JP6703606B2 - 化成処理性及び曲げ加工性に優れた超高強度鋼板及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
化成処理性及び曲げ加工性に優れた超高強度鋼板及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6703606B2 JP6703606B2 JP2018530850A JP2018530850A JP6703606B2 JP 6703606 B2 JP6703606 B2 JP 6703606B2 JP 2018530850 A JP2018530850 A JP 2018530850A JP 2018530850 A JP2018530850 A JP 2018530850A JP 6703606 B2 JP6703606 B2 JP 6703606B2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
- C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Description
上記Ti及びNは下記関係式1を満たし、上記Mn、Si及びCrは下記関係式2を満たし、表層(表面から厚さ方向に0.1μmまで)中のMn、Si及びCrの含量は下記関係式3を満たす、化成処理性及び曲げ加工性に優れた超高強度鋼板を提供する。
3.4≦Ti/N≦10
1.0≦Mn/(Si+Cr)
0.7≦Mn*/(Si*+Cr*)≦Mn/(Si+Cr)
上記維持するステップは、下記関係式5を満たす時間の間実施し、上記表層酸化物を除去するステップは、下記関係式6を満たす条件で実施することを特徴とする化成処理性及び曲げ加工性に優れた超高強度鋼板の製造方法を提供する。
100≦4729+71C+25Mn−16Si+117Cr−20.1T+0.0199T2≦300
(HCl濃度×HCl温度)/(1.33+Mn+7.4Si+0.8Cr)×(47+2.1Mn+13.9Si+4.3Cr)≧1
炭素(C)は、変態組織鋼の強度を確保するために重要な元素である。そのためには、Cを0.08%以上含むことが好ましく、含量が0.08%未満の場合、1GPa以上の引張強度を確保できないことがある。これに対して、0.2%を超えると、延性及び曲げ加工性が低下してプレス成形及びロール成形性が低下するだけでなく、スポット溶接性が劣位となるという問題がある。よって、本発明におけるCの含量は、0.08〜0.2%に制限することが好ましい。
シリコン(Si)は、鋼材の強度及び延伸率を同時に向上させる元素であり、オーステンパー時に炭化物の形成を抑制するという効果がある。上述した効果を十分に得るためには、Siを0.05%以上添加することが好ましい。含量が1.3%を超えると、焼鈍熱処理工程で酸化物が多量発生し、酸洗工程時の酸化物の除去が困難になることにより、化成処理性を著しく低下させて不良を起こすという問題がある。また、適正な二相分率の確保のために昇温させるべき焼鈍温度が高くなり、焼鈍加熱炉の負荷を招くという問題がある。よって、本発明におけるSiの含量は、0.05〜1.3%に制限することが好ましい。
マンガン(Mn)は、固溶強化効果が非常に大きい元素である。このようなMnの含量が2.0%未満の場合、本発明で目標とする強度の確保が難しい。これに対して、3.0%を超えると、溶接性が劣位となり、冷間圧延負荷が増大するなどの問題が生じる可能性が高くなる。また、多量の焼鈍酸化物が形成されて化成処理性が劣位となるという問題がある。よって、本発明におけるMnの含量は、2.0〜3.0%に制限することが好ましい。
リン(P)は、鋼を強化する効果のある元素である。Pの含量が0.001%未満の場合、上記の効果を確保できないことがあるだけでなく、製鋼工程でPを極小に制御する場合に製造コストの上昇を引き起こすため、好ましくない。これに対して、0.10%を超えると、プレス成形性が劣化し、鋼の脆性を生じさせることがあるため、好ましくない。よって、本発明におけるPの含量は、0.001〜0.10%に制限することが好ましい。
硫黄(S)は、鋼中の不純物元素であって、鋼の延性、曲げ加工性及び溶接性を阻害するため、その含量を最小限に抑えることが好ましい。Sの含量が0.010%を超える場合、上記の物性を阻害する可能性が高くなるため、0.010%以下に制限することが好ましい。
アルミニウム(Al)は、製鋼工程で鋼中の酸素と結合して脱酸作用を行い、Siと共に相変態時に炭素のオーステナイトへの分配を促進するのに有効な元素である。そのため、Alを0.01%以上添加することが好ましいが、0.1%を超えると、鋼スラブの表面品質を低下させ、製造コストが増加するという問題がある。よって、本発明におけるAlの含量は、0.01〜0.1%に制限することが好ましい。
クロム(Cr)は、鋼の硬化能を向上させ、高強度を確保するために添加する成分である。本発明においては、フェライトの変態を遅らせてベイナイトの形成を誘導するのに有効な元素である。Crの含量が0.3%未満の場合、上記の効果を確保することが難しい。これに対して、1.2%を超えると、上記の効果が飽和するだけでなく、熱延材の強度が過度に上昇して冷間圧延時の負荷が増大し、製造コストが大幅に増加する。また、焼鈍熱処理時に焼鈍酸化物を形成することにより、酸洗工程時の制御が容易でないため、化成処理性を大きく劣位にするという問題がある。よって、本発明におけるCrの含量は、0.3〜1.2%に制限することが好ましい。
ボロン(B)は、焼鈍中の冷却過程でオーステナイトがフェライトに変態することを抑制してベイナイト分率を増加させるのに有効な元素である。Bの含量が0.0010%未満の場合、上記の効果の確保が難しい。これに対して、0.0030%を超えると、Bの粒界偏析により上記の効果が飽和するだけでなく、焼鈍熱処理時に表面に濃化して化成処理性を劣位にするという問題がある。よって、本発明におけるBの含量は、0.0010〜0.0030%に制限することが好ましい。
チタン(Ti)は、強度の上昇と共に、鋼中に存在する窒素(N)のスカベンジングのために添加される元素である。Tiの含量が0.01%未満の場合、上記の効果の確保が難しい。これに対して、0.05%を超えると、その効果が飽和するだけでなく、連続鋳造工程でノズル閉塞などの工程欠陥を誘発する恐れがある。よって、本発明におけるTiの含量は、0.01〜0.05%に制限することが好ましい。
窒素(N)は、Cと共に代表的な侵入型固溶強化元素である。Nは、一般的に大気から混入する元素であるため、製鋼工程の脱ガス工程で制御されなければならない。上記Nの含量が0.001%未満の場合、過度な脱ガス処理が必要になり、製造コストの上昇を引き起こすという問題がある。これに対して、0.01%を超えると、AlN、TiNなどの析出物が過剰に形成されて高温延性を低下させるという問題がある。よって、本発明におけるNの含量は、0.001〜0.01%に制限することが好ましい。
3.4≦Ti/N≦10
(上記関係式1において、Ti及びNは各元素の重量含量を意味する。)
1.0≦Mn/(Si+Cr)
0.7≦Mn*/(Si*+Cr*)≦Mn/(Si+Cr)
(上記関係式2及び上記関係式3において、Mn、Si及びCrは各元素の重量含量を意味し、上記関係式3において、Mn*、Si*及びCr*はそれぞれ表面から厚さ方向に0.1μmまでのGDS成分分析値の平均値を意味する。)
ニオブ(Nb)は、代表的な析出強化元素であって、鋼の強度上昇及び結晶粒微細化のために添加される元素である。Nbの含量が0.01%未満の場合、上記の効果を十分に確保することが難しく、0.05%を超えると、製造コストを過度に上昇させるだけでなく、析出物が過剰に形成されて延性が著しく低下する恐れがある。よって、本発明においてNbを添加する場合、その含量は0.01〜0.05%に制限することが好ましい。
モリブデン(Mo)、バナジウム(V)及びタングステン(W)は、上記Nbに類似した役割を果たす元素であって、これらの含量がそれぞれ0.01%未満の場合、鋼の強度上昇及び結晶粒微細化効果を十分に確保することが難しい。これに対して、これらの含量がそれぞれ0.20%を超えると、強度効果に比べて製造コストが過度に上昇する恐れがある。よって、本発明においてMo、V又はWを添加する場合、その含量はそれぞれ0.01〜0.20%に制限することが好ましい。
0.01≦Nb+0.2(Mo+V+W)≦0.05
(上記関係式4において、Nb、Mo、V及びWは各元素の重量含量を意味する。)
100≦4729+71C+25Mn−16Si+117Cr−20.1T+0.0199T2≦300
(上記関係式5において、Mn、Si、Cr及びCは各元素の重量含量を意味し、上記関係式5において、Tは急冷停止温度(℃)を意味し、それから導出された値の単位は秒である。)
(HCl濃度×HCl温度)/(1.33+Mn+7.4Si+0.8Cr)×(47+2.1Mn+13.9Si+4.3Cr)≧1
(上記関係式6において、Mn、Si、Cr及びCは各元素の重量含量を意味する。)
引張試験は、JIS 5号試験片を用いて10mm/minの速度で評価した。
また、曲げ加工性は、圧延直角方向に試片を採取し、その後様々なR値を有する金型で90度曲げ試験を評価し、微細割れ発生の有無を肉眼で観察した。
また、上記表1において、比較鋼3、4、8及び9は、下記表2の製造条件が本発明を満たさないものであるため、上記表1においては比較鋼とする。)
また、YSは降伏強度、TSは引張強度、Elは延伸率、R/tは曲げ加工性を意味し、物性関係式は(引張強度(MPa)×延伸率(%))/(R/t)の値を示す。)
Claims (8)
- 重量%で、炭素(C):0.08〜0.2%、シリコン(Si):0.05〜1.3%、マンガン(Mn):2.0〜3.0%、リン(P):0.001〜0.10%、硫黄(S):0.010%以下、アルミニウム(Al):0.01〜0.1%、クロム(Cr):0.3〜1.2%、ボロン(B):0.0010〜0.0030%、チタン(Ti):0.01〜0.05%、窒素(N):0.001〜0.01%、残部Fe及びその他の不可避的不純物からなり、
前記Ti及びNは下記関係式1を満たし、前記Mn、Si及びCrは下記関係式2を満たし、表層(表面から厚さ方向に0.1μmまで)中のMn、Si及びCrの含量は下記関係式3を満たし、
微細組織として、面積分率30〜80%のベイナイト、20〜50%のマルテンサイト、5%未満の残留オーステナイト、及び残部フェライトを含む、化成処理性及び曲げ加工性に優れた超高強度鋼板。
[関係式1]
3.4≦Ti/N≦10
[関係式2]
1.0≦Mn/(Si+Cr)
[関係式3]
0.7≦Mn*/(Si*+Cr*)≦Mn/(Si+Cr)
(前記関係式1〜前記関係式3において、Ti、N、Mn、Si及びCrは各元素の重量含量を意味し、前記関係式3において、Mn*、Si*及びCr*はそれぞれ表面から厚さ方向に0.1μmまでのGDS成分分析値の平均値を意味する。) - 前記鋼板は、重量%で、ニオブ(Nb):0.01〜0.05%、モリブデン(Mo):0.01〜0.20%、バナジウム(V):0.01〜0.20%、及びタングステン(W):0.01〜0.20%の1種以上をさらに含み、下記関係式4を満たす、請求項1に記載の化成処理性及び曲げ加工性に優れた超高強度鋼板。
[関係式4]
0.01≦Nb+0.2(Mo+V+W)≦0.05
(前記関係式4において、Nb、Mo、V及びWは各元素の重量含量を意味する。) - 前記鋼板は、(引張強度(MPa)×延伸率(%))/(R/t)の値が5500以上である、請求項1に記載の化成処理性及び曲げ加工性に優れた超高強度鋼板。
- 前記鋼板は、冷延鋼板又は溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板である、請求項1に記載の化成処理性及び曲げ加工性に優れた超高強度鋼板。
- 重量%で、炭素(C):0.08〜0.2%、シリコン(Si):0.05〜1.3%、マンガン(Mn):2.0〜3.0%、リン(P):0.001〜0.10%、硫黄(S):0.010%以下、アルミニウム(Al):0.01〜0.1%、クロム(Cr):0.3〜1.2%、ボロン(B):0.0010〜0.0030%、チタン(Ti):0.01〜0.05%、窒素(N):0.001〜0.01%、残部Fe及びその他の不可避的不純物からなり、
前記Ti及びNは下記関係式1を満たし、前記Mn、Si及びCrは下記関係式2を満たす、鋼材を準備するステップと、
前記鋼材を熱間圧延及び冷間圧延して冷延鋼板を製造するステップと、
前記冷延鋼板を770〜850℃で焼鈍熱処理するステップと、
前記焼鈍熱処理された冷延鋼板をMs(マルテンサイト変態開始温度)〜Bs(ベイナイト変態開始温度)の範囲に急冷後に維持するステップと、
前記維持後、10〜50℃/minの速度で冷却するステップと、
前記冷却後、前記冷延鋼板の表層酸化物を除去するステップと、を含み、
前記維持ステップは、100秒以上300秒以下の維持時間の間実施し、前記表層酸化物除去ステップは、下記関係式6を満たす条件で実施し、
得られる鋼板は、微細組織として、面積分率30〜80%のベイナイト、20〜50%のマルテンサイト、5%未満の残留オーステナイト、及び残部フェライトを含み、
表層(表面から厚さ方向に0.1μmまで)中のMn、Si及びCrの含量は下記関係式3を満たす、化成処理性及び曲げ加工性に優れた超高強度鋼板の製造方法。
[関係式1]
3.4≦Ti/N≦10
[関係式2]
1.0≦Mn/(Si+Cr)
[関係式6]
(HCl濃度×HCl温度)/{(1.33+Mn+7.4Si+0.8Cr)×(47+2.1Mn+13.9Si+4.3Cr)}≧1
(前記関係式1、2及び6において、Ti、N、Mn、Si及びCrは各元素の重量含量を意味する。)
[関係式3]
0.7≦Mn * /(Si * +Cr * )≦Mn/(Si+Cr)
(前記関係式3において、Mn、Si及びCrは各元素の重量含量を意味し、Mn * 、Si * 及びCr * はそれぞれ表面から厚さ方向に0.1μmまでのGDS成分分析値の平均値を意味する。) - 前記鋼材は、重量%で、ニオブ(Nb):0.01〜0.05%、モリブデン(Mo):0.01〜0.20%、バナジウム(V):0.01〜0.20%、及びタングステン(W):0.01〜0.20%の1種以上をさらに含み、下記関係式4を満たす、請求項5に記載の化成処理性及び曲げ加工性に優れた超高強度鋼板の製造方法。
[関係式4]
0.01≦Nb+0.2(Mo+V+W)≦0.05
(前記関係式4において、Nb、Mo、V及びWは各元素の重量含量を意味する。) - 前記焼鈍熱処理ステップは、露点温度−35〜−50℃の条件で実施する、請求項5に記載の化成処理性及び曲げ加工性に優れた超高強度鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記急冷ステップは、100〜600℃/minの速度で実施する、請求項5に記載の化成処理性及び曲げ加工性に優れた超高強度鋼板の製造方法。
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