JP6551536B2 - 液晶素子 - Google Patents
液晶素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6551536B2 JP6551536B2 JP2017550879A JP2017550879A JP6551536B2 JP 6551536 B2 JP6551536 B2 JP 6551536B2 JP 2017550879 A JP2017550879 A JP 2017550879A JP 2017550879 A JP2017550879 A JP 2017550879A JP 6551536 B2 JP6551536 B2 JP 6551536B2
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
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- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133633—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation using mesogenic materials
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133726—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films made of a mesogenic material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13725—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on guest-host interaction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13743—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on electrohydrodynamic instabilities or domain formation in liquid crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13743—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on electrohydrodynamic instabilities or domain formation in liquid crystals
- G02F1/1375—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on electrohydrodynamic instabilities or domain formation in liquid crystals using dynamic scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
- G02F1/13345—Network or three-dimensional gels
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13756—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering the liquid crystal selectively assuming a light-scattering state
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- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/04—Materials and properties dye
- G02F2202/043—Materials and properties dye pleochroic
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Description
C=1/ρ
R=1/CR
R=ρ×D/A
Rin=d(nx−ny)
Rth=d(nz−ny)
F1>F2
V1≦V2.
20≦H1/H2
5≦T1/T2
102:液晶層
201、202:配光膜
301、302:電極層
実施例および比較例で製造された液晶素子に対し、LCR Meter(E4980A、Agilent社)を利用して、測定周波数が60Hzであり、測定電圧の大きさが0.5Vである条件で、常温で伝導度を測定した。平行伝導度は垂直配向された液晶層に対して垂直電圧、すなわち厚さ方向に電圧を印加して測定し、必要な場合に垂直伝導度は水平配向された液晶層に対して同様に前記垂直電圧を印加して測定した。各液晶素子の液晶層を面積が9cm2(横:3cm、縦:3cm)であり、厚さが15μmとなるように製作して測定した。
実施例および比較例で製造された液晶素子に対してヘイズメータ、NDH−5000SPを利用して、ASTM D1003規格に沿ってヘイズおよび透過率を測定した。すなわち、光を測定対象を透過させて積分球内に入射させ、この過程で光は測定対象によって拡散光(DT、拡散されて出光されたすべての光の合計を意味する)と直進光(PT、拡散光を排除した正面方向の出光を意味する)に分離されるが、この光は積分球内で受光素子に集光され、集光される光を通じて前記ヘイズの測定が可能である。すなわち、前記過程による全体透過光(TT)は前記拡散光(DT)と直進光(PT)の総合(DT+PT)であり、ヘイズは前記全体透過光に対する拡散光の百分率(Haze(%)=100XDT/TT)で規定され得る。また、下記の試験例で全体透過率は前記全体透過光(TT)を意味し、直進透過率は前記直進光(PT)を意味する。
ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)透明電極層と垂直配光膜が順次形成されている2つのPC(polycarbonate)フィルムを前記垂直配光膜が互いに対向し、間隙(cell gap)が約15μm程度となるように離隔配置させた後で前記離隔配置された2枚のPCフィルムの間に液晶組成物を注入し、エッジ(edge)をシーリングして面積9cm2および間隙(Cell gap)15μmの液晶素子を製作した。前記液晶組成物は、液晶化合物として屈折率異方性が0.25で、誘電率異方性が−4.0である液晶化合物(メーカー:HCCH、商品名:HNG726200−100)、異方性染料(メーカー:BASF、商品名:X12)および伝導度調節のための添加剤(メーカー:HCCH、商品名:HCM−021)を87:10:3の重量比率(HNG726200−100:X12:HCM−021)で含むものを使った。前記の通りに製造された液晶層の平行伝導度の実測値は約7.9×10−6Sであり、これを前記数式1〜3を使って面積が1cm2で、厚さが1cmである液晶層が表わす数値に換算した結果は1.3×10−3μS/cmであった。
製造例1で製造された液晶素子に対して駆動周波数を変更しながら全体透過率とヘイズを評価して、その結果を図4〜17に整理した。図4〜10は順次的にそれぞれ30Hz、60Hz、100Hz、300Hz、500Hz、700Hzおよび1000Hzで測定した全体透過率であり、図11〜17は順次的にそれぞれ30Hz、60Hz、100Hz、300Hz、500Hz、700Hzおよび1000Hzで測定したヘイズである。図面から分かるように、製造例1の液晶素子の場合、約300Hz以上と40V未満の条件で第1および第2状態の具現が可能で、30Hz以上、300Hz未満の印加電圧60Vの条件でEHDI駆動による透過率とヘイズが飽和されることを確認することができる。
液晶組成物として、液晶化合物として屈折率異方性が0.25で、誘電率異方性が−4.0である液晶化合物(メーカー:HCCH、商品名:HNG726200−100)、異方性染料(メーカー:BASF、商品名:X12)および伝導度調節のための添加剤(メーカー:HCCH、商品名:HCM−021)を89:10:1の重量比率(HNG726200−100:X12:HCM−021)で含むものを使ったことを除いては製造例1と同一に素子を製作した。前記素子の液晶層の平行伝導度の実測値は約1.0×10−5Sであり、これを前記数式1〜3を使って面積が1cm2で、厚さが1cmである液晶層が表わす数値に換算した結果は1.7×10−3μS/cmであった。
製造例1で製造された液晶素子に対して駆動周波数を変更しながら全体透過率とヘイズを評価して、その結果を図18〜31に整理した。図18〜24は順次的にそれぞれ30Hz、60Hz、100Hz、300Hz、500Hz、700Hzおよび1000Hzで測定した全体透過率であり、図25〜31は順次的にそれぞれ30Hz、60Hz、100Hz、300Hz、500Hz、700Hzおよび1000Hzで測定したヘイズである。図面から分かるように、製造例2の液晶素子の場合、約100Hz以上と20V未満の条件で第1および第2状態の具現が可能で、30Hz以上、100Hz以下の印加電圧60V以下の条件でEHDI駆動による透過率とヘイズが飽和されることを確認することができる。
Claims (17)
- 平行伝導度が1.0×10−4μS/cm以上の液晶層を含み、
前記液晶層内のイオン性化合物の比率は、1重量%以下であり、
下記第1〜第3状態の間でスイッチングされ、前記第2状態の具現のための印加周波数(F1)および印加電圧(V1)と第3状態の具現のための印加周波数(F2)および印加電圧(V2)が下記の条件1および2を満足する(前記平行伝導度は、前記液晶層の光軸と電場の方向が水平であるように電圧を印加した状態で前記電場の方向に沿って測定した値であり、ここで、測定周波数は60Hzであり、測定電圧は0.5Vであり、前記平行伝導度は、面積が1cm2で、厚さが1cmである液晶層への換算数値である。)、
第1状態:直進光透過率が25%以上、ヘイズが5%以下である状態;
第2状態:直進光透過率が15%以下、ヘイズが5%以下である状態;
第3状態:直進光透過率が10%以下、ヘイズが80%以上である状態、
[条件1]
F1>F2
[条件2]
V1≦V2、
トリプル相液晶素子。 - 液晶層の平行伝導度が5.0×10−2μS/cm以下である、請求項1に記載のトリプル相液晶素子。
- 液晶層の平行伝導度が3.0×10−2μS/cm以下である、請求項1または2に記載のトリプル相液晶素子。
- 液晶層の垂直伝導度(VC)および液晶層の平行伝導度(PC)の比率(PC/VC)が0.2以上である、請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載のトリプル相液晶素子(前記垂直伝導度は、前記液晶層の光軸と電場の方向が垂直であるように電圧を印加した状態で前記電場の方向に沿って測定した値であり、前記において、測定周波数は60Hzであり、測定電圧は0.5Vであり、前記垂直伝導度は、面積が1cm 2 で、厚さが1cmである液晶層への換算数値である。)。
- 液晶層の平行伝導度(PC)および液晶層の垂直伝導度(VC)の比率(VC/PC)が2.0以下である、請求項1から4の何れか一項に記載のトリプル相液晶素子(前記垂直伝導度は、前記液晶層の光軸と電場の方向が垂直であるように電圧を印加した状態で前記電場の方向に沿って測定した値であり、前記において、測定周波数は60Hzであり、測定電圧は0.5Vであり、前記垂直伝導度は、面積が1cm 2 で、厚さが1cmである液晶層への換算数値である。)。
- 下記の数式Aを満足する、
[数式A]
20≦H1/H2
数式AでH1は30Hzの周波数および60Vの電圧が印加された状態での前記トリプル相液晶素子のヘイズで、H2は電圧未印加状態または100Hzの周波数および10Vの電圧が印加された状態での前記トリプル相液晶素子のヘイズである、
請求項1から5の何れか一項に記載のトリプル相液晶素子。 - 下記の数式Bを満足する、
[数式B]
5≦T1/T2
数式BでT1は電圧未印加状態または100Hzの周波数および10Vの電圧が印加された状態での前記トリプル相液晶素子の直進光透過率で、T2は30Hzの周波数および60Vの電圧が印加された状態での前記トリプル相液晶素子の直進光透過率である、
請求項1から6の何れか一項に記載のトリプル相液晶素子。 - 液晶層は非反応性液晶化合物および反応性メソゲンを含む、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載のトリプル相液晶素子。
- 液晶層は非反応性液晶化合物100重量部対比1〜30重量部の反応性液晶化合物を含む、請求項8に記載のトリプル相液晶素子。
- 液晶層はイオン性化合物を2重量%以下の比率でさらに含む、請求項8または9に記載のトリプル相液晶素子。
- 第1状態で液晶層は垂直配向状態である、請求項1から10の何れか一項に記載のトリプル相液晶素子。
- 第2状態で液晶層は水平配向、ツイスト配向またはハイブリッド配向状態である、請求項1から11の何れか一項に記載のトリプル相液晶素子。
- 第3状態で液晶層は電気流体力学的不安定状態である、請求項1から12の何れか一項に記載のトリプル相液晶素子。
- 液晶層を含むトリプル相液晶素子の製造方法であって、
前記液晶層内のイオン性化合物の比率は、1重量%以下であり、
前記液晶層の平行伝導度を1.0×10−4μS/cm以上に調節し、前記トリプル相液晶素子が下記第1〜第3状態の間でスイッチングされ得るようにする段階を含み、前記第2状態の具現のための印加周波数(F1)および印加電圧(V1)と第3状態の具現のための印加周波数(F2)および印加電圧(V2)が下記の条件1および2を満足する(前記平行伝導度は、前記液晶層の光軸と電場の方向が水平であるように電圧を印加した状態で前記電場の方向に沿って測定した値であり、ここで、測定周波数は60Hzであり、測定電圧は0.5Vであり、前記平行伝導度は、面積が1cm2で、厚さが1cmである液晶層への換算数値である。)、
第1状態:直進光透過率が25%以上、ヘイズが5%以下である状態;
第2状態:直進光透過率が15%以上、ヘイズが5%以下である状態;
第3状態:直進光透過率が10%以下、ヘイズが80%以上である状態、
[条件1]
F1>F2
[条件2]
V1≦V2、
方法。 - 平行伝導度が1.0×10−4μS/cm以上の液晶層を含むトリプル相液晶素子の駆動方法であって、
前記液晶層内のイオン性化合物の比率は、1重量%以下であり、
印加電圧の周波数または大きさを調節して前記トリプル相液晶素子が下記第1〜第3状態のうちいずれか1つの状態を具現するようにする段階を含み、前記第2状態の具現のための印加周波数(F1)および印加電圧(V1)と第3状態の具現のための印加周波数(F2)および印加電圧(V2)が下記の条件1および2を満足する(前記平行伝導度は、前記液晶層の光軸と電場の方向が水平であるように電圧を印加した状態で前記電場の方向に沿って測定した値であり、ここで、測定周波数は60Hzであり、測定電圧は0.5Vであり、前記平行伝導度は、面積が1cm2で、厚さが1cmである液晶層への換算数値である。)、
第1状態:直進光透過率が25%以上、ヘイズが5%以下である状態;
第2状態:直進光透過率が15%以上、ヘイズが5%以下である状態;
第3状態:直進光透過率が10%以下、ヘイズが80%以上である状態、
[条件1]
F1>F2
[条件2]
V1≦V2、
方法。 - 第1〜第3状態のうちいずれか1つの状態から第1〜第3状態中の他の状態にスイッチングされるように印加電圧の周波数または大きさを制御する段階をさらに含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 請求項1に記載されたトリプル相液晶素子を含む、光変調装置。
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