JP6702924B2 - 吸音テキスタイル複合材 - Google Patents
吸音テキスタイル複合材 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6702924B2 JP6702924B2 JP2017220139A JP2017220139A JP6702924B2 JP 6702924 B2 JP6702924 B2 JP 6702924B2 JP 2017220139 A JP2017220139 A JP 2017220139A JP 2017220139 A JP2017220139 A JP 2017220139A JP 6702924 B2 JP6702924 B2 JP 6702924B2
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- support layer
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Classifications
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Description
a)繊度が3dtex〜17dtexの粗短繊維および繊度が0.3dtex〜2.9dtexの微細短繊維を骨格繊維(Gerustfaser(uはウムラウト付))として含む、少なくとも1つの開孔性支持層、ならびに
b)微多孔性発泡層を含む、支持層上に配置された流層、
を含む吸音テキスタイル複合材によって解決され、
ただし、吸音テキスタイル複合材の流れ抵抗は、250Ns/m3〜5000Ns/m3である。
さらに好ましくは、バインダ繊維が、その結合成分が、250℃未満、さらに好ましくは70〜235℃、さらに好ましくは125〜225℃、特に好ましくは150〜225℃の融点を有する繊維である。
I.
a)少なくとも1つの脂肪族または芳香族の多価イソシアネート、
b)ジオール(そのうち、ジオール(b)の総量に対してb1)10〜100mol%は500〜5000の分子量を有し、ジオール(b)の総量に対してb2)0〜90mol%は60〜500g/molの分子量を有する)、
c)少なくとも1つのイソシアネート基または少なくとも1つのイソシアネート基反応性基を有する上に少なくとも1つの親水基または潜在性親水基を担持する(それにより、ポリウレタンの水分散性がもたらされる)、モノマー(a)、(b)とは異なるモノマーの、溶媒存在下でのポリウレタンへの変換、および
II.続いて行う、水中でのポリウレタンの分散によって行う。
適切なポリウレタンは、例えば、参照により本明細書に組み込まれている国際公開第2016/169752号パンフレットに記載されている。
a)繊度が3dtex〜17dtexの粗短繊維および繊度が0.3dtex〜2.9dtexの微細短繊維を骨格繊維として含む、少なくとも1つの開孔性支持層の準備および/または製造、
b)微多孔性発泡層を含む流層の準備および/または製造、
c)支持層上での流層の配置、
d)支持層と流層との結合
を含む、本発明による、250Ns/m3〜5000Ns/m3の流れ抵抗を有するテキスタイル複合材の製造方法である。
a’)繊度が3dtex〜17dtexの粗短繊維および繊度が0.3dtex〜2.9dtexの微細短繊維を骨格繊維として含む、少なくとも1つの開孔性支持層の準備および/または製造、
b’)流層が形成される、支持層上での微多孔性発泡層の形成、
を含む、本発明による、250Ns/m3〜5000Ns/m3の流れ抵抗を有するテキスタイル複合材の製造方法である。
1.7dtexで繊維長が38mmの微細PET短繊維、および繊度が3.3dtexで繊維長が64mmの粗PET短繊維、および4.4dtexで繊維長が51mmのPET/Co−PET二成分繊維からなる、目付け量が200g/m2で厚さが21mmの短繊維不織布を準備する。短繊維不織布は、熱結合同様にバインダ結合もされている。その短繊維不織布上に、目付け量が17g/m2、厚さが0.1mm、および平均孔径が11.1μmの微多孔性ポリウレタン発泡層を塗布する。
繊度が28dtexの粗PET短繊維、および10dtexのPET/Co−PET二成分繊維からなる、目付け量が300g/m2で厚さが20mmの短繊維不織布を準備する。その短繊維不織布上に、目付け量が17g/m2、厚さが0.1mm、および平均孔径が11.1μmの微多孔性ポリウレタン発泡層を塗布する。
65重量%が微細ポリプロピレンメルトブロー繊維および35重量%が粗PET短繊維からなる、目付け量が330g/m2で厚さが21mmの短繊維不織布を準備する。さらに、その短繊維不織布の片側上には、100重量%のポリプロピレンからなる被覆層が存在する。
0.6dtexの微細PET短繊維50重量%、および繊度が4.4dtexの粗PET短繊維50重量%からなる、目付け量が200g/m2で厚さが10mmの短繊維不織布を準備する。
0.6dtexの微細PET短繊維80重量%、および繊度が4.4dtexの粗PET短繊維20重量%からなる、目付け量が200g/m2で厚さが10mmの短繊維不織布を準備する。
例1は、自動車産業にとって重要な、800Hz〜2000Hzの周波数範囲において抜群の吸音特性を示すことが分かる。1000Hzでは、50%の吸音率が達成され、これは驚くべきことに高い。つまり、比較例2の場合、1000Hzにおいて単に24%という値が測定され、比較例3の場合、1000Hzにおいて25%という値しか測定されなかった。全体として、およそ800Hz〜2500Hzの周波数範囲において、本発明によるテキスタイル複合材では、例1の目付け量は比較例2および3と比べて低いにもかかわらず、驚くべきことに高い吸音率が認められる。
ISO 9073−1に準拠、ただし測定サンプルの面積は100mmx100mmである。
DIN EN ISO 9073−2、方法BおよびCに準拠。
DIN 53810(紡糸繊維の繊度−用語および測定原理)に準拠して、顕微鏡、および繊維径を算出するための対応するソフトウェアを使用。全部で>20本の単一繊維から4つの顕微鏡標本を準備する。顕微鏡標本ごとに、はさみでおよそ2〜3mmの長さに繊維をカットして、解剖針を使ってスライドグラス上に載せる。続いて、対応するソフトウェアを利用して、繊維径をμmで算出して平均を出す。繊維径の平均値は、続いて、次の数式を手がかりに繊維繊度Ttに換算できる。
微多孔性発泡層の孔径分布は、ASTM E 1294(1989)に準拠して測定する。
試験データ:
試験装置:PMI.01.01
試験片数:3
試験片サイズ:直径21mm
試験片厚さ:1mm
試験液:Galden HT230
作用時間:>1分
試験温度:22℃
既存の繊維サンプルから10個の繊維束を選択し、10個の繊維束のそれぞれから、ピンセットを使って単一繊維を取り出し、繊維の一方の自由端を2つの留め金のうちの1つに固定し、第2の繊維端を残りの留め金に固定することにより、10本の単一繊維の繊維長を算出する。ハンドル車を回して、繊維をまっすぐになるまで伸ばす。繊維の長さは、測定装置のスケールから読み取り、mmでメモする。記録したすべての結果の平均値が短繊維長を示す。
DIN EN ISO 11357−3、示差走査熱量分析(DSC)−第3部:融点および結晶化温度ならびに融解エンタルピーおよび結晶化エンタルピーの測定に準拠、ただし、加熱速度は、10K/分を用いる。
DIN 53885(テキスタイルおよびテキスタイル製品の圧縮性の測定)に準拠し、ただし、圧縮性の測定は、規格で記載される装置とは異なる試験装置を用いて行う。つまり、寸法が100mmx100mmの測定サンプル、長さスケールがmmの測定ボード、寸法が120mmx120mmの金属板、および直径が55mmで質量が1キログラムのシリンダ形状のおもりを準備する。
DIN EN ISO 1856(軟弾性高分子発泡体−圧縮永久ひずみの測定)に準拠。測定装置としては、章「圧縮性の測定」ですでに記載したのと同じ構成を利用する。復元能力の測定では、一定時間にわたる、一定温度での圧縮ひずみおよび指定した回復時間の後に、材料の初期厚さと最終厚さとの差異を算出する。
繊維に対する空気の体積比は、材料がどれだけ多孔性であるかの情報を与える。つまり、繊維と比べて空気の分率が高い場合、材料は、高い多孔性を有すると前提できる。体積比、V空気対V繊維は、次のように算出できる。それには、次の数式を手がかりに、まず試験片の体積を計算する。
試験片の体積を算定した後に、次のステップにおいて、不織布中に含有されている繊維の体積を、次の数式を手がかりに算出する。
DIN EN 29053、方法A(空気正流法)に準拠、ただし、サンプル有効径は100mmであり、空気圧は1000mbarに相応する。
DIN EN ISO 10534−1、第1部:定在波比による方法(ISO 10534−1:2001−10)に準拠、ただし、管長Aは100cmおよび管断面Aは77cm2に相応し、管長Bは30cmおよび管断面Bは6.6m2である。テキスタイル複合材および支持層の試験片を、直接に残響壁(schallharte Wand)に当てがって測定する。流層は、残響壁に対して20mmの距離で測定する。
Claims (13)
- a)繊度が3dtex〜17dtexの粗短繊維および繊度が0.3dtex〜2.9dtexの微細短繊維を骨格繊維として含む、少なくとも1つの開孔性支持層、ならびに
b)1μm〜30μmの範囲にある平均孔径を有する微多孔性発泡層を含む、前記開孔性支持層上に配置された流層、
を含む、
250Ns/m3〜5000Ns/m3の流れ抵抗を有する吸音テキスタイル複合材。 - 前記吸音テキスタイル複合材の圧縮率が、70%〜100%、および/または、
前記吸音テキスタイル複合材の復元能力が、70%〜100%であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材。 - 前記開孔性支持層が不織布であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材。
- 前記開孔性支持層が、少なくとも部分的に溶融したバインダ繊維をさらなる繊維として含有することを特徴とする、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材。
- 前記開孔性支持層が、前記粗短繊維を、前記開孔性支持層の総重量に対して、5重量%〜90重量%の分率で含有することを特徴とする、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材。
- 前記開孔性支持層が、前記微細短繊維を、前記開孔性支持層の総重量に対して、10重量%〜90重量%の分率で含有することを特徴とする、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材。
- 前記骨格繊維として使用される微細短繊維および粗短繊維が、互いに独立に、20mm〜80mmの短繊維長を有することを特徴とする、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材。
- 前記開孔性支持層がバインダ結合されており、バインダとして、ポリアクリレート、ポリスチレン、エチレンポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリウレタン、ならびにそれらの混合物およびコポリマーを使用することを特徴とする、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材。
- 前記開孔性支持層が、50:1〜250:1という空気の、繊維に対する体積比を有することを特徴とする、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材。
- 前記吸音テキスタイル複合材の目付け量が、50g/m2〜350g/m2であることを特徴とする、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材。
- 前記吸音テキスタイル複合材の厚さが、5mm〜35mmであることを特徴とする、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材。
- 次のステップ
a)繊度が3dtex〜17dtexの粗短繊維および繊度が0.3dtex〜2.9dtexの微細短繊維を骨格繊維として含む、少なくとも1つの開孔性支持層の準備および/または製造、
b)1μm〜30μmの範囲にある平均孔径を有する微多孔性発泡層を含む流層の準備および/または製造、
c)前記開孔性支持層上での流層の配置、
d)前記開孔性支持層と流層との結合、
を含む、および/または
次のステップ
a’)繊度が3dtex〜17dtexの粗短繊維および繊度が0.3dtex〜2.9dtexの微細短繊維を骨格繊維として含む、少なくとも1つの開孔性支持層の準備および/または製造、
b’)流層が形成される、前記開孔性支持層上での、1μm〜30μmの範囲にある平均孔径を有する微多孔性発泡層の形成、
を含む、
250Ns/m3〜5000Ns/m3の流れ抵抗を有する吸音テキスタイル複合材の製造方法。 - 自動車部門における吸音を目的とした、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の吸音テキスタイル複合材の使用。
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