JP6500893B2 - 非対称ガス分離膜、及びガスを分離回収する方法 - Google Patents
非対称ガス分離膜、及びガスを分離回収する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6500893B2 JP6500893B2 JP2016510447A JP2016510447A JP6500893B2 JP 6500893 B2 JP6500893 B2 JP 6500893B2 JP 2016510447 A JP2016510447 A JP 2016510447A JP 2016510447 A JP2016510447 A JP 2016510447A JP 6500893 B2 JP6500893 B2 JP 6500893B2
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- Prior art keywords
- gas
- separation membrane
- asymmetric
- chemical formula
- diamino
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 93
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 168
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 35
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- CFTSORNHIUMCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-phenylpropan-2-yl)benzene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=CC=C1 CFTSORNHIUMCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KEMGPCYBTHJENU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,8-dimethyldibenzothiophene-3,7-diamine Chemical compound S1C2=CC(N)=C(C)C=C2C2=C1C=C(N)C(C)=C2 KEMGPCYBTHJENU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LJGHYPLBDBRCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-aminophenyl)sulfonylaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(S(=O)(=O)C=2C=C(N)C=CC=2)=C1 LJGHYPLBDBRCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- PMXSWKCHEIPJMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene-3,7-diamine Chemical compound C12=CC=C(N)C(C)=C2SC2=C1C=CC(N)=C2C PMXSWKCHEIPJMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000008397 ginger Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
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- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 68
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 12
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 8
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
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- JVERADGGGBYHNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenylbenzene-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C(O)=O JVERADGGGBYHNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 6,6-diamino-2,8-dipropylthioxanthene-10,10-dione Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1mqpva Chemical compound CC12C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C)C1(C)C2(C)C(=O)OC1=O GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
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- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BCDKZKQJVUSXNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethyldibenzothiophene-3,7-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2C3=C(C)C(C)=C(N)C=C3SC2=C1 BCDKZKQJVUSXNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HFEPENYPELKAQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene-3,7-diamine Chemical compound S1C2=C(C)C(N)=CC=C2C2=C1C=C(N)C(C)=C2 HFEPENYPELKAQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CEMUATPQSGYWNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-diethyl-1-benzothiophene-3,7-diamine Chemical compound CCC1=CC=C2C(N)=C(CC)SC2=C1N CEMUATPQSGYWNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ALTBFIIIKMHUSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dipropyldibenzothiophene-3,7-diamine Chemical compound S1C2=C(CCC)C(N)=CC=C2C2=C1C=C(N)C(CCC)=C2 ALTBFIIIKMHUSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IVMKNKOXNQPIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-dimethoxydibenzothiophene-3,7-diamine Chemical compound S1C2=C(OC)C(N)=CC=C2C2=C1C(OC)=C(N)C=C2 IVMKNKOXNQPIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QTUPNQLYKZXIMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diamino-10,10-dioxothioxanthen-9-one Chemical class C1=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)C3=CC=C(N)C(N)=C3C(=O)C2=C1 QTUPNQLYKZXIMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZPBBGGSLVCAGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,7-diamino-10,10-dioxothioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)C3=CC=C(N)C=C3C(=O)C2=C1 ZPBBGGSLVCAGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QHHKLPCQTTWFSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[2-(1,3-dioxo-2-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl]-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC(C(C=2C=C3C(=O)OC(=O)C3=CC=2)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=C1 QHHKLPCQTTWFSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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Description
特許文献3に示されるガス分離膜は、実用的な機械特性を有しているものではなく、また、機械的特性の改良が望まれていた。
すなわち、テトラカルボン酸成分に起因する4価のユニットAは、Aの全量に対して10〜90モル%、好ましくは30〜70モル%の前記化学式(2)で示されるビフェニル構造からなるユニットと、5〜50モル%、好ましくは10〜40モル%の前記化学式(3)で示されるフェニル構造からなるユニットとからなる。また4価のユニットAは、Aの全量に対して、好ましくは10〜50モル%、更に好ましくは10〜40モル%の前記化学式(7)で示されるジフェニルヘキサフルオロプロパン構造からなるユニットを更に含む。ビフェニル構造が10モル%未満だと得られるポリイミドのガス分離性が低下することが多く、90モル%より多いと、ガス透過性が低下し、高性能ガス分離膜を得ることが難しくなる場合がある。フェニル構造が5モル%未満だと得られる非対称ポリイミドの強度や伸びが低く、実用的ではない場合がある。また50モル%より多いと、重合により得られるポリイミドがゲル化したり、また、得られるポリイミドの分離透過性が十分でなかったりすることがある。ジフェニルヘキサフルオロプロパン構造が50モル%を超える、得られるポリイミドのガス分離性能が低下して、高性能ガス分離膜を得ることが難しくなる場合がある。
前記化学式(2)で示されるビフェニル構造からなるユニットは、テトラカルボン酸成分として、ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸、その二無水物、又はそのエステル化物などのビフェニルテトラカルボン酸類を用いることによって得られる。前記ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸類としては、3,3’,4,4’−ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸、2,3,3’,4’−ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸、2,2’,3,3’−ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸、それらの二無水物、又はそれらのエステル化物を好適に用いることができるが、特に3,3’,4,4’−ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸、その二無水物、又はそのエステル化物が好適である。
前記化学式(3)で示されるフェニル構造からなるユニットは、テトラカルボン酸成分として、ピロメリット酸、その二無水物、又はそのエステル化物を用いることによって得られる。
前記化学式(7)で示されるジフェニルヘキサフルオロプロパン構造からなるユニットは、テトラカルボン酸成分として、4,4’−(ヘキサフルオロイソプロピリデン)ジフタル酸、その二無水物、又はそのエステル化物を用いることによって得られる。
ポリイミド溶液の溶液粘度は、回転粘度計(ローターのずり速度1.75sec-1)を用い温度100℃で測定した。
250℃で熱処理した中空糸膜を、引張試験機を用いて有効長20mm、引張速度10mm/分で測定した。破断面積は、引張前の中空糸の断面積を、光学顕微鏡を用いて寸法を測定して算出した。
(中空糸膜のシェルフィード法による混合ガス分離性能の測定)
10本の非対称中空糸膜と、ステンレスパイプと、エポキシ樹脂系接着剤とを使用して有効長が7cmの透過性能評価用のエレメントを作成し、これをステンレス容器に装着してペンシルモジュールとした。それに酸素と窒素を含む混合ガスを、50℃の温度、1MPaGの圧力で中空糸膜の外側に供給し、透過流量と透過ガス組成、非透過ガス流量と非透過ガス組成を測定した。測定した透過ガス流量、透過ガス組成、非透過ガス流量、非透過ガス組成、供給側圧力、透過側圧力及び有効膜面積からガスの透過速度を算出した。
(中空糸膜のシェルフィード法による純ガス分離性能の測定)
10本の非対称中空糸膜と、ステンレスパイプと、エポキシ樹脂系接着剤とを使用して有効長が7cmの透過性能評価用のエレメントを作成し、これをステンレス容器に装着してペンシルモジュールとした。それに透過対象ガスを、80℃の温度、1MPaGの圧力で中空糸膜の外側に供給し、透過流量を測定した。測定した透過ガス流量、供給側圧力、透過側圧力及び有効膜面積からガスの透過速度を算出した。
(中空糸膜の中空フィード法による混合ガス分離性能の測定)
10本の非対称中空糸膜と、ステンレスパイプと、エポキシ樹脂系接着剤とを使用して有効長が7cmの透過性能評価用のエレメントを作成し、これをステンレス容器に装着してペンシルモジュールとした。それに二酸化炭素とメタンを含む混合ガスを、60℃の温度、0.7MPaGの圧力で中空糸膜の内側に供給し、透過流量と透過ガス組成、非透過ガス流量と非透過ガス組成を測定した。測定した透過ガス流量、透過ガス組成、非透過ガス流量、非透過ガス組成、供給側圧力、透過側圧力及び有効膜面積からガスの透過速度を算出した。
(中空糸の中空フィード法による除湿性能の測定)
20本の中空糸膜と、ステンレスパイプと、エポキシ樹脂系接着剤とを使用して有効長が8cmの水蒸気透過性能評価用のエレメントを作成し、これをステンレス容器に装着してペンシルモジュールとした。このペンシルモジュールを30℃の温度、0.5MPaGの圧力で中空糸膜の中空側へ2800ppmの水蒸気を含む窒素ガスを一定量供給し、透過側である中空糸膜の外側に除湿したガスを一部流しながら水蒸気分離を行った。非透過ガス及び透過ガスの露点を鏡面式露点計で測定し水蒸気濃度を求め、各々の流量、供給側圧力、有効膜面積から水蒸気透過速度を算出した。
s−BPDA:3,3’,4,4’−ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物
6FDA:4,4’−(ヘキサフルオロイソプロピリデン)−ビス(無水フタル酸)
(なお、この化合物は2,2−ビス(3,4−ジカルボキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン二無水物ともいう。)
PMDA:ピロメリット酸二無水物
TSN:3,7−ジアミノ−2,8−ジメチルジベンゾチオフェン=5,5−ジオキシドを主成分とし、メチル基の位置が異なる異性体3,7−ジアミノ−2,6−ジメチルジベンゾチオフェン=5,5−ジオキシド、3,7−ジアミノ−4,6−ジメチルジベンゾチオフェン=5,5−ジオキシドを含む混合物
MASN:3,3’−ジアミノジフェニルスルホン
撹拌機と窒素ガス導入管が取り付けられたセパラブルフラスコに、s−BPDA 65ミリモルと、6FDA 25ミリモルと、PMDA 10ミリモルと、TSN 80ミリモルと、MASN 20ミリモルとを、ポリマー濃度が16重量%となるように溶媒のパラクロロフェノールと共に加え、窒素ガスをフラスコ内に流通させながら、撹拌下に反応温度190℃で約20時間重合イミド化反応を行い、ポリイミド濃度が16重量%の芳香族ポリイミド溶液を調製した。この芳香族ポリイミド溶液の100℃における溶液粘度は1358ポイズであった。
得られた非対称中空糸膜について機械的強度及びガス分離性能を測定した。ガス分離性能は参考例1に従い測定を行った。結果を表1に示す。
表1に示した組成の芳香族ポリイミドを用いること以外は実施例1と概略同様の方法で中空糸膜を形成し、機械的強度及びガス分離性能を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
表2に示した組成の芳香族ポリイミドを用いること以外は実施例1と同様に中空糸膜を形成し、機械的強度及びガス分離性能を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
ポリイミド濃度を18重量%とし、加熱処理温度を320℃とし、中空糸の外径を概略190μm、内径を120μmとした以外は、実施例1と概略同様の方法で中空糸膜を作成した。参考例2に従いHeガスとN2ガスの分離透過性能を測定したところ、P’He=55×10−5cm3(STP)/(cm2・sec・cmHg)、P’He/P’N2=87であった。
実施例6で作成した中空糸膜を用い、参考例3に従いCO2ガスとCH4ガスの分離透過性能を測定したところ、P’CO2=10×10−5cm3(STP)/(cm2・sec・cmHg)、P’CO2/P’CH4=35であった。
実施例6で作成した中空糸膜を用い、参考例4に従い中空糸の除湿性能を測定したところ、P’H2O=3.1×10−3cm3(STP)/(cm2・sec・cmHg)であった。
また、この発明の非対称中空糸ガス分離膜を用いれば、空気からの窒素製造、二酸化炭素ガスとメタンガスとを含む混合ガスからのメタン精製、水素ガスを含む混合ガスからの水素分離回収、ガスの除湿・加湿などを好適に行うことができる。
Claims (9)
- 下記化学式(1)で示される反復単位からなる可溶性の芳香族ポリイミドで形成されている非対称ガス分離膜。
〔但し、化学式(1)のAは、
その10〜95モル%が、下記化学式(2)で示されるビフェニル構造に基づく4価のユニットA1であり、
その5〜50モル%が、下記化学式(3)で示されるフェニル構造に基づく4価ユニットA2であり、
そして、化学式(1)のBは、
その40〜90モル%が、3,7−ジアミノ−2,8−ジメチルジベンゾチオフェン=5,5−ジオキシドを主成分とし、メチル基の位置が異なる異性体3,7−ジアミノ−2,6−ジメチルジベンゾチオフェン=5,5−ジオキシド、3,7−ジアミノ−4,6−ジメチルジベンゾチオフェン=5,5−ジオキシドを含む混合物からアミノ基を除いた2価のユニットであり、
その10〜60モル%が、3,3’−ジアミノジフェニルスルホンからアミノ基を除いた2価のユニットである。〕 - 酸素ガス透過速度(P’O2)が2.0×10−5cm3(STP)/(cm2・sec・cmHg)以上で且つ酸素ガス透過速度と窒素ガス透過速度との比(P’O2/P’N2)が6.0以上のガス分離性能を有する請求項1又は2に記載の非対称ガス分離膜。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の非対称ガス分離膜を用いて、複数のガスを含む混合ガスから特定のガスを選択的に分離回収する方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の非対称ガス分離膜を用いて、空気から窒素リッチガスを選択的に分離回収する方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の非対称ガス分離膜を用いて、二酸化炭素とメタンを含む混合ガスから二酸化炭素ガスを選択的に分離し、メタンリッチガスを回収する方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の非対称ガス分離膜を用いて、水素ガスを含む混合ガスから水素ガスを選択的に分離回収する方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の非対称ガス分離膜を用いて、水蒸気を含むガスから水蒸気を選択的に分離し、除湿したガスを回収する方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の非対称ガス分離膜を用いて、ガスを加湿して、加湿されたガスを回収する方法。
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