WO2010038810A1 - 非対称ガス分離膜、及びガス分離方法 - Google Patents
非対称ガス分離膜、及びガス分離方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010038810A1 WO2010038810A1 PCT/JP2009/067097 JP2009067097W WO2010038810A1 WO 2010038810 A1 WO2010038810 A1 WO 2010038810A1 JP 2009067097 W JP2009067097 W JP 2009067097W WO 2010038810 A1 WO2010038810 A1 WO 2010038810A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas separation
- separation membrane
- general formula
- asymmetric
- unit
- Prior art date
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- LJGHYPLBDBRCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-aminophenyl)sulfonylaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(S(=O)(=O)C=2C=C(N)C=CC=2)=C1 LJGHYPLBDBRCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBMISJGHVWNWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-aminophenoxy)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 ZBMISJGHVWNWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMPZWXKBGSQATE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(N)=C1 ZMPZWXKBGSQATE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKOFBUUFHALZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[(3-aminophenyl)methyl]aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(CC=2C=C(N)C=CC=2)=C1 CKOFBUUFHALZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULPWATNJVBJKGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[2-(3-amino-2-phenoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]-2-phenoxyaniline Chemical class C=1C=CC(N)=C(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(N)=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 ULPWATNJVBJKGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVXYMCJCMDTSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[2-(3-aminophenyl)propan-2-yl]aniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC(N)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(N)=C1 DVXYMCJCMDTSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLOZHWQYPZFUSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenoxy]aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=C1 KLOZHWQYPZFUSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYRFBMFAUFUULG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[4-[2-[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propan-2-yl]phenoxy]aniline Chemical compound C=1C=C(OC=2C=C(N)C=CC=2)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 NYRFBMFAUFUULG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNOJRWOWILAHAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1 MNOJRWOWILAHAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HORNXRXVQWOLPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 HORNXRXVQWOLPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVMKNKOXNQPIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-dimethoxydibenzothiophene-3,7-diamine Chemical compound S1C2=C(OC)C(N)=CC=C2C2=C1C(OC)=C(N)C=C2 IVMKNKOXNQPIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYEDGEXYGKWJPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-aminophenyl)propan-2-yl]aniline Chemical compound C=1C=C(N)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 ZYEDGEXYGKWJPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMKWGXGSGPYISJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-[2-[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propan-2-yl]phenoxy]aniline Chemical compound C=1C=C(OC=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 KMKWGXGSGPYISJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZFGOTFRPZRKDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 GZFGOTFRPZRKDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PINAULFSGVXTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-dioxo-2,8-dipropyldibenzothiophene-3,7-diamine Chemical compound C12=CC(CCC)=C(N)C=C2S(=O)(=O)C2=C1C=C(CCC)C(N)=C2 PINAULFSGVXTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPCNDGPUJSVBIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-2-(4-amino-2-hydroxyphenyl)phenol Chemical group OC1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1O YPCNDGPUJSVBIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dapsone Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUAKHGWARZSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N‐diethylformamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C=O SUAKHGWARZSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TUQQUUXMCKXGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(3-aminophenyl)methanone Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(C(=O)C=2C=C(N)C=CC=2)=C1 TUQQUUXMCKXGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLSMCQSGRWNEGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-aminophenyl)methanone Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 ZLSMCQSGRWNEGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- ZZTCPWRAHWXWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethanediamine Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C(N)(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZTCPWRAHWXWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylacetamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(C)=O AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000879 optical micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004986 phenylenediamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005575 poly(amic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001755 resorcinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004992 toluidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002256 xylenyl group Chemical class C1(C(C=CC=C1)C)(C)* 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1039—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors comprising halogen-containing substituents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/021—Manufacturing thereof
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- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/021—Manufacturing thereof
- B01D63/0232—Manufacturing thereof using hollow fibers mats as precursor, e.g. wound or pleated mats
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
- B01D69/087—Details relating to the spinning process
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- B01D69/087—Details relating to the spinning process
- B01D69/0871—Fibre guidance after spinning through the manufacturing apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/58—Other polymers having nitrogen in the main chain, with or without oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/62—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain
- B01D71/64—Polyimides; Polyamide-imides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1042—Copolyimides derived from at least two different tetracarboxylic compounds or two different diamino compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G73/1046—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1046—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
- C08G73/105—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain with oxygen only in the diamino moiety
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1057—Polyimides containing other atoms than carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen or oxygen in the main chain
- C08G73/1064—Polyimides containing other atoms than carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen or oxygen in the main chain containing sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1067—Wholly aromatic polyimides, i.e. having both tetracarboxylic and diamino moieties aromatically bound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1067—Wholly aromatic polyimides, i.e. having both tetracarboxylic and diamino moieties aromatically bound
- C08G73/1071—Wholly aromatic polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/10—Single element gases other than halogens
- B01D2257/104—Oxygen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D2257/108—Hydrogen
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- B01D2257/11—Noble gases
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- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
- B01D2257/7022—Aliphatic hydrocarbons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/24—Mechanical properties, e.g. strength
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/151—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2
Definitions
- the present invention uses an asymmetric gas separation membrane formed of a soluble aromatic polyimide composed of a specific repeating unit, having excellent gas separation performance and improved mechanical properties, and the asymmetric gas separation membrane.
- the present invention relates to a gas separation method.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing a gas separation membrane using a soluble aromatic polyimide obtained from a tetracarboxylic acid component containing biphenyltetracarboxylic acid as a main component and a diamine component having a sulfone group in the molecule.
- Patent Document 1 does not describe the use of biphenyltetracarboxylic acid as a tetracarboxylic acid component in combination with 4,4 '-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic acid.
- Patent Document 2 a tetracarboxylic acid component mainly composed of biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, a diamine having a —SO 2 — group in the molecule, a diamine having a —C (CF 3 ) 2 — group in the molecule, and A method for producing a two-layer gas separation membrane using a soluble aromatic polyimide obtained from a diamine component comprising:
- Patent Document 2 describes the use of biphenyltetracarboxylic acid as a tetracarboxylic acid component in combination with 4,4 ′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic acid, and an asymmetric gas separation membrane having a uniform composition. There is no.
- a gas separation hollow fiber membrane made of an aromatic polyimide whose main component is a diamine component. This gas separation hollow fiber membrane has good gas separation performance, such as the ratio of the oxygen gas permeation rate to the nitrogen gas permeation rate (separation), but the mechanical properties as a hollow fiber membrane There was room for improvement.
- Patent Document 3 describes that it is preferable to use an aromatic diamine compound having a plurality of benzene rings in combination with a diamine such as diaminodiphenylene sulfones.
- a diamine such as diaminodiphenylene sulfones.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an asymmetric gas separation membrane formed of a soluble aromatic polyimide composed of specific repeating units, having improved gas separation performance and improved mechanical properties, and the asymmetric gas separation membrane. It is an object to provide a gas separation method using a gas.
- the asymmetric gas separation membrane of the present invention is excellent in gas separation performance between oxygen gas and nitrogen gas, and also has excellent mechanical characteristics. Therefore, nitrogen-enriched air in which the concentration of nitrogen is increased from air or oxygen in which the concentration of oxygen is increased. It can be suitably used to obtain enriched air.
- the present invention relates to the following matters.
- An asymmetric gas separation membrane characterized by being formed of a soluble aromatic polyimide composed of repeating units represented by the following general formula (1).
- B in the general formula (1) is 10 to 70 mol% of a tetravalent unit B1 based on a diphenylhexafluoropropane structure represented by the following general formula (B1), and 90 to 30 mol% of a biphenyl structure represented by the following general formula (B2)
- Tetravalent unit B2 Containing A in the general formula (1) is 10 to 50 mol% of a divalent unit A1 based on a hexafluoro-substituted structure selected from the group consisting of a unit represented by the following general formula (A1a) and a unit represented by (A1b), and 90 to 30 mol%
- r is 0 or 1
- the phenyl ring may be substituted with an OH group.
- R and R ′ are a hydrogen atom or an organic group, and n is 0, 1 or 2.
- R and R ′ are a hydrogen atom or an organic group, and X is —CH 2 — or —CO—.
- the unit A1 is 2,2-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis (4-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis (3-amino-4) -Hydroxy) hexafluoropropane, 2,2'-bis (trifluoromethyl) -4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2'-bis (trifluoromethyl) -4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, and their 2.
- the asymmetric gas separation membrane according to 1 above which is a divalent unit obtained by removing an amino group from a compound selected from the group consisting of a combination of compounds.
- a in the general formula (1) contains a divalent unit A3 derived from a diamine component other than the units A1 and A2 in an amount of 50 mol% or less.
- the oxygen gas transmission rate (P ′ O2 ) is 6.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 cm 3 (STP) / cm 2 ⁇ sec ⁇ cmHg or more, and the ratio between the oxygen gas transmission rate and the nitrogen gas transmission rate (P ′ O2 / P 9.
- an asymmetric hollow fiber gas separation membrane having high gas separation performance for example, high gas separation performance of oxygen gas and nitrogen gas
- the asymmetric gas separation membrane of the present invention is excellent in gas separation performance between oxygen gas and nitrogen gas, nitrogen-enriched air with increased nitrogen concentration or oxygen-enriched air with increased oxygen concentration is obtained from air. It can be used suitably.
- a separation membrane having excellent performance can be obtained from a polyimide solution using an amide solvent, an asymmetric membrane manufacturing process using an aqueous solvent as a coagulating liquid is possible, and process equipment is simplified. be able to.
- the present invention is formed of a soluble aromatic polyimide composed of a specific repeating unit, and is an extremely thin dense layer (preferably having a thickness of 0.001 to 5 ⁇ m) mainly responsible for gas separation performance and a relatively thick supporting the dense layer.
- An asymmetric gas separation membrane having an asymmetric structure consisting of a porous layer (preferably having a thickness of 10 to 2000 ⁇ m) and having improved gas separation performance.
- the hollow fiber membrane has an inner diameter of 10 to 3000 ⁇ m and an outer diameter of about 30 to 7000 ⁇ m.
- the aromatic polyimide forming the asymmetric gas separation membrane of the present invention is represented by the repeating unit of the general formula (1).
- B is a tetravalent unit resulting from the tetracarboxylic acid component, and includes units B1 and B2 described below as essential components.
- A is a divalent unit derived from the diamine component, and includes units A1 and A2 described below as essential components. Therefore, the aromatic polyimide forming the asymmetric gas separation membrane of the present invention includes the units B1, B2, A1, and A2 as essential constituent units. The units constituting the aromatic polyimide will be described in detail below.
- Unit B is a tetravalent unit derived from a tetracarboxylic acid component, and is a unit B1 having a diphenylhexafluoropropane structure represented by the general formula (B1) of 10 to 70 mol%, preferably 20 to 60 mol%. 90 to 30 mol%, preferably 80 to 40 mol%, of unit B2 having the biphenyl structure represented by the general formula (B2), and preferably substantially consisting of unit B1 and unit B2.
- the diphenylhexafluoropropane structure is less than 10 mol% and the biphenyl structure exceeds 90 mol%, the gas separation performance of the resulting polyimide is lowered, making it difficult to obtain a high performance gas separation membrane.
- the diphenylhexafluoropropane structure exceeds 70 mol% and the biphenyl structure is less than 30 mol%, the mechanical strength of the resulting polyimide may be reduced.
- Unit A is a divalent unit derived from a diamine component, and is 10 to 50 mol%, preferably 20 to 40 mol% of a divalent unit A1 based on a hexafluoro-substituted structure, 90 to 30 mol%, Preferably, it contains 90 to 40 mol%, more preferably 90 to 50 mol%, and still more preferably 80 to 60 mol% of a divalent unit A2 based on a sulfur-containing heterocyclic structure. If the divalent unit A1 based on the hexafluoro-substituted structure is less than 10 mol% and exceeds 50 mol%, the gas separation performance cannot be improved. Furthermore, the unit A can contain a divalent unit A3 derived from other diamine components other than the units A1 and A2 in an amount of 50 mol% or less (that is, 0 to 50 mol%).
- the unit A1 is a hexafluoro-substituted structure, more specifically, a structure having two trifluoromethyl groups, and a group consisting of units represented by the following general formula (A1a) and units represented by (A1b) More selected.
- r is 0 or 1
- the phenyl ring may be substituted with an OH group.
- Unit A2 is selected from the group consisting of sulfur-containing heterocyclic structures, specifically, units represented by the following general formula (A2a) and units represented by (A2b).
- R and R ′ are a hydrogen atom or an organic group, and n is 0, 1 or 2.
- R and R ′ are a hydrogen atom or an organic group, and X is —CH 2 — or —CO—.
- the monomer component constituting each unit of the aromatic polyimide will be described.
- the unit having a diphenylhexafluoropropane structure represented by the general formula (B1) can be obtained by using (hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic acid, a dianhydride thereof, or an esterified product thereof as a tetracarboxylic acid component.
- Examples of the (hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic acids include 4,4 ′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic acid, 3,3 ′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic acid, and 3,4 ′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene).
- Diphthalic acid, dianhydrides thereof, or esterified products thereof can be preferably used, but 4,4 ′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic acid, dianhydrides thereof, or esterified products thereof are particularly preferable. It is.
- the unit having a biphenyl structure represented by the general formula (B2) is obtained by using biphenyltetracarboxylic acids such as biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, dianhydrides thereof, or esterified products thereof as a tetracarboxylic acid component.
- biphenyltetracarboxylic acids include 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, 2,3,3 ′, 4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, and 2,2 ′, 3,3′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid.
- Carboxylic acids, dianhydrides thereof, or esterified products thereof can be preferably used, but 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, dianhydrides thereof, or esterified products thereof are particularly preferable. It is.
- the divalent unit represented by the general formula (A1a) can be obtained by using hexafluoro-substituted compounds represented by the general formula (A1a-M) as the diamine component.
- Preferred compounds of the hexafluoro-substituted compounds represented by (A1a-M) are general formulas (A1a-M1) to (A1a-M3):
- Examples of bis [(aminophenoxy) phenyl] hexafluoropropanes represented by the general formula (A1a-M1) include 2,2-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] hexafluoropropane, 2,2 There may be mentioned -bis [4- (3-aminophenoxy) phenyl] hexafluoropropane.
- Examples of the bis (aminophenyl) hexafluoropropanes represented by the general formula (A1a-M2) include 2,2-bis (4-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane.
- Examples of the hydroxyl group-substituted bis (aminophenyl) hexafluoropropanes represented by the general formula (A1a-M3) include 2,2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxy) hexafluoropropane.
- the divalent unit represented by the general formula (A1b) can be obtained by using hexafluoro-substituted compounds represented by the general formula (A1b-M) as the diamine component.
- Examples of the diamine compounds represented by the general formula (A1b-M) include 2,2′-bis (trifluoromethyl) -4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether and 2,2′-bis (trifluoromethyl). -4,4'-diaminobiphenyl and the like.
- the unit having the structure represented by the general formula (A2a) or the general formula (A2b) has, as the diamine component, an aromatic represented by the following general formula (A2a-M) and general formula (A2b-M), respectively. It is obtained by using a group diamine.
- R and R ′ are a hydrogen atom or an organic group, and n is 0, 1 or 2.
- R and R ′ are a hydrogen atom or an organic group, and X is —CH 2 — or —CO—.
- R and R ′ are a hydrogen atom or an organic group.
- R and R ′ are a hydrogen atom or an organic group.
- diaminodibenzothiophenes examples include 3,7-diamino-2,8-dimethyldibenzothiophene, 3,7-diamino-2,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene, 3,7 -Diamino-4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene, 2,8-diamino-3,7-dimethyldibenzothiophene, 3,7-diamino-2,8-diethyldibenzothiophene, 3,7-diamino-2,6-diethyl Dibenzothiophene, 3,7-diamino-4,6-diethyldibenzothiophene, 3,7-diamino-2,8-dipropyldibenzothiophene, 3,7-diamino-2,6-dipropyldibenzothiophene, 3,7 -Diamino-2,8-dipropyldi
- the diaminothioxanthene-10,10-diones where X is —CH 2 — include, for example, 3,6-diaminothioxanthene-10,10-dione, 2,7 -Diaminothioxanthene-10,10-dione, 3,6-diamino-2,7-dimethylthioxanthene-10,10-dione, 3,6-diamino-2,8-diethyl-thioxanthene-10,10- Examples thereof include dione, 3,6-diamino-2,8-dipropylthioxanthene-10,10-dione, 3,6-diamino-2,8-dimethoxythioxanthene-10,10-dione, and the like.
- X is —CO—
- examples of the diaminothioxanthene-9,10,10-trione include 3,6-diamino-thioxanthene-9,10,10-trione. 2,7-diamino-thioxanthene-9,10,10-trione and the like.
- 3,7-diamino-dimethyldibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide means any isomer having a different methyl group position or a mixture of these isomers.
- 3,7-diamino-2,8-dimethyldibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide
- 3,7-diamino-2,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide
- diamine components that give unit A3 are diamine compounds other than the compounds represented by formula (A1a-M), formula (A1b-M), formula (A2a-M), and formula (A2b-M). In some cases, a compound that can further improve the performance is selected.
- diaminodiphenyl sulfones such as 3,3′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 3,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, and 4,4′-diamino-3,3′-dimethyldiphenyl sulfone ; 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,3'-diethoxy-4,4 ' -Diaminodiphenyl ethers such as diaminodiphenyl ether; Diaminodiphenylmethanes such as 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3′-diaminodiphen
- diaminodiphenyl sulfones diaminodiphenyl ethers, diaminobenzoic acids, dichlorodiaminodiphenyl ethers, and dihydroxydiaminobiphenyls are preferable.
- the diamine compound giving unit A3 can be used in the diamine component as described above in a range of up to 50 mol%. Preferably it is 40 mol% or less, More preferably, it is 20 mol% or less. Diaminodiphenyl ethers such as 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether can be contained in a relatively large amount, and can be preferably used in a range of up to 50 mol%, preferably in a range of 45 mol%.
- the tetracarboxylic acid component is also a small amount of monomer components other than the unit B1 and unit B2 within the range in which the effect of the present invention can be maintained (usually). 20 mol% or less, particularly 10 mol% or less), but it is also preferable not to use other tetracarboxylic acid compounds.
- the aromatic polyimide that forms the asymmetric gas separation membrane of the present invention has excellent solubility in an organic polar solvent, and is polymerized in an organic polar solvent using approximately equimolar amounts of the aforementioned tetracarboxylic acid component and diamine component. It can be easily obtained as an aromatic polyimide solution having a high degree of polymerization by imidization. As a result, an asymmetric hollow fiber membrane can be suitably obtained by dry-wet spinning using this aromatic polyimide solution.
- the aromatic polyimide solution is prepared by adding a tetracarboxylic acid component and a diamine component in an organic polar solvent at a predetermined composition ratio, causing a polymerization reaction at a low temperature of about room temperature to produce a polyamic acid, and then heating to form a heated imide.
- a chemical imidization by adding pyridine or the like, or a tetracarboxylic acid component and a diamine component are added in a predetermined composition ratio in an organic polar solvent, and 100 to 250 ° C., preferably 130 to 200 ° C. It is suitably carried out by a one-stage method in which a polymerization imidization reaction is performed at a high temperature.
- the amount of the tetracarboxylic acid component and diamine component used in the organic polar solvent is such that the polyimide concentration in the solvent is about 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 5 to 40% by weight.
- the aromatic polyimide solution obtained by polymerization imidization can be directly used for spinning.
- the obtained aromatic polyimide solution is put into a solvent insoluble in aromatic polyimide to precipitate and isolate the aromatic polyimide, and then dissolved again in an organic polar solvent to a predetermined concentration. It is also possible to prepare an aromatic polyimide solution and use it for spinning.
- the aromatic polyimide solution used for spinning preferably has a polyimide concentration of 5 to 40% by weight, more preferably 8 to 25% by weight, and the solution viscosity (rotational viscosity) is preferably 100 to 15000 poise at 100 ° C. It is preferably 200 to 10,000 poise, particularly 300 to 5000 poise. If the solution viscosity is less than 100 poise, a homogeneous film (film) may be obtained, but it is difficult to obtain an asymmetric film having high mechanical strength. On the other hand, if it exceeds 15000 poise, it is difficult to push out from the spinning nozzle, so it is difficult to obtain an asymmetric hollow fiber membrane having the desired shape.
- the organic polar solvent is not limited as long as the aromatic polyimide obtained can be suitably dissolved.
- phenols such as phenol, cresol, and xylenol, and two hydroxyl groups directly on the benzene ring.
- Catechols, catechols such as resorcin, halogens such as 3-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol (same as parachlorophenol described later), 3-bromophenol, 4-bromophenol, 2-chloro-5-hydroxytoluene
- Phenolic solvents comprising fluorinated phenols or the like, or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-diethylformamide, N, N-dimethyl Acetamide, N, N-diethylacetamide, etc.
- Amide solvents consisting earths or a mixed solvent thereof and the like can be preferably exemp
- the polyimide for gas separation membrane of the present invention can easily increase the degree of polymerization by polymerization imidization in an amide solvent.
- the polyimide asymmetric gas separation membrane of the present invention can be suitably obtained by spinning by a dry-wet method (dry-wet spinning method) using the aromatic polyimide solution.
- dry-wet spinning method the solvent on the surface of the polymer solution in the form of a hollow fiber is evaporated to form a thin dense layer (separation layer), and further, the coagulation liquid (compatible with the solvent of the polymer solution and the polymer is insoluble).
- This is a method (phase conversion method) in which a porous layer (support layer) is formed by forming micropores by using a phase separation phenomenon that occurs in the solvent), and proposed by Loeb et al. 3133132).
- the dry-wet spinning method is a method of forming a hollow fiber membrane by a dry-wet method using a spinning nozzle, and is described in, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 3.
- the spinning nozzle only needs to extrude the aromatic polyimide solution into the hollow fiber-like body, and a tube-in-orifice nozzle or the like is preferable.
- the temperature range of the aromatic polyimide solution during extrusion is preferably about 20 ° C. to 150 ° C., particularly 30 ° C. to 120 ° C. Further, spinning is performed while supplying a gas or a liquid into the hollow fiber-like body extruded from the nozzle.
- the coagulation liquid preferably does not substantially dissolve the aromatic polyimide component and is compatible with the solvent of the aromatic polyimide solution.
- water, lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propyl alcohol, ketones having a lower alkyl group such as acetone, diethyl ketone and methyl ethyl ketone, or mixtures thereof are preferably used. It is done.
- the solvent of the aromatic polyimide solution is an amide solvent
- an aqueous solution of an amide solvent is also preferable.
- a preferred coagulating liquid in the present invention is water, ethanol, an aqueous ethanol solution, or an aqueous solution of an amide solvent. Particularly preferred is water, an aqueous ethanol solution, or an aqueous solution of an amide solvent.
- the aromatic polyimide solution discharged from the nozzle into a hollow fiber shape is immersed in a primary coagulation liquid that solidifies to such an extent that the shape can be maintained, and then immersed in a secondary coagulation liquid for complete coagulation.
- the primary coagulating liquid and the secondary coagulating liquid may be the same coagulating liquid or different coagulating liquids.
- the coagulated hollow fiber separation membrane is preferably subjected to solvent substitution with a coagulating liquid using a solvent such as hydrocarbon, dried, and further subjected to heat treatment.
- the heat treatment is preferably performed at a temperature lower than the softening point or secondary transition point of the aromatic polyimide used.
- a satisfactory gas is obtained from an asymmetric membrane obtained by spinning a solution obtained by dissolving a polyimide in an amide solvent by a dry and wet method.
- separation performance could not be obtained.
- the aromatic polyimide forming the asymmetric gas separation membrane of the present invention is excellent even in a membrane that is spun by a dry-wet method using water or an aqueous solvent as a coagulating liquid from a polyimide solution using an amide solvent as an organic polar solvent.
- the aqueous solvent in the present invention means an aqueous solution of an organic solvent containing 40% by weight or more, preferably 50% by weight or more, and more preferably 60% by weight or more.
- the aqueous solvent cannot be used as the coagulation liquid because the phenolic solvent and the aqueous solvent are not compatible. It is necessary to use an organic solvent.
- a phenolic solvent for example, parachlorophenol
- a production process using water or an aqueous solvent can be performed as a coagulating liquid in a dry and wet method, compared with a case where a high concentration organic solvent is used in the coagulation bath.
- Equipment related to the process can be simplified. Specifically, when the coagulation bath is water-based, facilities necessary for ensuring safety such as explosion prevention can be simplified. Also, by using an aqueous coagulation bath, emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) is reduced.
- VOC volatile organic compounds
- the asymmetric gas separation membrane of the present invention comprises an extremely thin dense layer (preferably having a thickness of 0.001 to 5 ⁇ m) mainly responsible for gas separation performance and a relatively thick porous layer (preferably having a thickness of 10) that supports the dense layer.
- a hollow fiber membrane having an inner diameter of 10 to 3000 ⁇ m and an outer diameter of about 30 to 7000 ⁇ m is preferable. That is, the asymmetric gas separation membrane of the present invention preferably has an oxygen gas transmission rate (P ′ O2 ) at 50 ° C.
- the ratio of oxygen gas transmission rate to nitrogen gas transmission rate is 3.5 or more, Preferably it is 4.0 or more, More preferably, it is 4.5 or more. Note that the ratio of the transmission speed is usually larger at low temperatures.
- the tensile breaking strength of the hollow fiber membrane 2.5 kgf / mm 2 or more, preferably 3 kgf / mm 2 or more, more preferably 4 kgf / mm 2 or more, and particularly tensile elongation at break of the hollow fiber membranes 10 % Or more, preferably 15% or more.
- the asymmetric gas separation membrane of the present invention can be suitably used in a modular form.
- a normal gas separation membrane module for example, bundles about 100 to 1,000,000 hollow fiber membranes of an appropriate length, with both ends of the hollow fiber bundle in a state where at least one end of the hollow fiber is kept open.
- the hollow fiber membrane element consisting of a hollow fiber bundle and a tube sheet, etc., fixed with a tube plate made of a thermosetting resin or the like, is at least mixed gas introduction port, permeation gas discharge port, and non-permeation gas It is obtained by storing and attaching in a container having a discharge port so that the space leading to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane and the space leading to the outside of the hollow fiber membrane are isolated.
- a mixed gas is supplied from a mixed gas inlet to a space in contact with the inside or outside of the hollow fiber membrane, and specific components in the mixed gas are selectively selected while flowing in contact with the hollow fiber membrane. Gas separation is performed by allowing the permeate gas to permeate the membrane and the non-permeate gas that has not permeated the membrane to be discharged from the non-permeate gas outlet.
- the asymmetric gas separation membrane of the present invention can separate and recover various gas species with high resolution (permeation rate ratio).
- a high degree of separation is preferable because a desired gas recovery rate can be increased.
- the gas species that can be separated can be suitably used for separation and recovery of hydrogen gas, helium gas, carbon dioxide gas, hydrocarbon gas such as methane and ethane, oxygen gas, nitrogen gas and the like.
- it can be suitably used to obtain nitrogen-enriched air with increased nitrogen concentration or oxygen-enriched air with increased oxygen concentration from air.
- PCP parachlorophenol NMP: N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- Example 1 In a separable flask equipped with a stirrer and a nitrogen gas inlet tube, 40 mmol of 6FDA, 60 mmol of BPDA, 20 mmol of HFBAPP, 40 mmol of TSN, and 40 mmol of DADE, the polymer concentration becomes 22% by weight. In this way, while adding NMP as a solvent and allowing nitrogen gas to flow through the flask, a polymerization imidization reaction was performed at a reaction temperature of 190 ° C. for 14 hours with stirring to prepare an aromatic polyimide solution having a polyimide concentration of 22% by weight. The solution viscosity at 100 ° C. of this aromatic polyimide solution was 554 poise.
- the prepared aromatic polyimide solution is filtered through a 400-mesh wire mesh, and this is used as a dope solution by using a spinning device equipped with a hollow fiber spinning nozzle (circular opening outer diameter 1000 ⁇ m).
- a dope solution is discharged from a circular opening having a circular opening slit width of 200 ⁇ m and a core opening outer diameter of 400 ⁇ m, and at the same time, nitrogen gas is discharged from the core opening to form a hollow fiber-like body in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the secondary coagulation liquid (30 ° C., 20 wt% NMP aqueous solution) in the secondary coagulation apparatus provided with a pair of guide rolls is immersed in the primary coagulation liquid (30 ° C., 20 wt% NMP aqueous solution).
- the hollow fiber state was solidified by reciprocating between the guide rolls and taken up at a take-up speed of 10 m / min by a take-up roll to obtain a wet hollow fiber membrane.
- the hollow fiber membrane was then desolvated with water, water was replaced with ethanol, ethanol was further replaced with isooctane, and then heated at 100 ° C. to evaporate and dry isooctane, followed by heat treatment at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- a hollow fiber membrane was obtained.
- All of the obtained hollow fiber membranes generally had an outer diameter of 400 ⁇ m and an inner diameter of 200 ⁇ m.
- a yarn bundle element was formed from the hollow fiber membranes, and then a gas separation membrane module was formed from the yarn bundle elements of the respective hollow fiber membranes.
- the gas permeation performance and mechanical properties of this hollow fiber membrane were measured by the above methods. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 5 In a separable flask equipped with a stirrer and a nitrogen gas inlet tube, 40 mmol of BPDA, 60 mmol of 6FDA, 70 mmol of TSN, and 30 mmol of HFBAPP were added to the PCP of the solvent so that the polymer concentration was 17 wt%. In addition, while allowing nitrogen gas to flow through the flask, a polymerization imidization reaction was performed with stirring at a reaction temperature of 190 ° C. for 14 hours to prepare an aromatic polyimide solution having a polyimide concentration of 17% by weight. The solution viscosity at 100 ° C. of this aromatic polyimide solution was 1376 poise.
- the prepared aromatic polyimide solution is filtered through a 400-mesh wire mesh, and this is used as a dope solution by using a spinning device equipped with a hollow fiber spinning nozzle (circular opening outer diameter 1000 ⁇ m).
- a dope solution is discharged from a circular opening having a circular opening slit width of 200 ⁇ m and a core opening outer diameter of 400 ⁇ m, and at the same time, nitrogen gas is discharged from the core opening to form a hollow fiber-like body in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the secondary coagulation liquid (0 ° C., 75 wt% ethanol aqueous solution) in the secondary coagulation apparatus provided with a pair of guide rolls is immersed in the primary coagulation liquid (0 ° C., 75 wt% ethanol aqueous solution).
- the hollow fiber state was solidified by reciprocating between the guide rolls and taken up at a take-up speed of 10 m / min by a take-up roll to obtain a wet hollow fiber membrane.
- this hollow fiber membrane was desolvated with ethanol, ethanol was replaced with isooctane, further heated at 100 ° C. to evaporate and dry isooctane, and further heated at 250 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a hollow fiber membrane. It was.
- Each of the obtained hollow fiber membranes generally had an outer diameter of 400 ⁇ m and an inner diameter of 200 ⁇ m.
- a yarn bundle element was formed from the hollow fiber membranes, and then a gas separation membrane module was formed from the yarn bundle elements of the respective hollow fiber membranes.
- the gas permeation performance and mechanical properties of this hollow fiber membrane were measured by the above methods. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Examples 2 to 4, 6 to 22 The same procedure as in Example 1 was conducted except that a tetracarboxylic acid component and a diamine component having the types and compositions shown in Table 1 were used, and the solvents shown in Table 1 were used so that the concentrations shown in Table 1 were obtained.
- a solution of each aromatic polyimide was prepared.
- a coagulating liquid shown in Table 1 is used, and finally a heat treatment is performed at the temperature shown in Table 1 to create a hollow fiber membrane.
- a gas separation membrane module was formed from the yarn bundle elements of the respective hollow fiber membranes.
- Example 18 using PCP as a solvent, a hollow fiber membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5, a yarn bundle element was formed from the hollow fiber membrane, and then the yarn bundle element of each of these hollow fiber membranes From this, a gas separation membrane module was formed.
- the gas permeation performance and mechanical properties of these hollow fiber membranes were measured by the methods described above. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 1 or Example except that a tetracarboxylic acid component and a diamine component having the types and compositions shown in Table 1 were used, and the solvents shown in Table 1 were used so that the concentrations shown in Table 1 were obtained.
- a solution of each aromatic polyimide was prepared.
- NMP as a solvent
- hollow fiber membranes under the conditions shown in Table 1 were used.
- a yarn bundle element was formed from the hollow fiber membranes, and then a gas separation membrane module was formed from the yarn bundle elements of the respective hollow fiber membranes.
- the gas permeation performance and mechanical properties of these hollow fiber membranes were measured by the methods described above. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Comparative Example 1 does not contain unit A2 and has a poor separation performance, ie the ratio of oxygen gas permeation rate to nitrogen gas permeation rate (P ′ O2 / P ′ N2 ).
- -Comparative Example 2 does not contain the unit A2 in the same manner, the oxygen gas transmission rate ( P'O2 ) is inferior, and practical separation is impossible.
- Comparative Example 3 is impractical because the content of unit A1 is excessive beyond the specified range, the separation performance (P ′ O2 / P ′ N2 ) is inferior, and the tensile strength at break is insufficient.
- Comparative Example 4 does not contain unit A1, has a poor oxygen gas permeation rate (P ′ O2 ), and is particularly impractical because the tensile elongation at break is insufficient.
- -Comparative Example 5 is impractical because the contents of Unit B1 and Unit B2 are outside the specified range, the separation performance ( P'O2 / P'N2 ) is poor, and the tensile strength at break is insufficient.
- Comparative Example 6 does not contain unit A1, has a poor oxygen gas permeation rate (P ′ O2 ), and is particularly impractical because the tensile elongation at break is insufficient.
- Comparative Example 7 does not contain unit B1, has an extremely poor oxygen gas permeation rate (P ′ O2 ), and has insufficient separation performance (P ′ O2 / P ′ N2 ). Comparative Example 8 does not contain unit A1, and the oxygen gas transmission rate (P ′ O2 ) is remarkably inferior. -Comparative Example 9 does not contain unit A1, and the polymerizability with an amide solvent is remarkably inferior.
- an asymmetric gas separation membrane having high gas separation performance, for example, high gas separation performance of oxygen gas and nitrogen gas or helium gas and nitrogen gas, and further maintaining mechanical characteristics.
Abstract
Description
〔但し、一般式(1)のBは、
10~70モル%の、下記一般式(B1)で示されるジフェニルヘキサフルオロプロパン構造に基づく4価のユニットB1、および
90~30モル%の、下記一般式(B2)で示されるビフェニル構造に基づく4価のユニットB2
を含有し、
一般式(1)のAは、
10~50モル%の、下記一般式(A1a)で示されるユニットおよび(A1b)で示されるユニットからなる群より選ばれるヘキサフルオロ置換構造に基づく2価のユニットA1、および
90~30モル%の、下記一般式(A2a)で示される2価のユニット及び下記一般式(A2b)で示される2価のユニットからなる群より選ばれる含硫黄ヘテロ環構造に基づく2価のユニットA2を含有する。
(式中、R及びR’は水素原子又は有機基であり、Xは-CH2-又は-CO-である。)
〕
2. 前記ユニットA1が2,2-ビス〔4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル〕ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシ)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)-4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、およびこれらの化合物の組み合わせからなる群より選ばれる化合物からアミノ基を除いた2価のユニットであることを特徴とする上記1に記載の非対称ガス分離膜。
(式中、YはOまたは単結合を示す。)
一般式(A1b-M)で表されるジアミン化合物類としては、例えば、2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)-4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル等を挙げることができる。
4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、3,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、3,3’-ジメチル-4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、3,3’-ジエトキシ-4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル等のジアミノジフェニルエーテル類;
4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン等のジアミノジフェニルメタン類;
2,2-ビス(3-アミノフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)プロパン等の2,2-ビス(アミノフェニル)プロパン類;
2,2-ビス〔4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル〕プロパン、2,2-ビス〔4-(3-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル〕プロパン等の2,2-ビス(アミノフェノキシフェニル)プロパン類;
4,4’-ジアミノベンゾフェノン、3,3’-ジアミノベンゾフェノン等のジアミノベンゾフェノン類;
3,5’-ジアミノ安息香酸等のジアミノ安息香酸類;
1,3-フェニレンジアミン、1,4-フェニレンジアミン等のフェニレンジアミン類;
2,2’-ジクロロ-4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル等のジクロロジアミノジフェニルエーテル類;
オルトトリジン、メタトリジン等のトリジン類;
2,2’-ジヒドロキシ-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル等のジヒドロキシジアミノビフェニル類;
4,4’-ジアミノ-2,2’,5,5’-テトラクロロビフェニル等のジアミノテトラクロロビフェニル類
等を挙げることができる。
6本の非対称中空糸膜と、ステンレスパイプと、エポキシ樹脂系接着剤とを使用して有効長が8cmの透過性能評価用のエレメントを作成し、これをステンレス容器に装着してペンシルモジュールとした。それにヘリウム、酸素、窒素標準混合ガス(容積比30:30:40)を1MPaGの圧力、50℃の温度で中空糸膜の外側に供給し、透過流量および透過ガス組成を測定した。ガス組成はガスクロマトグラフ分析により求めた。測定した透過流量、透過ガス組成、供給圧、および有効膜面積からヘリウムガス、酸素ガス、および窒素ガスの透過速度を算出した。
15本の非対称中空糸膜と、ステンレスパイプと、エポキシ樹脂系接着剤とを使用して有効長が10cmの透過性能評価用のエレメントを作成し、これをステンレス容器に装着してペンシルモジュールとした。前記のペンシルモジュールに透過対象ガスを、80℃の温度、1MPaGの圧力で中空糸膜の外側に供給し、透過流量を測定した。測定した透過ガス流量、供給側圧力、透過側圧力及び有効膜面積からガスの透過速度を算出した。
引張試験機を用いて有効長20mm、引張り速度10mm/分で測定した。測定は23℃で行った。中空糸断面積は中空糸の断面を光学顕微鏡で観察し、光学顕微鏡像から寸法を測定して算出した。
ポリイミド溶液の溶液粘度は、回転粘度計(ローターのずり速度1.75sec-1)を用い温度100℃で測定した。
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
撹拌機と窒素ガス導入管が取り付けられたセパラブルフラスコに、6FDA 40ミリモルと、BPDA 60ミリモルと、HFBAPP 20ミリモルと、TSN 40ミリモルと、DADE 40ミリモルとを、ポリマー濃度が22重量%となるように溶媒のNMPと共に加え、窒素ガスをフラスコ内に流通させながら、撹拌下に反応温度190℃で14時間重合イミド化反応をおこない、ポリイミド濃度が22重量%の芳香族ポリイミド溶液を調製した。この芳香族ポリイミド溶液の100℃における溶液粘度は554ポイズであった。
この中空糸膜のガス透過性能と機械的特性を前記の方法によって測定した。結果を表2に示す。
撹拌機と窒素ガス導入管が取り付けられたセパラブルフラスコに、BPDA 40ミリモルと、6FDA 60ミリモルと、TSN 70ミリモルと、HFBAPP 30ミリモルとを、ポリマー濃度が17重量%となるように溶媒のPCPと共に加え、窒素ガスをフラスコ内に流通させながら、撹拌下に反応温度190℃で14時間重合イミド化反応をおこない、ポリイミド濃度が17重量%の芳香族ポリイミド溶液を調製した。この芳香族ポリイミド溶液の100℃における溶液粘度は1376ポイズであった。
表1に示した種類と、組成とを有するテトラカルボン酸成分およびジアミン成分を使用し、表1に示した濃度となるように表1に示した溶媒を使用したほかは実施例1と同様にして、それぞれの芳香族ポリイミドの溶液を調製した。そして、それらの各芳香族ポリイミド溶液から、表1に示した凝固液を使用し、表1に示した温度で最終的に加熱処理して中空糸膜を作成し、中空糸膜から糸束エレメントを形成し、次いで、それらの各中空糸膜の糸束エレメントからガス分離膜モジュールを形成した。但し、溶媒としてPCPを使用した実施例18は、実施例5と同様にして中空糸膜を作成し、中空糸膜から糸束エレメントを形成し、次いで、それらの各中空糸膜の糸束エレメントからガス分離膜モジュールを形成した。
これらの中空糸膜のガス透過性能と機械的特性を前記の方法によって測定した。結果を表2に示す。
表1に示した種類と、組成とを有するテトラカルボン酸成分およびジアミン成分を使用し、表1に示した濃度となるように表1に示した溶媒を使用したほかは実施例1または実施例5と同様にして、それぞれの芳香族ポリイミドの溶液を調製した。そして、溶媒としてNMPを使用した例では実施例1と同様に、PCPを使用した例では実施例5と同様にして、それらの各芳香族ポリイミド溶液から、表1に示した条件で中空糸膜を作成し、中空糸膜から糸束エレメントを形成し、次いで、それらの各中空糸膜の糸束エレメントからガス分離膜モジュールを形成した。
これらの中空糸膜のガス透過性能と機械的特性を前記の方法によって測定した。結果を表2に示す。
撹拌機と窒素ガス導入管が取り付けられたセパラブルフラスコに、6FDA 50ミリモルと、BPDA 50ミリモルと、TSN 50ミリモルと、TCB 50ミリモルとを、ポリマー濃度が21.5重量%となるように溶媒のNMPと共に加え、窒素ガスをフラスコ内に流通させながら、撹拌下に反応温度190℃で50時間重合イミド化反応をおこない、ポリイミド濃度が21.5重量%の芳香族ポリイミド溶液を調製した。しかしながら、この芳香族ポリイミドは重合性が良好でなく、芳香族ポリイミド溶液の100℃における溶液粘度は37ポイズに過ぎず、中空糸膜を得ることはできなかった。
-比較例1は、ユニットA2を含有しておらず、分離性能、即ち酸素ガス透過速度と窒素ガス透過速度との比(P’O2/P’N2)が劣る。
-比較例2は、同様にユニットA2を含有しておらず、酸素ガス透過速度(P’O2)が劣り、実用的な分離ができない。
-比較例3は、ユニットA1の含有量が規定の範囲を超えて過剰であり、分離性能(P’O2/P’N2)が劣っており、さらに引張り破断強度が不足し実用的でない。
-比較例4は、ユニットA1を含有しておらず、酸素ガス透過速度(P’O2)が劣り、特に引張り破断伸度が不足し実用的でない。
-比較例5は、ユニットB1およびユニットB2の含有量が規定の範囲外であり、分離性能(P’O2/P’N2)が劣り、さらに引張り破断強度が不足し実用的でない。
-比較例6は、ユニットA1を含有しておらず、酸素ガス透過速度(P’O2)が劣り、特に引張り破断伸度が不足し実用的でない。
-比較例7は、ユニットB1を含有しておらず、酸素ガス透過速度(P’O2)が著しく劣り、分離性能(P’O2/P’N2)も充分でない。
-比較例8は、ユニットA1を含有しておらず、酸素ガス透過速度(P’O2)が著しく劣る。
-比較例9は、ユニットA1を含有しておらず、アミド系溶媒での重合性が著しく劣る。
Claims (12)
- 下記一般式(1)で示される反復単位からなる可溶性の芳香族ポリイミドで形成されていることを特徴とする非対称ガス分離膜。
〔但し、一般式(1)のBは、
10~70モル%の、下記一般式(B1)で示されるジフェニルヘキサフルオロプロパン構造に基づく4価のユニットB1、および
90~30モル%の、下記一般式(B2)で示されるビフェニル構造に基づく4価のユニットB2
を含有し、
一般式(1)のAは、
10~50モル%の、下記一般式(A1a)で示されるユニットおよび(A1b)で示されるユニットからなる群より選ばれるヘキサフルオロ置換構造に基づく2価のユニットA1、および
90~30モル%の、下記一般式(A2a)で示される2価のユニット及び下記一般式(A2b)で示される2価のユニットからなる群より選ばれる含硫黄ヘテロ環構造に基づく2価のユニットA2を含有する。
- 前記ユニットA1が2,2-ビス〔4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル〕ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシ)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)-4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、およびこれらの化合物の組み合わせからなる群より選ばれる化合物からアミノ基を除いた2価のユニットであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非対称ガス分離膜。
- 前記ユニットA2が、3,7-ジアミノ-ジメチルジベンゾチオフェン=5,5-ジオキシドからアミノ基を除いた2価のユニットであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の非対称ガス分離膜。
- 前記一般式(1)のAは、前記ユニットA1、A2以外のジアミン成分に起因する2価のユニットA3を、50モル%以下の量で含有することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の非対称ガス分離膜。
- 非対称非多孔膜であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の非対称ガス分離膜。
- 中空糸膜であることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の非対称ガス分離膜。
- 成膜時の芳香族ポリイミド溶液の溶媒が、アミド系溶媒であることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の非対称ガス分離膜。
- 成膜時に芳香族ポリイミド溶液を吐出する凝固液が、水、アミド系溶媒水溶液、およびエタノール水溶液からなる群より選ばれることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の非対称ガス分離膜。
- 酸素ガス透過速度(P’O2)が6.0×10-5cm3(STP)/cm2・sec・cmHg以上で且つ酸素ガス透過速度と窒素ガス透過速度との比(P’O2/P’N2)が4.0以上のガス分離性能を有することを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の非対称ガス分離膜。
- 引張り破断伸度が10%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の非対称ガス分離膜。
- 請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の非対称ガス分離膜を用いて、複数のガスを含む混合ガスから特定のガスを選択的に分離回収する方法。
- 請求項1~10のいずれかの記載の非対称ガス分離膜を用いて、空気から酸素富化空気もしくは窒素富化空気を製造する方法。
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EP09817842.9A EP2335815A4 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2009-09-30 | ASYMMETRIC GAS SEPARATING MEMBRANE AND GAS DISTRIBUTION METHOD |
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CN102527241B (zh) * | 2010-11-04 | 2015-11-04 | 宇部兴产株式会社 | 气体分离膜组件及气体分离方法 |
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US9718023B2 (en) | 2010-11-04 | 2017-08-01 | Ube Industries, Ltd. | Gas separation membrane module and gas separation method |
CN102527241A (zh) * | 2010-11-04 | 2012-07-04 | 宇部兴产株式会社 | 气体分离膜组件及气体分离方法 |
CN103561852B (zh) * | 2011-05-30 | 2016-03-30 | 中央硝子株式会社 | 气体分离膜 |
US9061253B2 (en) | 2011-05-30 | 2015-06-23 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Gas separation membrane |
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CN103561852A (zh) * | 2011-05-30 | 2014-02-05 | 中央硝子株式会社 | 气体分离膜 |
JP2013010096A (ja) * | 2011-05-30 | 2013-01-17 | Central Glass Co Ltd | 気体分離膜 |
WO2012165455A1 (ja) * | 2011-05-30 | 2012-12-06 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | 気体分離膜 |
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JPWO2015147103A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-27 | 2017-04-13 | 宇部興産株式会社 | 非対称ガス分離膜、及びガスを分離回収する方法 |
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JP2019014907A (ja) * | 2017-02-15 | 2019-01-31 | 律勝科技股▲分▼有限公司 | ポリイミド樹脂及びその製造方法と薄膜 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2335815A4 (en) | 2013-10-02 |
US8409325B2 (en) | 2013-04-02 |
CN102227252B (zh) | 2014-08-20 |
EP2335815A1 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
CN102227252A (zh) | 2011-10-26 |
JP5472114B2 (ja) | 2014-04-16 |
JPWO2010038810A1 (ja) | 2012-03-01 |
US20110232484A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
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