物質70.0g、導電材としてSuper−P 20.0g、バインダーとしてポリフッ化ビニリデン10.0g及び溶媒としてN−メチル−2−ピロリドン500gの組成で正極活物質スラリーを製造した後、アルミニウム集電体上にコーティングして正極活性部を製造した。
前記正極とともに、負極で約40μmの厚さを有するリチウムホイルを使用し、電解液として1M濃度のLiN(CF3SO2)2が溶解されたジメトキシエタン:ジオキソラン(1:1の体積比)の混合液を使用し、前記分離膜を使用してリチウム−硫黄電池を製造した。
コーティング層を形成せずに、多孔性基材をそのまま分離膜で使ったことを除いて、前記実施例1と同様に行ってリチウム−硫黄電池を製造した。
コーティング層で酸化グラフェンを単独で使用したことを除いて、前記実施例1と同様に行ってリチウム−硫黄電池を製造した。
前記実施例及び比較例で製造されたリチウム−硫黄電池を0.3C/0.5C充電/放電で条件下で駆動し、初期充放電容量を測定し、200回サイクルを行って容量変化を確認した。
1:負極
3:正極
5:分離膜
Claims (8)
- 多孔性基材;及びこれの少なくとも一面に形成されたコーティング層を含み、
前記コーティング層は、酸化グラフェンと窒化ホウ素を含み、
前記コーティング層は、酸化グラフェン及び窒化ホウ素が1:4ないし1:10の重量比で混合されたことを特徴とするリチウム−硫黄電池用分離膜。 - 前記多孔性基材は、厚さが3ないし100μmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム−硫黄電池用分離膜。
- 前記多孔性基材は、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリアミド、ポリアセタール、ポリカーボネート、ポリイミド、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリフェニレンオキシド、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリエチレンナフタレン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリアクリロニトリル、セルロース、ナイロン、ポリパラフェニレンベンゾビスオキサゾール、及びポリアリレートからなる群から選択された1種以上の材質を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム−硫黄電池用分離膜。
- 前記コーティング層は、厚さが10nmないし100μmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム−硫黄電池用分離膜。
- 前記酸化グラフェンは、厚さが0.5ないし100nmで、長さが0.1ないし10μmであり、板状のシートまたはフレーク形状を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム−硫黄電池用分離膜。
- 前記窒化ホウ素は、厚さが0.05ないし2μmで、長さが0.1ないし10μmであり、板状のシートまたはフレーク形状を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム−硫黄電池用分離膜。
- 前記コーティング層は、バインダー、イオン伝導性高分子及びリチウム塩からなる群から選択された1種以上をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム−硫黄電池用分離膜。
- 請求項1ないし7のいずれか一項に記載の分離膜を含むことを特徴とするリチウム−硫黄電池。
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