CN101351328B - 多孔膜 - Google Patents

多孔膜 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN101351328B
CN101351328B CN2006800498947A CN200680049894A CN101351328B CN 101351328 B CN101351328 B CN 101351328B CN 2006800498947 A CN2006800498947 A CN 2006800498947A CN 200680049894 A CN200680049894 A CN 200680049894A CN 101351328 B CN101351328 B CN 101351328B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
film
sheet material
net
littler
flow resistance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN2006800498947A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN101351328A (zh
Inventor
戴维·A·奥尔森
杰拉尔德·L·范达姆
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Innovative Properties Co
Original Assignee
3M Innovative Properties Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 3M Innovative Properties Co filed Critical 3M Innovative Properties Co
Publication of CN101351328A publication Critical patent/CN101351328A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN101351328B publication Critical patent/CN101351328B/zh
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B1/8409—Sound-absorbing elements sheet-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/08—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • G10K11/168—Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
    • B32B2262/0284—Polyethylene terephthalate [PET] or polybutylene terephthalate [PBT]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0292—Polyurethane fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/12—Conjugate fibres, e.g. core/sheath or side-by-side
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/14—Mixture of at least two fibres made of different materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/06—Open cell foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B32B2307/102—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种新型隔音片材，所述隔音片材包括位于层状组件中的a)主吸声片，和b)致密多孔膜，所述致密多孔膜的i)气流阻力为约5000瑞利或更小，并且ii)如本文中规定的声值比为至少3000。所述膜的厚度优选为约200微米或更小，更优选为约150微米或更小。此外，声值比优选为至少7,000。也可以单独使用所述膜以使空间隔音，例如，通过在气隙上方和对来自噪音源的噪音进行衰减的位置中以平面阵列方式安装所述膜。

Description

多孔膜
技术领域
本发明涉及用于隔音并经常与另一种通常更厚的隔音网结合使用的薄多孔薄膜。
背景技术
最好采用相对较厚的主纤维片和较薄的副片或膜(术语“膜”在本文中指薄片)的组合完成一些隔音工作。主片与膜的组合比主片本身的降噪效果更好；例如，在较低的频率范围内，包含膜往往能够增强降噪能力。此外，该膜可以为主片提供物理保护。
也可以单独使用膜，并以平面阵列形式安装在气体空间上(即，薄膜在气体空间或气隙上的平面或曲面内延伸)。当该膜设置在需降噪的室内或其它封闭空间内并且在该膜后有适当厚度的气隙时，它在该封闭空间内起到吸声作用。
例如，在授予Thorn等人的美国专利No.6,376,396中描述了较厚的主隔音片和膜状副片的复合隔音材料，该专利教导将经过两个连续操作所压实的非织造纤维网作为膜状片，其中，第一阶段为机械压制(例如针刺法或水刺法)，第二阶段为利用压板或压延机并通过加热和加压的方式压实。据说第二阶段的压实可以增强吸声能力。
另一种现有技术教导是Tilton的美国专利申请公布No.US2004/0002274A1，该美国专利申请公布教导了建筑物护墙板、天花板瓷砖或类似建筑构件，其中用聚酯纤维的致密饰面层代替以前用来包覆建筑构件外部的装饰织物。该致密饰面层印有美观的图形或其它标记，据说可降低成本并且还改善了隔音性能。
还可参见授予Vanbemmel等人的美国专利No.6,720,068，该美国专利的重点在于可作为汽车吸声隔音材料使用的多层产品或层压制品。认识到所需的隔音材料应当价廉、质薄且量轻，该专利所描述的产品包括涂有极薄微纤维层的背衬层，即：开孔泡沫或稍为压实的非织造纤维网(col.2，ll.7-9)。该微纤维涂层“的厚度仅为0.2至1.0mm，具体地讲为0.3至0.7mm；每单位面积的重量为20至200g/m2，具体地讲为30至100g/m2”(col.1，ll.62-64)。Vanbemmel发明的层压制品专利中没有具体实例或类似说明。
另一种商用形式的隔音材料采用膜状片，该膜状片包括多层片材，例如利用热和压力进行点粘合并与主隔音片结合装配的纺粘-熔喷-纺粘(SMS)层压制品。
每种所述现有隔音复合材料的缺点是：为了使复合材料具有所需的隔音水平，膜状副片需足够厚并且足够重，从而给整个隔音包装增加了不必要的成本和重量。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种新型的膜，与现有的膜相比，这种膜成本较低并且往往构造更简单，同时可提供至少相同的隔音性能。优选的膜包括高度致密的非织造纤维网，例如通过将非织造原始片材材料压制至非常薄的厚度(优选地小于200微米)而制成的网。这些新型膜虽然致密，但却保留了对减音有效的孔隙度；一般来说，孔隙度足以使膜的气流阻力比不超过约10,000瑞利，并且对于更广泛的实用性，为不超过约5000瑞利(业内一般把“气流阻力比”简称为“气流阻力”，并且本文将遵循此惯例；同一性能有时也被称为“声阻”，例如当重点在隔音时；本文随后描述的同一测试程序同时用于测量气流阻力和声阻；本文以mks制中的瑞利为单位报告所测量的性能；业内使用的其它单位包括Ns/m3和Pa·s/m)。
我们发现，可通过将密度、厚度和孔隙度的特征总结为新的关系来定义可用的膜，此新关系被称为声值比(Acoustic Value Ratio)，其涉及固体度(表示膜体积中膜固体组分所占比例的无量纲分数)、以瑞利为单位的孔隙度(即，气流阻力或声阻)和膜的厚度，如下所述：
Figure GSB00000345012400031
我们发现，声值比(AVR)为至少3000的多孔膜可获得高质量的隔音性能，而整个隔音材料成本和重量增加极少。优选地，声值比为至少7,000。此外，膜的厚度优选地不超过约150微米；换句话讲，非常薄的膜既可用又可取。
所述的膜可与主吸声片一起用于层状组件，以制成效果惊人的隔音材料。除了在复合隔音材料中的用途以外，当所述膜以平面阵列形式排列并且膜后具有气隙或气体空间时，膜本身可提供声音衰减的功能。
因此，本发明提供一种隔音片材，所述隔音片材包括位于层状组件中的a)主吸声片，和b)致密多孔膜，所述致密多孔膜的i)气流阻力为约10,000瑞利或更小，并且ii)采用下述公式定义的声值比为至少3000，所述公式为：
Figure GSB00000345012400032
本发明还提供一种空间隔音方法，所述空间隔音方法包括：在气隙上方和对来自噪音源的噪音进行衰减的位置中以平面阵列方式安装本发明上述致密多孔自承膜，所述致密多孔自承膜的气流阻力为约5000瑞利或更小，声值比为至少3000。
附图说明
图1-9为吸声系数与本发明和比较网的代表性膜的频率之间的关系的曲线图。
具体实施方式
纤维网优选作为制备本发明膜的原始片材。可以使用多种常规熟知形式的纤维网中的任一种纤维网，包括纺粘网(通常包括熔纺纤维，其中以随机的各向同性的方式将该熔纺纤维冷却、拉伸、收集在成型表面上并成为松散的缠卷的网，然后通过压延或通风粘合的方式进行粘合)、熔喷纤维网(通过将熔融热塑性聚合物穿过模具里的一排孔挤出成为高速气流而形成，其中挤出的聚合物流一般衰减成直径细小的纤维-平均直径经常为10微米或更少-并被携带至将纤维收集成粘在一起的缠卷网的收集器)、射流喷网(通常为已经过水刺的干纺纤维网)、梳理或气纺的人造短纤维网、机织纤维网、湿纺纤维网以及这些网的组合。这些网通常呈自持形式，但也可以是相当松散的并且只在用于制备本发明的膜的纤维压实过程中变成自持形式。
本发明的膜也可由其它多孔片材(例如开孔泡沫或网眼织物)制备。一般来讲，任何多孔热塑性片材都可以用作制备本发明的膜的原始片材的候选物。
一般来讲，用于本发明的原始片材通常应该可通过加热而软化。通常可使用能形成纤维或其它可用纤维网形式的任何热塑性聚合物材料。最典型地，所选聚合物是那些常用于形成纤维的聚合物，例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、尼龙和聚氨酯。弹性材料是可用的，并提供顺应性、柔韧性和可塑性的优点。可以使用多种材料的共混物，包括已经混入添加剂(例如颜料或染料)的聚合物与聚合物材料的共混物。原始片材也可包括双组分纤维，例如皮芯型或并列型双组分纤维(本文中的“双组分”包括具有两种或更多组分的纤维)。
不同的材料(例如，不同材料的纤维)可以组合以制备混合网。例如，可按美国专利No.4,118,531中教导的方式将人造短纤维混入熔喷纤维中；或者按美国专利No.3,971,373中教导的方式将颗粒材料引入并捕获在网中；或者将美国专利No.4,813,948中教导的微网混入网中。也可以使用由热塑性纤维和其它纤维(例如木浆纤维)混合而成的网，尽管非热塑性材料的引入通常是不太可取的。
虽然可用包括单个整体层的网有利地实施本发明，但是用于本发明的原始片材也可包括一个以上的层。例如，可以使用SMS(纺粘/熔喷/纺粘)网，也可以使用掺混其它纤维层的网(例如，根据层中使用的纤维的直径的不同而不同的层)，从而提供纤维直径或孔隙度的等级。
本发明的膜通常是在加热和加压条件下用压延机压实原始片材制成。可使用熟知的压延工序。通常压延机的轧辊是表面光滑的，但是可使用带有小凸点的轧辊，例如，以实现网或片材的点结合。用足够的热量和压力来压缩片材以使片材变形和/或熔化，但是应避免引起片材流动以致完全堵塞孔的加热条件。可通过拉伸或加热片材以重新打开过于封闭的开口或扩大过于窄小的开口。
可以通过调节压延后留在膜内的孔隙的程度，来把本发明的膜调整为更好地衰减具体的频率范围。例如，气流阻力为5000-6000瑞利的膜最适合衰减频率为400-1000赫兹的声音。为了在更宽和更高的频率范围内更有效，压延或压实的膜的孔隙度的气流阻力最好小于约2000瑞利，或甚至约1000瑞利或更小。
由于薄，本发明的膜通常也具有较低的基重，即优选地约100克/平方米或者更低，且更优选地约50克/平方米或者更低。选择原材料的主要标准是为了实现成品膜的良好连续性或均匀性。通常，是否能够获得良好的膜性能，与原始片材中纤维的直径无关。然而，微纤维网具有优点，例如其中微纤维的直径平均为10微米或更小的原材料网，这些网通常是熔喷纤维网。利用实际目测直径以及扫描电子显微图(SEM)，可以确定纤维直径。另一种纤维直径的量度是根据美国专利No.5,298,694(col.2，lines35-43和col.12，lines 33-39)中所描述的工序测量的“有效纤维直径”(EFD)。为简化说明，本文实例中采用EFD测量法。本发明的优点是可以使用低成本原材料获得可用的膜性能。
在带有本发明膜的层状组件中使用的主吸声片一般可以是已知隔音片材中的任一种，优选地包括其中混有微纤维和卷曲人造短纤维的网，例如在美国专利No.5,298,694中所教导的网。其它有用的吸声片材包括开孔泡沫。
一般来讲，本发明产品作为独立的膜或包括膜的层状组件和主吸声片的薄片商品进行销售。然而，本发明产品也可以其它方式进行销售，例如加工成适合具体应用的形状的膜和主吸声片的模制品。
测试步骤
定义本发明的网并测量其性能的测试如下：
标本固体度通过将标本(通常为纤维网)的体密度除以组成该标本的材料(网)的密度来确定。网标本的体密度通过首先测量一块10cm×10cm的网的重量和厚度来确定。标本的厚度是按照ASTM D 5729标准测试方法中的规定进行估算，通过使用质量为150克的物体在每个样品的面上施加0.4213lb/in2(2.9kPa/m2)的压力进行校正。当样品的尺寸被限制为小于ASTM D 5729中所建议的尺寸时，压脚上的质量成比例地减少，以维持0.4213lb/in2(2.9kPa/m2)的加载力。首先在22+/-5℃的温度下以及在相对湿度为50％+/-5％的大气中对标本进行预处理。将标本重量(单位为克)除以样品面积(单位为平方厘米)得出标本的基重，该基重报告为g/m2。网的体密度是通过将基重除以标本的厚度来测定并报告为g/m3。固体度是一个表示给定标本中固体含量比例的无量纲分数，通过将标本的体密度除以组成标本的材料的密度计算得出的。(如果供应商没有明确说明材料的密度，则可以通过方法测量得出聚合物的密度)。
气流阻力是按照ASTM C 522标准测试方法中的规定进行估算。单位气流阻力的值r报告为mks制的瑞利(Pa·s/m)。样品是通过用模具切割直径为5.25英寸(13.33cm)的圆形样品制成。如果由于模具切割操作而使边缘轻微压缩，那么测试前必须使边缘恢复到原有或正常厚度。将预处理过的样品置于标本夹具中，然后在100cm2的正面面积上测量压差。
声学材料的吸声是通过ASTM designation E 1050-98中描述的、名称为“Impedance and Absorption Using A Tube，Two Microphones and A Digital Frequency Analysis System”的测试方法来确定。使用直径为29毫米的管子对预处理过的样品进行测试。报告160至6300赫兹的1/3倍频带吸声系数。对于实例9-11，使用直径为63毫米的管子对样品进行测试。报告100至3150赫兹的1/3倍频带吸声系数。
实例1-8
如表1至表3和图1至图8的数据曲线图所总结的，制备和测试本发明的各种膜。实例中每种膜的原始片材如下：
-对于实例1，纺粘尼龙网(由Western Nonwovens供应的#G066380)。
-对于实例2，纺粘聚丙烯网(由BBA Nonwovens供应的#83149006-01)。
-对于实例3，纺粘PET网(由BBA Nonwovens供应的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-Reemay Fabric)。
-对于实例4，含有平均直径(EFD)为8微米的纤维的熔喷聚丙烯网；微纤维的实际平均直径小于约10微米。
-对于实例5，具有平均直径(EFD)为20微米的熔喷聚氨酯纤维网。
-对于实例6，含有65重量百分比的平均直径(EFD)为8微米的熔喷聚丙烯纤维与35重量百分比的Veratec“Easy Street”棉制短纤维的复合纤维网。
-对于实例7，纺丝网，其含有95重量百分比的Kurraray W1023.4-但尼尔的可分裂复合纤维(每种纤维含有约50％的PET和50％的尼龙)和5重量百分比的KoSa Type-2542-但尼尔的卷曲“熔融性”双组分纤维。
-对于实例8，梳理网，其含有由Fiber Vision供应的Type 1961.9-但尼尔、1.5英寸长的聚丙烯纤维。
在表2所总结的条件下，将所述原始片材在两个光滑辊之间进行压延。
分别对本发明的成品膜和原始片材单独进行测试，并对结合有通常不用于隔音的较厚梳理网片材(20mm厚)的膜进行测试，以示出通过将这种片材与本发明膜结合所获得的改进(较厚的网是85重量百分比的2-但尼尔的卷曲短纤维和15重量百分比的2-但尼尔的卷曲“熔融性”双组分纤维以及以7g/m2重量施加的胶乳粘合剂的共混物)。表1和表3分别给出了原始片材和成品膜的气流阻力及网固体度的结果。
图1至8给出了对于各种测试样品的吸声测量。在这些图中，在横坐标上绘出频率(单位为赫兹)，在纵坐标上绘出吸声系数。图1给出了实例1的测试网的数据，图2给出了实例2的数据，以此类推，直至图8给出了实例8的数据。在图1至8的每幅图中，曲线A代表用20毫米气隙测量的薄片原材料；曲线B代表用20毫米气隙测量的本发明的压延膜；曲线C代表本发明的压延膜与上述20毫米的较厚网的层状组件。在图1中，曲线D表示较厚网自身的数据。图8中没有曲线A，因为没有对该实例的未压延原始片材进行吸声测量。
实例9至实例11
实例9至实例11是由聚丙烯SMS(纺粘/熔喷/纺粘网)制备的，该聚丙烯SMS的基重为17克/平方米(0.5oz/yd2)，由First Quality Nonwovens(FQN)以SM1700008供应。利用表2中所列出的实例9至实例11中每个实例的不同条件，将所述网在两个光滑钢辊之间进行压延。对原始片材和成品膜进行测量和测试，并将结果列于表1和3中。对结合有可用的隔音片材(由3M提供的ThinsulateTM隔声材料(下文中简称TAI)，在美国专利No.5,298,694中有所描述)的测试膜进行吸声测量，该隔音片材包括55重量百分比的熔喷纤维和35重量百分比的卷曲短纤维。为了进一步比较，对层状组件进行吸声测量(比较实例C1)，该层状组件包括称重为51克/平方米的商用网(可购自Kimberly Clark的SM150的聚丙烯SMS网)和由3M供应的隔音片材(TAI)。表1示出了比较实例C1的SMS网以及TAI网的进一步说明。图9示出了吸声测量，其中曲线A代表单独的TAI网；曲线B代表未压延的原始片材与TAI网的层状组件；曲线C代表实例11的成品压延膜与TAI网的层状组件；曲线D代表比较实例C1。
检查测试结果时注意到，为了在宽的频谱上进行改进，尤其通过实例2、实例3和实例8以及实例9至实例11所示，成品膜的气流阻力为小于1500瑞利，甚至小于1000瑞利，这就提出了这种宽频谱改进所需的气流阻力范围。从另一观点来看，实例2、实例3和实例8中膜的重量小于50g/m2，实例9至实例11中膜的重量小于20g/m2，并且厚度小于100微米，在五个实例中小于50微米；声值比为7,000或更高，并且在几个实例中为10,000或更高。
表1
Figure GSB00000345012400091
表2
Figure GSB00000345012400092
Figure GSB00000345012400101
表3
Figure GSB00000345012400102

Claims (11)

1.一种隔音片材，所述隔音片材包括位于层状组件中的a)主吸声片，和b)致密多孔膜，所述致密多孔膜的i)气流阻力为10,000瑞利或更小，并且ii)采用下述公式定义的声值比为至少3000，所述公式为：
Figure FSB00000345012300011
2.根据权利要求1所述的片材，其中，所述膜的厚度为200微米或更小。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的片材，其中，所述膜的气流阻力为5000瑞利或更小。
4.根据权利要求1所述的片材，其中，所述膜的厚度为150微米或更少。
5.根据权利要求1、2和4中任一项所述的片材，其中，所述膜的声值比为至少10,000。
6.根据权利要求1、2和4中任一项所述的片材，其中，所述膜的气流阻力为2000瑞利或更小。
7.一种空间隔音方法，包括：在气隙上方和对来自噪音源的噪音进行衰减的位置中以平面阵列方式安装如权利要求1所述的致密多孔膜。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述膜的厚度为150微米或更小。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其中，所述膜的声值比为至少7,000。
10.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，还包括在带有所述膜的层状组件中安装更膨松的非织造纤维片材的步骤。
11.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述膜的气流阻力为5000瑞利或更小。
CN2006800498947A 2005-12-29 2006-12-20 多孔膜 Expired - Fee Related CN101351328B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/321,189 US7686132B2 (en) 2005-12-29 2005-12-29 Porous membrane
US11/321,189 2005-12-29
PCT/US2006/048648 WO2007078966A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2006-12-20 Porous membrane

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN101351328A CN101351328A (zh) 2009-01-21
CN101351328B true CN101351328B (zh) 2011-04-06

Family

ID=38223216

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN2006800498947A Expired - Fee Related CN101351328B (zh) 2005-12-29 2006-12-20 多孔膜

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US7686132B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1968789B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP5586851B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR101408581B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN101351328B (zh)
BR (1) BRPI0621145A2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2635536A1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2008126455A (zh)
WO (1) WO2007078966A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100196686A1 (en) * 2007-07-30 2010-08-05 Van Dam Gerald L Porous facing material, acoustically attenuating composite, and methods of making and using the same
US20090173570A1 (en) * 2007-12-20 2009-07-09 Levit Natalia V Acoustically absorbent ceiling tile having barrier facing with diffuse reflectance
US8403108B2 (en) * 2009-06-12 2013-03-26 Precision Fabrics Group, Inc. Acoustically tunable sound absorption articles and methods of making same
WO2010144798A2 (en) * 2009-06-12 2010-12-16 Precision Fabrics Group, Inc. Acoustically tunable sound absorption articles and methods of making same
US8439161B2 (en) * 2009-06-12 2013-05-14 Precision Fabrics Group, Inc. Acoustically tunable sound absorption articles
AU2009206197B2 (en) * 2009-08-07 2012-11-29 Megasorber Pty Ltd Non-combustible sound-absorbing facing
CN102237079A (zh) * 2010-05-06 2011-11-09 财团法人工业技术研究院 具有隔音隔震结构的单元、阵列结构及其二者的制造方法
GB2483266B (en) * 2010-09-01 2013-03-06 Echo Barrier Ltd Sound absorbent barrier
WO2016051527A1 (ja) * 2014-09-30 2016-04-07 コンパニー ゼネラール デ エタブリッスマン ミシュラン 吸音体
AU2015357086A1 (en) * 2014-12-05 2017-06-08 Eleda S.R.L. Sound-absorbing element and system
WO2017006993A1 (ja) * 2015-07-08 2017-01-12 名古屋油化株式会社 表皮材シート及びその製造方法並びに吸音材
US10460714B1 (en) 2016-02-05 2019-10-29 United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of National Aeronautics And Space Administration Broadband acoustic absorbers
BR112020016891B8 (pt) * 2018-03-02 2023-12-26 Fibertex Nonwovens As Método de fabricação de um tecido não tecido, tecido não tecido, e seu uso para isolamento acústico
USD894429S1 (en) 2018-04-13 2020-08-25 Caimi Brevetti S.P.A. Sound absorbing panel
USD895158S1 (en) 2018-04-13 2020-09-01 Caimi Brevetti S.P.A. Sound absorbing panel
USD895159S1 (en) 2018-04-13 2020-09-01 Caimi Brevetti S.P.A. Sound absorbing panel
FR3090471A1 (fr) * 2018-12-24 2020-06-26 Airbus Operations (S.A.S.) Procédé de fabrication d’une structure d’absorption acoustique comprenant un panneau alvéolaire intégrant des éléments acoustiques et structure d’absorption acoustique obtenue à partir dudit procédé
DE102019108169A1 (de) * 2019-03-29 2020-10-01 Röchling Automotive SE & Co. KG Kfz-Unterbodenverkleidung zur Absorption von Abrollgeräuschen am damit verkleideten Fahrzeug

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6963647B1 (en) * 1998-12-15 2005-11-08 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Controlled acoustic waveguide for soundproofing

Family Cites Families (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3532589A (en) 1965-04-12 1970-10-06 Du Pont Differentially bonded non-woven sheet
US3971373A (en) 1974-01-21 1976-07-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Particle-loaded microfiber sheet product and respirators made therefrom
CA1073648A (en) 1976-08-02 1980-03-18 Edward R. Hauser Web of blended microfibers and crimped bulking fibers
DE3039651C2 (de) 1980-10-21 1985-07-25 Fa. Carl Freudenberg, 6940 Weinheim Luftschallschluckende, verformte Platte
US4421203A (en) 1982-08-25 1983-12-20 Bergamini John V W Roll-out layered expansible membranes (ROLEM)
JPS59186750A (ja) 1983-04-07 1984-10-23 Nippon Tokushu Toryo Kk ボンネツトフ−ド用吸音板
CH668282A5 (de) 1985-07-31 1988-12-15 Fibraconsult Management Und Be Akustische daemmplatte, verfahren zur herstellung derselben sowie einrichtung zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens.
US4813948A (en) 1987-09-01 1989-03-21 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Microwebs and nonwoven materials containing microwebs
US5409573A (en) 1988-05-10 1995-04-25 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Composites from wet formed blends of glass and thermoplastic fibers
ES2122001T3 (es) 1992-05-08 1998-12-16 Gates Formed Fibre Products Compuesto moldeable sin tejer y metodo de fabricacion mejorados.
US5824973A (en) * 1992-09-29 1998-10-20 Johns Manville International, Inc. Method of making sound absorbing laminates and laminates having maximized sound absorbing characteristics
US5298694A (en) 1993-01-21 1994-03-29 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Acoustical insulating web
US5848509A (en) 1995-08-31 1998-12-15 Certainteed Corporation Encapsulated insulation assembly
JP3326057B2 (ja) 1995-09-13 2002-09-17 カネボウ株式会社 吸音性繊維製品
EP0895551B1 (en) 1996-04-23 2001-09-26 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Bonded polyolefin sheet
WO1998018656A1 (de) 1996-10-29 1998-05-07 Rieter Automotive (International) Ag Ultraleichter multifunktionaler, schallisolierender bausatz
DE19708188C2 (de) 1997-02-28 2001-05-10 Lohmann Gmbh & Co Kg Schallschutzmaterial
JP3213252B2 (ja) 1997-03-03 2001-10-02 カネボウ株式会社 吸音材およびその製造方法
US5886306A (en) 1997-07-22 1999-03-23 Kg Fibers, Inc. Layered acoustical insulating web
US6062997A (en) 1998-02-06 2000-05-16 Elenco Electronics, Inc. Magnetic dart system
PT1058618E (pt) 1998-03-03 2004-04-30 Rieter Automotive Int Ag Laminado de camadas finais para a absorcao de sons
IL126741A0 (en) 1998-10-25 1999-08-17 Yam Daniel Solidification of fluid oils and their use
US6217691B1 (en) 1998-12-24 2001-04-17 Johns Manville International, Inc. Method of making a meltblown fibrous insulation
US6296075B1 (en) * 2000-06-02 2001-10-02 Lear Corporation Lightweight acoustical system
US6669265B2 (en) 2000-06-30 2003-12-30 Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Multidensity liner/insulator
AUPQ883000A0 (en) 2000-07-19 2000-08-10 I.N.C. Corporation Pty Ltd A thermoformable acoustic sheet
US6598584B2 (en) 2001-02-23 2003-07-29 Clean Air Partners, Inc. Gas-fueled, compression ignition engine with maximized pilot ignition intensity
EP1392547A1 (en) 2001-06-01 2004-03-03 Owens Corning Under carpet heat shield and floor pan insulator
US6659223B2 (en) * 2001-10-05 2003-12-09 Collins & Aikman Products Co. Sound attenuating material for use within vehicles and methods of making same
US20030176131A1 (en) 2002-03-15 2003-09-18 Tilton Jeffrey A. Insulating material
US20040002274A1 (en) 2002-06-27 2004-01-01 Tilton Jeffrey A. Decorative laminate for fibrous insulation products
US7000729B2 (en) 2002-07-08 2006-02-21 Acoustek Nonwovens Five-layer sound absorbing pad: improved acoustical absorber
US7618907B2 (en) 2002-08-02 2009-11-17 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Low porosity facings for acoustic applications
US6893711B2 (en) 2002-08-05 2005-05-17 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Acoustical insulation material containing fine thermoplastic fibers
WO2004022645A1 (de) 2002-08-21 2004-03-18 Hp-Chemie Pelzer Research And Development Ltd. Dämpfungsmaterial
US20040077247A1 (en) 2002-10-22 2004-04-22 Schmidt Richard J. Lofty spunbond nonwoven laminate
US6878427B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2005-04-12 Kimberly Clark Worldwide, Inc. Encased insulation article
US7320739B2 (en) * 2003-01-02 2008-01-22 3M Innovative Properties Company Sound absorptive multilayer composite
US20040131836A1 (en) * 2003-01-02 2004-07-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Acoustic web
DE10324257B3 (de) * 2003-05-28 2004-09-30 Clion Ireland Ltd., Newton Schallabsorber, Verfahren zur Herstellung, und Verwendung
JP4691388B2 (ja) * 2004-04-28 2011-06-01 株式会社タケヒロ 超軽量な防音材

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6963647B1 (en) * 1998-12-15 2005-11-08 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Controlled acoustic waveguide for soundproofing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BRPI0621145A2 (pt) 2011-11-29
KR101408581B1 (ko) 2014-06-17
EP1968789A1 (en) 2008-09-17
CA2635536A1 (en) 2007-07-12
RU2008126455A (ru) 2010-02-10
EP1968789B1 (en) 2013-07-17
US7686132B2 (en) 2010-03-30
US20070151800A1 (en) 2007-07-05
JP5586851B2 (ja) 2014-09-10
JP2009522597A (ja) 2009-06-11
CN101351328A (zh) 2009-01-21
WO2007078966A1 (en) 2007-07-12
KR20080080588A (ko) 2008-09-04
EP1968789A4 (en) 2012-01-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN101351328B (zh) 多孔膜
JP5634600B2 (ja) 音響的に調整可能な吸音物品およびそれを製造する方法
US8496088B2 (en) Acoustic composite
US8403108B2 (en) Acoustically tunable sound absorption articles and methods of making same
TWI504512B (zh) 具吸音性之多層物件及其製造與使用方法
US8322487B1 (en) Acoustically coupled non-woven composite
US10783868B2 (en) Acoustic air flow resistive article and method of making
KR100897319B1 (ko) 열성형 가능한 방음 시트
CN101946050A (zh) 具有漫反射性阻隔面料的吸声顶板砖
KR20070094816A (ko) 개선된 흡음 성능을 갖는 열가소성 복합재
RU2604608C2 (ru) Настенное покрытие для создания тепловых и акустических комфортных условий
Tascan et al. Effect of glass-beads on sound insulation properties of nonwoven fabrics
JP2019086551A (ja) 吸音材
JP3494332B2 (ja) 防音材料
JP2008231596A (ja) 吸音性に優れた繊維構造体
MX2008008387A (es) Membrana porosa
Khan The role and applications of fabrics and fibers in the absorption of noise
JP2022040591A (ja) 吸音材用不織布、吸音材、および吸音材用不織布の製造方法
CN117621583A (zh) 一种防水透气材料
JP2002221352A (ja) 空調用ダクトおよびその使用方法
PL226278B1 (pl) Dźwiękochłonny kompozyt na osnowie termoplastycznej oraz sposób wytwarzania tego kompozytu
PL227652B1 (pl) Dźwiękochłonny kompozyt na osnowie termoplastycznej oraz sposób wytwarzania tego kompozytu

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20110406

Termination date: 20191220

CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee