JP6668341B2 - エネルギー蓄積デバイスおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/002—Details
- H01G4/018—Dielectrics
- H01G4/06—Solid dielectrics
- H01G4/14—Organic dielectrics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/002—Details
- H01G4/018—Dielectrics
- H01G4/06—Solid dielectrics
- H01G4/14—Organic dielectrics
- H01G4/18—Organic dielectrics of synthetic material, e.g. derivatives of cellulose
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/002—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/30—Stacked capacitors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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Description
コンデンサは、静電界の形でエネルギーを蓄積するために使用される受動電子部品であり、誘電体層によって分離された一対の電極を含む。2つの電極間に電位差が存在するとき、電界が誘電体層に存在する。この電界はエネルギーを蓄積し、理想的なコンデンサは、各電極上の電荷とそれらの間の電位差との比である単一の一定の静電容量値によって特徴付けられる。実際には、電極間の誘電体層は少量の漏れ電流を通過させる。電極およびリード線は等価直列抵抗を生成し、誘電体層は破壊電圧をもたらす電界強度に制限を有する。最も単なるコンデンサは、誘電率εの誘電体層によって分離された2つの平行な電極からなり、各電極は面積Sを有し、互いに距離dをおいて配置されている。電極は面積Sにわたって均一に延びていると考えられ、表面電荷密度は式:±ρ=±Q/Sで表すことができる。電極の幅が間隔(距離)dよりもはるかに大きいので、コンデンサの中心付近の電場は、大きさE=ρ/εで均一になる。電圧は、電極間の電界の線積分として定義される。理想的なコンデンサは、式(1)で定義される一定の静電容量Cで特徴付けられる。
個々の刊行物、特許、または特許出願が具体的かつ個別に参照により組み込まれると示されていると同様に、本明細書中に言及されるすべての刊行物、特許および特許出願は、参照により本明細書に援用される。
図2は、電極1および2と、分極層(5)で分離された絶縁誘電体(3および4)の2つの絶縁層を含む固体多層構造を含む開示されたエネルギー蓄積デバイスの実施形態を示す。本発明のこの実施形態では、ドデシルベンゼンスルホネート(DBSA)の存在下でのポリアクリル酸(PAA)の水性分散液中のアニリンの現場重合を用いて合成された、ポリアニリンとPANI−DBSA/PAAとの複合体が分極層の材質、ポリエチレンなどが絶縁性誘電体材料としてそれぞれ用いられる。絶縁層の厚さdinsは2.5nmである。電極10および11は銅からなる。ポリエチレンの誘電率は2.2に等しい(すなわち、εins= 2.2)。ポリアニリンとPANI−DBSA/PAAとの複合体は、誘電率εpolが100000であり、分子伝導性を有する導電層の厚さがdpol=1.0mmである。
図3は、電極6および7と、交互の絶縁層および分極層を含む固体多層構造を含む開示されたエネルギー蓄積デバイスの実施形態を示し、絶縁誘電材料(11、12、13、14)の層は分極層(8、9、10)で分離される。本発明のこの実施形態では、分極層の材料としてPANI−DBSA/PAA複合材料を使用し、絶縁誘電材料としてポリエチレンを使用する。絶縁層の厚さ=2.5〜1000nm。電極6および7は銅で作られている。ポリエチレンの誘電率は2.2(すなわち、εins=2.2)であり、絶縁破壊電圧Vbd=1ミリメートルの厚さで40キロボルトである。一実施形態では、分極層の材料は、100000に等しい誘電率εpolを有するポリアニリン(PANI)/ポリ(アクリル酸)(PAA)複合材料である。この例では、分極層の厚さdpol=1.0〜5.0mmである。
Claims (31)
- 第1の電極と、
第2の電極と、
前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との間に配置された固体多層構造と、
を有し、
前記固体多層構造は、前記第1および第2の電極と接触しており、前記電極に平行に配置された層を含み、前記固体多層構造は、前記層(A−B)m−Aのシーケンスを有し、ただし、Aは絶縁層であり、Bは絶縁体マトリックス中に導電性ナノ粒子の微小分散体を有するコロイド状複合体を含有する分極層であり、mは1以上の数であり、
Aは1ナノメートル(nm)当たり少なくとも0.05ボルト(V)の破壊電圧を有し、
Bは少なくとも200の誘電率を有する
ことを特徴とするコンデンサ。 - 前記絶縁層の少なくとも一つが結晶質であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコンデンサ。
- Aが少なくとも0.5V/nmの破壊電圧を有する、請求項1に記載のコンデンサ。
- 前記絶縁層の少なくとも1つが、酸化物、窒化物、酸窒化物およびフッ化物から選択される材料を含む、請求項1に記載のコンデンサ。
- 前記絶縁層の少なくとも1つは、SiO2、HFO2、Al2O3、およびSi3N4から選択される材料を含む、請求項4に記載のコンデンサ。
- 前記修飾官能基が、アルキル、アリール、置換アルキル、および置換アリールから選択される、請求項6または7に記載のコンデンサ。
- 前記絶縁層の少なくとも1つが、フッ素化アルキル、ポリエチレン、ケブラー、ポリ(フッ化ビニリデン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン)、ポリプロピレン、フッ素化ポリプロピレン、およびポリジメチルシロキサンから選択される化合物を含む、請求項1に記載のコンデンサ。
- 前記分極層の少なくとも1つが結晶性である、請求項1に記載のコンデンサ。
- 前記導電性ナノ粒子が、導電性オリゴマーを含む、請求項1に記載のコンデンサ。
- 前記導電性オリゴマーの長手方向軸が、電極表面に対して垂直に向けられている、請求項13に記載のコンデンサ。
- 前記導電性ナノ粒子が、低分子量導電性ポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載のコンデンサ。
- 各Rが、独立して、アルキル、アリール、置換アルキル、または置換アリールである、ことを特徴とする請求項18に記載のコンデンサ。
- 前記絶縁体マトリックスの材料が、ポリ(アクリル酸)(PAA)、ポリ(N−ビニルピロリドン)(PVP)、ポリ(フッ化ビニリデン‐ヘキサフルオロプロピレン)[P(VDF−HFP)]、エチレンプロピレンゴム(EPR)およびエチレンプロピレンジエンモノマー(EPDM)を含むエチレンプロピレンポリマー、およびジメチルジクロロシロキサン、ジメチルシランジオールおよびポリジメチルシロキサンなどのシリコーンゴム(PDMSO)から選択されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコンデンサ。
- 前記電極の少なくとも1つが、Pt、Cu、Al、Ag、Au、Ti、W、Zn、Niまたは低融点合金を含む、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコンデンサ。
- 前記絶縁層の厚み(dins)と前記分極層の厚み(dpol)と前記絶縁層の破壊電界強度Einsと前記分極層Epolの絶縁破壊電界強度との関係が、dins<dpol、およびEins>Epolであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコンデンサ。
- 電極が銅を含み、mが1以上であり、絶縁層Aの誘電材料がポリエチレンであり、分極層Bの材料が、微分散PANI−DBSA/PAAであり、前記複合層におけるPAAに対するPANIの比が20重量%以上であり、前記絶縁層の厚さ(dins)が少なくとも2.5nmであり、前記分極層の厚さ(dpol)が少なくとも1.0mmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコンデンサ。
- 前記電極が銅を含み、mが1以上であり、前記絶縁層Aの誘電材料がポリエチレンであり、前記分極層Bの材料が、ポリ(N−ビニルピロリドン)(PVP)で安定化されたコロイドPANI分散体であり、絶縁層の厚さ(dins)が2.5〜1000nm、分極層の厚さ(dcond)が10〜50μmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコンデンサ。
- 前記分極層が、ドデシルベンゼンスルホネート(DBSA)、ポリオキシエチレングリコールアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシプロピレングリコールアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレングリコールオクチルフェノールエーテル、ポリオキシエチレングリコールソルビタンアルキルエステル、ソルビタンアルキルエステル、およびドデシルジメチルアミン酸化物から選択される界面活性剤を含む、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコンデンサ。
- コンデンサの製造方法であって、
a)第1の電極として機能する導電性基板を準備するステップと、
b)前記第1の電極に隣接して固体多層構造を形成するステップと、
c)多層構造に隣接する第2の電極を形成するステップとを有し、
ただし、多層構造の形成ステップは、絶縁層および分極層の適用の交互操作または絶縁層および分極層の同時押出し操作を含み、個々の絶縁層は、ナノメートル(nm)当たり少なくとも0.05ボルトの破壊電圧を有し、個々の分極層は、少なくとも200の誘電率を有し、前記個々の分極層は、絶縁体マトリックス中に導電性ナノ粒子の微小分散体を有するコロイド状複合体を含有することを特徴とするコンデンサの製造方法。 - 前記固体多層構造を形成するステップが、絶縁材料の溶液の塗布と分極材料の溶液の塗布との交互の操作を含み、前記両方の塗布操作の後に乾燥させて固体絶縁層および分極層を形成するステップを含み、交互操作は、多層構造の形成が完了するまで繰り返され、絶縁層は、最初の層および最後の層が電極と直接接触するように形成されることを特徴とする請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記固体多層構造を形成するステップが、絶縁材料の溶融物の塗布と分極材料の溶融物の塗布との交互の操作を含み、前記両方の塗布操作の後に、冷却させて固体絶縁層および分極層を形成するステップを含み、交互動作は、多層構造の形成が完了するまで繰り返され、絶縁層は、最初の層および最後の層が電極と直接接触するように形成されることを特徴とする請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記固体多層構造を形成するステップが、交互の分極材料および絶縁誘電材料を連続的に含む前記層の少なくとも1つのセットを基板上に共押出しした後、乾燥させて前記固体多層構造を形成するステップを含む、ことを特徴とする請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記固体多層構造を形成するステップが、分極材料と絶縁誘電材料との交互の溶融物を連続的に含む前記層のセットの共押出しした後に、冷却させて前記固体多層構造を形成するステップを含む、ことを特徴とする請求項26に記載の方法。
- コンデンサの製造方法であって、
a)第1および第2の電極上に絶縁層をコーティングするステップと、
b)第1および第2の電極の一方の絶縁層上に多層構造をコーティングし、第1および第2の電極の他方を多層構造に積層し、
個々の絶縁層は少なくとも0.05ボルト/ナノメートル(nm)の破壊電圧を有し、多層構造は少なくとも200の誘電率を有する分極層を含み、前記分極層は絶縁体マトリックス中に導電性ナノ粒子の微小分散体を有するコロイド状複合体を含有することを特徴とするコンデンサの製造方法。
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CN107592939A (zh) | 2018-01-16 |
US20160314901A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
EP3216037A4 (en) | 2018-10-24 |
RU2017112074A (ru) | 2018-12-05 |
KR20170102209A (ko) | 2017-09-08 |
AU2015343211A1 (en) | 2017-04-27 |
SG11201703441YA (en) | 2017-05-30 |
JP2017537464A (ja) | 2017-12-14 |
MX2017005427A (es) | 2017-06-21 |
KR102461254B1 (ko) | 2022-10-31 |
US9916931B2 (en) | 2018-03-13 |
CN107592939B (zh) | 2020-05-05 |
CA2965870A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
EP3216037A1 (en) | 2017-09-13 |
WO2016073522A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
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EP3216037B1 (en) | 2024-01-03 |
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