JP6522309B2 - リチウム電池用コーティング分離膜、及びそれを含むリチウム電池 - Google Patents
リチウム電池用コーティング分離膜、及びそれを含むリチウム電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6522309B2 JP6522309B2 JP2014207708A JP2014207708A JP6522309B2 JP 6522309 B2 JP6522309 B2 JP 6522309B2 JP 2014207708 A JP2014207708 A JP 2014207708A JP 2014207708 A JP2014207708 A JP 2014207708A JP 6522309 B2 JP6522309 B2 JP 6522309B2
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- Prior art keywords
- separation membrane
- lithium battery
- coating
- polyethylene
- lithium
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 123
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 114
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 64
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 58
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 42
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 41
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 25
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- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052795 boron group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MPDDDPYHTMZBMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(triethyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC MPDDDPYHTMZBMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUNCEDRRUNZACO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(trimethyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](C)(C)C IUNCEDRRUNZACO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIFCGXKXFRLSAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(tripropyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC CIFCGXKXFRLSAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKMHIBVJYBMHNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl-diethyl-methylazanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](C)(CC)CC ZKMHIBVJYBMHNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWGWYOIABCECRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl-diethyl-propylazanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CC)(CC)CCC HWGWYOIABCECRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AILPSZWICOHGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl-dimethyl-propylazanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](C)(C)CCC AILPSZWICOHGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJBODIYZSOOKES-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl-ethyl-dimethylazanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](C)(C)CC VJBODIYZSOOKES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCVGGPYNPSMRFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl-ethyl-dipropylazanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CC)(CCC)CCC PCVGGPYNPSMRFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZHYULYUYJVOPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl-ethyl-methyl-propylazanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](C)(CC)CCC OZHYULYUYJVOPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFOAIWHJCBWDOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl-methyl-dipropylazanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](C)(CCC)CCC IFOAIWHJCBWDOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011329 calcined coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052800 carbon group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- NKCVNYJQLIWBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonodiperoxoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)OO NKCVNYJQLIWBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052798 chalcogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- BRCRFYDCLUTJRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)Cl BRCRFYDCLUTJRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005994 diacetyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- CDJLHQRURPECEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl(diethyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CC)(CC)CCCC CDJLHQRURPECEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZSHZKVWWZERHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl(dipropyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCCC JZSHZKVWWZERHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJHQDSMOYNLVLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl(dimethyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(C)CC ZJHQDSMOYNLVLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJABQHODPAEOFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl(dipropyl)azanium Chemical compound CCC[N+](CC)(CC)CCC PJABQHODPAEOFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSRKBDUROZKZBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl-methyl-propylazanium Chemical compound CCC[N+](C)(CC)CC KSRKBDUROZKZBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQHRRUZRGXLCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(dipropyl)azanium Chemical compound CCC[N+](C)(C)CCC WQHRRUZRGXLCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FRNYKUYJIUPPPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(tripropyl)azanium Chemical compound CCC[N+](CC)(CCC)CCC FRNYKUYJIUPPPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOZZQPFBMNNPPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-dimethyl-propylazanium Chemical compound CCC[N+](C)(C)CC ZOZZQPFBMNNPPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOMFVLRTMZWACQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyltrimethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(C)C YOMFVLRTMZWACQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001849 group 12 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021473 hassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006051 mesophase pitch carbide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UARUINOVQHEYKN-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl(tripropyl)azanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCC[N+](C)(CCC)CCC UARUINOVQHEYKN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052696 pnictogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021481 rutherfordium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021477 seaborgium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HJHUXWBTVVFLQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl(methyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](C)(CCCC)CCCC HJHUXWBTVVFLQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEACXNRNJAXIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(methyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(CC)CC SEACXNRNJAXIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
(1)コーティング分離膜の製造
分離膜基材として、厚み20μmのポリエチレン(PE)フィルム(東レ(株)、CF2035)を使用して、N−メチルピロリドン(NMP)に、NMP対比で8重量%のポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)、及びPVDF対比で3重量%のテトラエチルアンモニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート(Et4NPF6)を分散させてコーティング溶液を製造した後、ドクターブレードを利用して、前記コーティング溶液を、前記ポリエチレンフィルム両面にコーティングしてコーティングフィルムを形成した。前記コーティングフィルムの一面の厚みは、2μmであり、両面の全体厚は、4μmである。
LiCoO2組成の正極活物質粉末と、炭素導電剤(Super−P,Timcal Ltd)とを90:5の重量比で均一に混合した後、PVDFバインダ溶液を添加し、活物質:炭素導電剤:バインダ=90:5:5の重量比になるようにスラリーを製造した。15μm厚のアルミニウムホイル上に、前記活物質スラリーをコーティングした後、乾燥させて圧延して正極を製造した。ここで、前記正極極板の合剤密度は、5.1g/ccであった。
実施例1のコーティング分離膜において、Et4NPF6をPVDF対比で、7重量%で添加したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同一過程を実施し、コーティング分離膜及びリチウム電池を製造した。
実施例1のコーティング分離膜において、Et4NPF6をPVDF対比で、10重量%で添加したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同一過程を実施し、コーティング分離膜及びリチウム電池を製造した。
実施例1のコーティング分離膜において、Et4NPF6をPVDF対比で、50重量%で添加したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同一過程を実施し、コーティング分離膜及びリチウム電池を製造した。
実施例1のコーティング分離膜において、Et4NPF6の代わりに、テトラメチルアンモニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート(Me4NPF6)を添加したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同一過程を実施し、コーティング分離膜及びリチウム電池を製造した。
実施例1で、分離膜としてコーティングされていない20μmのポリエチレンフィルム(東レ(株)、CF2035)を使用したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同一過程を実施し、リチウム電池を製造した。
実施例1のコーティング分離膜において、Et4NPF6を添加せず、PVDF単独でポリエチレンフィルムをコーティングしたことを除いては、前記実施例1と同一過程を実施し、コーティング分離膜及びリチウム電池を製造した。
実施例1のコーティング分離膜において、Et4NPF6の代わりに、LiN(SO2CF3)2を添加したことを除いては、前記実施例1と同一過程を実施し、コーティング分離膜及びリチウム電池を製造した。
前記実施例1〜4及び比較例1,2のリチウム電池に使用された分離膜の正電荷量を測定し、その結果を下記表1に示した。正電荷量測定装置としては、Ion Systemの静電気測定装備(775PVS)を利用した。
それぞれの帯電防止機能を行う添加剤とPVDFとの混合コーティング液が分離膜基材にコーティングされた後、電解液に溶出する場合、セル特性に影響を及ぼすか否かということを確認するために、下記のようにテストセルを製造した後、酸化還元安定性(LSV)を比較評価した。
前記実施例1及び比較例1〜3で製造したリチウム電池に対して、下記のように寿命特性を評価した。
[数式1]
容量維持率[%]=[各サイクルでの放電容量/最初のサイクルでの放電容量]×100
23:正極層
24:分離膜コーティング層
25:電池容器
26:封入部材
30:リチウム電池
Claims (10)
- 前記ポリフッ化ビニリデン対比で、前記フッ素系四級アンモニウム塩の含量が0.5ないし50重量%であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム電池用コーティング分離膜。
- 前記分離膜コーティング層は、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリベンズイミダゾール、ポリイミド、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリビニルアルコール、カルボキシメチルセロース(CMC)、デンプン、ヒドロキシプロピルセロース、再生セロース、ポリビニルピロリドン、テトラフルオロエチレン、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリアニリン、アクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリフェニルスルフィド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリエチレンスルホン、ポリアミド、ポリアセタール、ポリフェニレンオキシド、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、エチレン−プロピレン−ジエンターポリマー(EPDM)、スルホン化EPDM、スチレンブタジエンゴム、フッ素ゴム、及びそれらの共重合体から選択される少なくとも1つのバインダ樹脂をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のリチウム電池用コーティング分離膜。
- 前記分離膜基材は、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリブチレン、ポリペンテン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、ポリエステル、ポリアセタール、ポリアミド、ポリカーボネート、ポリイミド、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリフェニレンオキシド、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリエチレンナフタレン及びガラスファイバからなる群から選択された1種以上の高分子から形成された多孔性基材であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム電池用コーティング分離膜。
- 前記分離膜基材は、ポリエチレンから形成された多孔性基材であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のリチウム電池用コーティング分離膜。
- 前記分離膜コーティング層の厚みが1ないし100μmであることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム電池用コーティング分離膜。
- 前記分離膜基材の厚みが1ないし300μmであることを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム電池用コーティング分離膜。
- 前記分離膜は、0.6kV以下の正電荷量を有することを特徴とする請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム電池用コーティング分離膜。
- 正極と、
負極と、
前記正極と前記負極との間に介在された、請求項1ないし8のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム電池用コーティング分離膜とを含む、リチウム電池。 - 前記リチウム電池は、リチウム二次電池である、請求項9に記載のリチウム電池。
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