JP6571735B2 - 止血を調節する組成物および方法 - Google Patents
止血を調節する組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6571735B2 JP6571735B2 JP2017169887A JP2017169887A JP6571735B2 JP 6571735 B2 JP6571735 B2 JP 6571735B2 JP 2017169887 A JP2017169887 A JP 2017169887A JP 2017169887 A JP2017169887 A JP 2017169887A JP 6571735 B2 JP6571735 B2 JP 6571735B2
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Description
以上に、また当該明細書および請求項全体にも、本発明の生体分子に関連して様々な用語が使用されている。
A.核酸分子
本発明の変異型チモーゲン/プロテアーゼをコードする核酸分子は、組み換えDNA技術により調整することができる。ヌクレオチド配列の情報を利用し、様々な方法で本発明の単離核酸分子を調整することが可能である。例えば、当該分野で周知の標準的なプロトコールにより、適切な生物資源から、チモーゲン/プロテアーゼポリヌクレオチドをコードする核酸配列を単離することができる。
本発明の全長または変異型チモーゲン/プロテアーゼポリペプチドは、既知の方法に従い、様々な方法で調整可能である。前記タンパク質は、例えば、イムノアフィニティー精製によりチモーゲン/プロテアーゼを発現した形質転換細菌または動物培養細胞または組織など、適切な資源から精製することができる。しかし、特定の細胞タイプでは常に少量のタンパク質が存在する可能性があるため、これは好ましい方法ではない。
プロテアーゼ活性が変化したポリペプチドをコードする変異型チモーゲン/プロテアーゼの核酸は、例えば、前記血液凝固カスケードを調節する治療および/または予防薬(タンパク質または核酸)として、本発明に従って利用することができる。本発明者は、第X/Xaチモーゲン/プロテアーゼ分子が凝固を促進し、効果的な止血を提供することを発見した。
本発明の好適な実施形態では、変異型チモーゲン/プロテアーゼポリペプチドを生物学的に適合した担体に添加した注入により、好ましくは静脈内注射により患者に投与することができる。本発明の変異型チモーゲン/プロテアーゼは、任意選択でリポソームに封入するか、他のリン脂質またはミセルと混合し、前記分子の安定性を向上させることができる。チモーゲン/プロテアーゼは単独または他の既知薬物との併用で投与し、止血(例えば、第V因子、第Va因子、またはその誘導体)を調節することができる。チモーゲン/プロテアーゼポリペプチドを送達させるために適した組成物は、患者の状態および血行力学的状態を含む(これに限定されるものではないが)様々な生理的変数を考慮し、医師が判断することができる。異なる適応および投与経路に十分適した様々な組成物が当該分野で周知であり、以下に説明される。
チモーゲン/プロテアーゼをコードする核酸は、本発明に従い、様々な目的で利用することができる。本発明の好適な実施形態では、血液凝固を調節する核酸の輸送媒体(つまり、発現ベクター)が提供され、前記発現ベクターが、変異型チモーゲン/プロテアーゼポリペプチドまたは本明細書に説明されるその機能的フラグメントをコードする核酸配列を有する。チモーゲン/プロテアーゼをコードする発現ベクターを患者に投与すると、凝固カスケードを変化させるチモーゲン/プロテアーゼポリペプチドが発現される。本発明に従い、チモーゲン/プロテアーゼをコードする核酸配列は、本明細書に説明するチモーゲン/プロテアーゼポリペプチドをコードすることができ、その発現により止血が促される。好適な実施形態では、チモーゲン/プロテアーゼの核酸配列がヒト第Xa因子ポリペプチド変異体をコードする。
組み換え遺伝子を発現させるアデノウイルスベクターは、ヒト胎児腎細胞株293で作成されてきた(Graham et al.,1977,J.Gen.Virol.36:59−72)。この細胞株は、アデノウイルス5ゲノムの左端を有し、そのためE1タンパク質を発現しているため、E1機能が欠損したアデノウイルス2(Ad2)およびアデノウイルス5変異体の増殖が許容状態である。これらの遺伝子が欠失したウイルスベクターを増殖するための発現系として、これらの細胞の利用が促されるレベルで、293細胞の細胞ゲノムに組み込まれたE1遺伝子が発現される。293細胞は、E1変異体の単離と伝搬、ヘルパー非依存的クローニング、アデノウイルスベクターの発現に広範に利用されてきた。従って、前記293細胞株などの発現系は、トランスにより重要なウイルス機能を提供し、それによって、外因性核酸配列がE1遺伝子と置換されたウイルスベクターの伝搬が可能となる。Young et al.,The Adenoviruses,Ginsberg,ed.,Plenum Press,New York and London(1984),pp.125−172を参照。
本発明の発現ベクターは、生物学的に活性なタンパク質(例えば、変異型チモーゲン/プロテアーゼポリペプチドまたは機能的フラグメントまたはその誘導体)の産生が可能となるように、被験者に投与可能な薬学的組成物に組み込むことができる。本発明の特定の実施形態では、投与者が治療有効量の変異型チモーゲン/プロテアーゼポリペプチドを産生できる、十分な遺伝物質を有する薬学的組成物が、前記被験者の止血に影響することができる。代わりに、上記に考察したとおり、有効量の前記変異型第X因子ポリペプチドを、それを必要とする患者に直接注入することができる。前記組成物は単独投与するか、または安定化化合物など、少なくとも1種類の他の薬物と併用投与することができ、生理食塩水、緩衝食塩水、デキストロース、および水を含む(これに限定されるものではないが)滅菌された生体適合性の薬学的担体に添加して投与することができる。前記組成物は患者に単独投与するか、または止血に影響する他の薬物(例えば補助因子)と併用投与することができる。
前記変異型第X因子ポリペプチドは、単独または他の薬物と併用し、上述のとおり適切な生物学的担体に添加した状態で、患者に直接注射することができる。変異型チモーゲン/プロテアーゼ、またはその機能的フラグメントをコードする核酸配列を有する本発明の発現ベクターは、様々な方法で(以下参照)患者に投与し、前記チモーゲン/プロテアーゼポリペプチドの予防および/または治療有効レベルを達成および維持することができる。当業者であれば、特定患者を治療するため、本発明のチモーゲン/プロテアーゼをコードする発現ベクターを用いる具体的なプロトコールを容易に決定できるであろう。アデノウイルスベクターを作成し、患者に投与するプロトコールは、米国特許第5,998,205号、第6,228,646号、第6,093,699号、第6,100,242号明細書;および国際特許出願第WO 94/17810号および第WO 94/23744号に報告されており、その全内容は本明細書に参考文献により盛り込まれている。
変異型第Xa因子チモーゲン/プロテアーゼ
活性化に影響する前駆体血漿タンパク質のタンパク質分解的プロセシングは、血液凝固の特徴である。このタイプの活性化機序の理論的枠組みは、キモトリプシン様セリンプロテアーゼファミリーのチモーゲンからプロテアーゼへの移行である。高度に保存された部位(Arg15−Ile16;キモトリプシンの番号付与方式)の結合切断により新しいN末端が現れ、これがAsp194の分子内リガンドとして機能する(図2)。この新しい塩橋により、S1特異的ポケット、オキシアニオンホール、自己分解ループ、およびナトリウム結合部位から成る表面ループである、いわゆる「活性化ドメイン」の構造変化と秩序化が行われるか、そのような変化が伴う。トリプシン系では、Ile16−Asp194内部の塩橋形成はS1特異的部位とアロステリックに関連していることが十分実証されており、これは部位同士が互いに影響しあう変化である。
第Xa因子の発現
rFXの発現については文献にいくつか報告があるが、ほとんどが切断されたrFXを利用しているか、十分な特性解析を提供していない(15−20)。我々がHEK 293細胞でrFXを発現させようとした最初の試みでは、馴化培地の発現濃度が1〜2mg rFX/Lの範囲となったが、完全にγ−カルボキシル化したのは生成した物質の10〜40%のみであることが分かった(21)。残りの物質にγ−カルボキシル化は認められなかった。我々は、前記カルボキシラーゼのビタミンK依存性プロペプチドの結合親和性が異なることを利用し、プロトロンビンプロペプチドの前記カルボキシラーゼに対する親和性は最も低いため、FXのプロペプチド(親和性が最も高い)をプロトロンビンのプロペプチドと交換することで、基質の代謝回転が上がり、γ−カルボキシル化が亢進すると仮定した(22,23)。この新しいベクターを用い、HEK 293細胞の安定な形質移入体を選択、増殖し、イムノアフィニティークロマトグラフィーによりrFXを精製した。ヒドロキシアパタイトからのリン酸塩の溶出を利用し、カルボキシル化した物質をカルボキシル化していない物質から分離した。今回、30種を超える安定細胞株から得られた我々の結果は、平均して、前記rFXのおよそ80〜90%が完全にγ−カルボキシル化されたのに対し、天然型FXプロペプチドでは10〜40%であることを示している。これらの結果は最近発表され、この戦略は、後に少なくとも1箇所の他研究室でも採用された(24,25)。そのため我々は、詳細な構造/機能研究を行うため、この新しい発現系を用い、現在ミリグラム単位の量(約10Lの馴化培地から完全にγ−カルボキシル化したrFX 15〜25mg)を作成している。
酵素濃度は、ρ−ニトロフェニルρ−グアニジノベンゾエート(IIa)またはフルオレセインモノ−ρ−グアニジノベンゾエート(FXa)を用いた活性部位の滴定により決定する(26,27)。様々な阻害剤存在下または非存在下でのFXa発色性基質活性は、すでに報告されているとおり、Spectrozyme FXa、S−2222、またはS−2765の初期加水分解速度から測定する(14)。速度パラメータは、初期速度データを適切な方程式に当てはめる最小二乗適合により決定する。
前記FX変異体はQuick−change site−directed mutagenesis kit(Stratagene)を用いて作成し、全FX cDNAの配列を決定し、生成物が同一であるか確認した。Lipofectamine−2000を用い、様々なプラスミドがHEK 293細胞に一時的に移入された。形質移入の48時間後、培地を回収、FX特異的ELISAによりFX抗原レベルを決定し、発色法によりFXa活性を評価した後、RVV−Xまたは組織因子FVIIaによる活性化を行った。
チモーゲン−プロテアーゼの移行経路に分散したFXa種の生成は、表1に概説されている。一時的な形質移入の結果は、約25%〜1%未満の様々な活性量で、一連のFXa変異体が生成したことを示している。我々は、これらの活性の差がFX変異体を反映している可能性があり、活性はチモーゲンからプロテアーゼに移行するにつれ、様々な程度で変化すると仮定している。言い方を変えれば、Ile16−Asp194の内部の塩橋は、16、17、または194位のアミノ酸により、様々な程度で安定化する。我々は、このうち3種類の変異体を選択し(rFXaI16L、FXaI16G、およびFXaV17A)、さらに特徴解析を行った。
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Claims (23)
- 配列ID番号1のアミノ酸41〜179および235〜488を有する止血を調節する変異型第Xa因子であって、キモトリプシンの番号付与方式で16位(配列ID番号1の235位)のIleがPhe、AspおよびGlyからなる群から選択されるアミノ酸で置換されるものである、変異型第Xa因子。
- 請求項1記載の変異型第Xa因子において、前記キモトリプシンの番号付与方式で16位のIleがPheで置換されるものである、変異型第Xa因子。
- 請求項1記載の変異型第Xa因子において、前記キモトリプシンの番号付与方式で16位のIleがAspで置換されるものである、変異型第Xa因子。
- 請求項1記載の変異型第Xa因子において、前記キモトリプシンの番号付与方式で16位のIleがGlyで置換されるものである、変異型第Xa因子。
- 請求項1記載の変異型第Xa因子において、前記第Xa因子は配列ID番号1のアミノ酸41〜179およびアミノ酸235〜488からなり、16位(配列ID番号1の235位)のIleがPhe、AspおよびGlyからなる群から選択されるアミノ酸で置換されるものである、変異型第Xa因子。
- 請求項4記載の変異型第Xa因子において、前記変異型第Xa因子の活性部位による基質結合は野生型第Xa因子と比較して低下したものであり、および、前記変異型第Xa因子がプロトロンビナーゼ複合体の第Va因子に結合すると、前記変異型第Xa因子の活性部位による基質結合は増加するものである、変異型第Xa因子。
- 止血関連疾患の治療において使用される請求項1〜6のいずれか一つに記載の変異型第Xa因子。
- 生物学的に適合した担体中に請求項1〜7のいずれか一つに記載の変異型第Xa因子を有する薬学的組成物。
- 止血関連疾患の治療のための薬剤の製造における請求項1〜7のいずれか一つに記載の第Xa因子変異体の使用。
- 請求項9記載の使用において、前記止血関連疾患は血友病A、血友病B、凝固因子欠乏症、ならびに、外傷、損傷、血栓症、血小板減少症、脳卒中、凝固障害および播種性血管内凝固症候群(disseminated intravascular coagulation:DIC)に伴う出血から成る群から選択されるものである、使用。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか一つに記載の変異型第Xa因子をコードする核酸分子であって、前記核酸はさらに細胞内切断部位をコードするものであり、前記細胞内切断部位はキモトリプシンの番号付与方式で15位と16位の間にあるか、または、前記第X因子の活性ペプチドは前記細胞内切断部位によって置換されるものである、核酸分子。
- ヒト第X因子(FX)ポリペプチドをコードする核酸配列を有する単離核酸分子であって、前記FXポリペプチドは配列ID番号1のアミノ酸41〜179および235〜488を有し、キモトリプシンの番号付与方式で16位(配列ID番号1の235位)のIleがPhe、AspおよびGlyからなる群から選択されるアミノ酸で置換されるものであり、
前記核酸はさらに細胞内切断部位をコードするものであり、および、前記細胞内切断部位はキモトリプシンの番号付与方式で15位と16位の間にあるか、または、前記FXの活性ペプチドは前記細胞内切断部位によって置換されるものであり、および、前記細胞内切断部位は細胞内で前記FXポリペプチドの活性化を可能にするものである、核酸分子。 - 請求項12記載の核酸分子において、前記キモトリプシンの番号付与方式で16位のIleがPheで置換されるものである、核酸分子。
- 請求項12記載の核酸分子において、前記キモトリプシンの番号付与方式で16位のIleがAspで置換されるものである、核酸分子。
- 請求項12記載の核酸分子において、前記キモトリプシンの番号付与方式で16位のIleがGlyで置換されるものである、核酸分子。
- 請求項12の核酸分子において、前記FXポリペプチドはプロペプチド配列を有するものである、核酸分子。
- 請求項11〜16のいずれか一つに記載の核酸分子において、前記細胞内切断部位は、PACE/フューリン切断部位である、核酸分子。
- 制御配列に操作可能に結合された請求項11〜17のいずれか一つに記載の核酸分子を有する発現ベクター。
- アデノウイルスベクター、アデノウイルス随伴ベクター、レトロウイルス、プラスミド、およびレンチウイルスベクターから成る群から選択される、請求項18記載の発現ベクター。
- 請求項18記載の発現ベクターを有する宿主細胞。
- 前記宿主細胞はCHO細胞である、請求項20記載の宿主細胞。
- 請求項20記載の宿主細胞を培養する工程と、それによって製造された第Xa因子を精製する工程とを有する、活性第X因子(FXa)を製造する方法。
- 請求項22記載の方法によって製造されたFXa。
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