JP6551537B2 - 液晶素子 - Google Patents
液晶素子 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6551537B2 JP6551537B2 JP2017550882A JP2017550882A JP6551537B2 JP 6551537 B2 JP6551537 B2 JP 6551537B2 JP 2017550882 A JP2017550882 A JP 2017550882A JP 2017550882 A JP2017550882 A JP 2017550882A JP 6551537 B2 JP6551537 B2 JP 6551537B2
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- liquid crystal
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 310
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 72
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- -1 acryloyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 9
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000004983 Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- JLYXXMFPNIAWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N γ Benzene hexachloride Chemical compound ClC1C(Cl)C(Cl)C(Cl)C(Cl)C1Cl JLYXXMFPNIAWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005660 hydrophilic surface Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004984 smart glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004976 Lyotropic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000491 Polyphenylsulfone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 229960003431 cetrimonium Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RLGQACBPNDBWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cetyltrimethylammonium ion Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C RLGQACBPNDBWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VFHVQBAGLAREND-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphoryl-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)methanone Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(=O)P(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VFHVQBAGLAREND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
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- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYTDEUPAUMOIOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N TEMPO Chemical compound CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1[O] QYTDEUPAUMOIOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002547 anomalous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001000 anthraquinone dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003667 anti-reflective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000800 cetrimonium bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003851 corona treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001925 cycloalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cyclopentane Natural products CC1CCCC1 GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002848 norbornenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006289 polycarbonate film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- WRTMQOHKMFDUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N triiodide Chemical compound I[I-]I WRTMQOHKMFDUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13743—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on electrohydrodynamic instabilities or domain formation in liquid crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/1326—Liquid crystal optical waveguides or liquid crystal cells specially adapted for gating or modulating between optical waveguides
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- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13725—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on guest-host interaction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13743—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on electrohydrodynamic instabilities or domain formation in liquid crystals
- G02F1/1375—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on electrohydrodynamic instabilities or domain formation in liquid crystals using dynamic scattering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13756—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering the liquid crystal selectively assuming a light-scattering state
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/06—Materials and properties dopant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/16—Materials and properties conductive
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Description
<先行技術文献>
<特許文献>
C=1/ρ
R=1/CR
R=ρ×D/A
Rin=d(nx−ny)
Rth=d(nz−ny)
V1<V2.
20≦H1/H2
5≦T1/T2
102:液晶層
201、202:配光膜
301、302:電極層
実施例および比較例で製造された液晶素子に対し、LCR Meter(E4980A、Agilent社)を利用して、測定周波数が60Hzであり、測定電圧の大きさが0.5Vである条件で、常温で伝導度を測定した。平行伝導度は垂直配向された液晶層に対して垂直電圧、すなわち厚さ方向に電圧を印加して測定し、必要な場合に垂直伝導度は水平配向された液晶層に対して同様に前記垂直電圧を印加して測定した。各液晶素子の液晶層を面積が9cm2(横:3cm、縦:3cm)であり、厚さが15μmとなるように製作して測定した。
実施例および比較例で製造された液晶素子に対してヘイズメータ、NDH−5000SPを利用して、ASTM D1003規格に沿ってヘイズおよび透過率を測定した。すなわち、光を測定対象を透過させて積分球内に入射させ、この過程で光は測定対象によって拡散光(DT、拡散されて出光されたすべての光の合計を意味)と直進光(PT、拡散光を排除した正面方向の出光を意味)に分離されるが、この光は積分球内で受光素子に集光され、集光される光を通じて前記ヘイズの測定が可能である。すなわち、前記過程による全体透過光(TT)は前記拡散光(DT)と直進光(PT)の総合(DT+PT)であり、ヘイズは前記全体透過光に対する拡散光の百分率(Haze(%)=100XDT/TT)で規定され得る。また、下記の試験例で全体透過率は前記全体透過光(TT)を意味し、直進透過率は前記直進光(PT)を意味する。
ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)透明電極層と垂直配光膜が順次形成されている2つのPC(polycarbonate)フィルムを前記垂直配光膜が互いに対向し、間隙(cell gap)が約15μm程度となるように離隔配置させた後で前記離隔配置された2枚のPCフィルムの間に液晶組成物を注入し、エッジ(edge)をシーリングして面積9cm2および間隙(cell gap)15μmの液晶素子を製作した。前記液晶組成物は、液晶化合物として屈折率異方性が0.15で、誘電率異方性が−5.0人液晶化合物(メーカー:HCCH、商品名:HNG730600−200)、異方性染料(メーカー:BASF、商品名:X12)および伝導度調節のための添加剤(メーカー:HCCH、商品名:HCM−009)を89.9:0.1:10の重量比率(HNG730600−200:X12:HCM−009)で含むものを使った。前記の通りに製造された液晶層の平行伝導度の実測値は約3.1×10−6であり、これを前記数式1〜3を使って面積が1cm2で、厚さが1cmである液晶層が表わす数値に換算した結果は5.2×10−4μS/cmであった。
製造例1で製造された液晶素子に対して駆動周波数を60Hzで固定して、電圧の大きさを変更しながら全体透過率とヘイズを評価して、その結果を図4および5に整理した。図4は全体透過率に対する結果で、図5はヘイズに対する結果である。図面から分かるように、製造例1の液晶素子の場合、約60Hzで10V以下まで第1および第2状態の具現が可能で、60Vの印加電圧水準でEHDI駆動による透過率とヘイズが飽和されることを確認することができる。
液晶組成物として、液晶化合物として屈折率異方性が0.15で、誘電率異方性が−5.0人液晶化合物(メーカー:HCCH、商品名:HNG730600−200)、異方性染料(メーカー:BASF、商品名:X12)、伝導度調節のための第1添加剤(メーカー:HCCH、商品名:HCM−009)および伝導度調節のための第2添加剤(メーカー:Aldrich、商品名:CTAB)を89.9:0.1:9.5:0.5の重量比率(HNG730600−200:X12:HCM−099:CTAB)で含むものを使ったことを除いては製造例1と同一に液晶素子を製造した。前記の通りに製造された液晶層の平行伝導度の実測値は約1.0×10−5Sであり、これを前記数式1〜3を使って面積が1cm2で、厚さが1cmである液晶層が表わす数値に換算した結果は1.7×10−3μS/cmであった。
製造例1で製造された液晶素子に対して駆動周波数および電圧の大きさを変更しながら全体透過率とヘイズを評価して、その結果を図6〜11に整理した。図6〜8は順次的にそれぞれ駆動周波数を30Hz、60Hzまたは100Hzの固定状態で、印加電圧の大きさを変更して測定した全体透過率であり、図9〜11は順次的にそれぞれ駆動周波数を30Hz、60Hzまたは100Hzの固定状態で、印加電圧の大きさを変更して測定したヘイズである。図面から分かるように、製造例2の液晶素子の場合、約100Hz条件で印加電圧により第1〜第3状態が具現された。
Claims (18)
- 平行伝導度が1.0×10−4μS/cm以上の液晶層を含み、
前記液晶層内のイオン性化合物の比率は、1重量%以下であり、
下記第1〜第3状態の間でスイッチングされ、
前記第1〜第3状態でのスイッチングが同一周波数で電圧の大きさの変更によって実行され、前記第1または第2状態の具現のための印加電圧(V1)と前記第3状態の具現のための印加電圧(V2)が下記の条件1を満足するように設計された、
トリプル相液晶素子
(前記平行伝導度は、前記液晶層の光軸と電場の方向が水平であるように電圧を印加した状態で前記電場の方向に沿って測定した値であり、
前記において、
測定周波数は60Hzであり、
測定電圧は0.5Vであり、
前記平行伝導度は、
面積が1cm2で、
厚さが1cmである液晶層への換算数値である。):
第1状態:直進光透過率が50%以上、ヘイズが5%以下である状態;
第2状態:直進光透過率が35%以下、ヘイズが5%以下である状態;
第3状態:直進光透過率が10%以下、ヘイズが80%以上である状態:
[条件1]
V1<V2。 - 液晶層の平行伝導度が5.0×10−2μS/cm以下である、
請求項1に記載のトリプル相液晶素子。 - 液晶層の平行伝導度が3.0×10−2μS/cm以下である、
請求項1に記載のトリプル相液晶素子。 - 液晶層の垂直伝導度(VC)および液晶層の平行伝導度(PC)の比率(PC/VC)が0.2以上である、
請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のトリプル相液晶素子(前記垂直伝導度は、前記液晶層の光軸と電場の方向が垂直であるように電圧を印加した状態で前記電場の方向に沿って測定した値であり、前記において、測定周波数は60Hzであり、測定電圧は0.5Vであり、前記垂直伝導度は、面積が1cm 2 で、厚さが1cmである液晶層への換算数値である。)。 - 液晶層の平行伝導度(PC)および液晶層の垂直伝導度(VC)の比率(VC/PC)が2.0以下である、
請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載のトリプル相液晶素子(前記垂直伝導度は、前記液晶層の光軸と電場の方向が垂直であるように電圧を印加した状態で前記電場の方向に沿って測定した値であり、前記において、測定周波数は60Hzであり、測定電圧は0.5Vであり、前記垂直伝導度は、面積が1cm 2 で、厚さが1cmである液晶層への換算数値である。)。 - 第1状態で直進光透過率が55%以上で、ヘイズが3%以下であり、
第2状態で直進光透過率が30%以下で、ヘイズが3%以下であり、
第3状態で直進光透過率が5%以下で、ヘイズが90%以上である、
請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載のトリプル相液晶素子。 - 下記の数式Aを満足する、
請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載のトリプル相液晶素子:
[数式A]
20≦H1/H2
数式Aで
H1は60Hzの周波数および60Vの電圧が印加された状態での前記トリプル相液晶素子のヘイズで、
H2は電圧未印加状態または60Hzの周波数および10Vの電圧が印加された状態での前記トリプル相液晶素子のヘイズである。 - 下記の数式Bを満足する、
請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載のトリプル相液晶素子:
[数式B]
5≦T1/T2
数式Bで
T1は電圧未印加状態または60Hzの周波数および10Vの電圧が印加された状態での前記トリプル相液晶素子の直進光透過率で、
T2は60Hzの周波数および60Vの電圧が印加された状態での前記トリプル相液晶素子の直進光透過率である。 - 液晶層は非反応性液晶化合物および反応性メソゲンを含む、
請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載のトリプル相液晶素子。 - 液晶層は非反応性液晶化合物100重量部対比1〜30重量部の反応性液晶化合物を含む、
請求項1から9のいずれか1項に記載のトリプル相液晶素子。 - 液晶層はイオン性化合物を1重量%以下の比率でさらに含む、
請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載のトリプル相液晶素子。 - 第1状態で液晶層は垂直配向状態である、
請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載のトリプル相液晶素子。 - 第2状態で液晶層は水平配向、ツイスト配向またはハイブリッド配向状態である、
請求項1から12のいずれか1項に記載のトリプル相液晶素子。 - 第3状態で液晶層は電気流体力学的不安定状態である、
請求項1から13のいずれか1項に記載のトリプル相液晶素子。 - 液晶層を含むトリプル相液晶素子の製造方法であって、
前記液晶層内のイオン性化合物の比率は、1重量%以下であり、
前記液晶層の平行伝導度を1.0×10−4μS/cm以上に調節し、
前記トリプル相液晶素子が下記第1〜第3状態の間でスイッチングされ得、
前記スイッチングが同一周波数で電圧の大きさの変化により実行され、前記第1または第2状態の具現のための印加電圧(V1)と前記第3状態の具現のための印加電圧(V2)が下記の条件1を満足するようにする段階を含む、
トリプル相液晶素子の製造方法
(前記平行伝導度は、
前記液晶層の光軸と電場の方向が水平であるように電圧を印加した状態で前記電場の方向に沿って測定した値であり、
前記において、
測定周波数は60Hzであり、
測定電圧は0.5Vであり、
前記平行伝導度は、
面積が1cm2で、
厚さが1cmである液晶層への換算数値である。):
第1状態:直進光透過率が50%以上、ヘイズが5%以下である状態;
第2状態:直進光透過率が20%以上、ヘイズが5%以下である状態;
第3状態:直進光透過率が10%以下、ヘイズが80%以上である状態:
[条件1]
V1<V2。 - 平行伝導度が1.0×10−4μS/cm以上の液晶層を含むトリプル相液晶素子の駆動方法であって、
前記液晶層内のイオン性化合物の比率は、1重量%以下であり、
同一周波数で印加電圧の大きさを調節して前記トリプル相液晶素子が下記第1〜第3状態のうちいずれか一つの状態を具現し、前記第1または第2状態の具現のための印加電圧(V1)と前記第3状態の具現のための印加電圧(V2)が下記の条件1を満足するようにする段階を含む、
液晶素子の駆動方法
(前記平行伝導度は、
前記液晶層の光軸と電場の方向が水平であるように電圧を印加した状態で前記電場の方向に沿って測定した値であり、
前記において、
測定周波数は60Hzであり、
測定電圧は0.5Vであり、
前記平行伝導度は、
面積が1cm2で、
厚さが1cmである液晶層への換算数値である。):
第1状態:直進光透過率が50%以上、ヘイズが5%以下である状態;
第2状態:直進光透過率が20%以上、ヘイズが5%以下である状態;
第3状態:直進光透過率が10%以下、ヘイズが80%以上である状態:
[条件1]
V1<V2。 - 第1〜第3状態のうちいずれか一つの状態から第1〜第3状態中の他の状態にスイッチングされるように印加電圧の大きさを制御する段階をさらに含む、
請求項16に記載のトリプル相液晶素子の駆動方法。 - 請求項1から14のいずれか1項に記載されたトリプル相液晶素子を含む、
光変調装置。
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