JP5983405B2 - 非対称ガス分離中空糸膜 - Google Patents
非対称ガス分離中空糸膜 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5983405B2 JP5983405B2 JP2012508364A JP2012508364A JP5983405B2 JP 5983405 B2 JP5983405 B2 JP 5983405B2 JP 2012508364 A JP2012508364 A JP 2012508364A JP 2012508364 A JP2012508364 A JP 2012508364A JP 5983405 B2 JP5983405 B2 JP 5983405B2
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- Prior art keywords
- hollow fiber
- fiber membrane
- formula
- gas
- gas separation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 99
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 81
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 51
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- CFTSORNHIUMCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-phenylpropan-2-yl)benzene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=CC=C1 CFTSORNHIUMCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- IKJFYINYNJYDTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene sulfone Chemical group C1=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 IKJFYINYNJYDTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 29
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- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 23
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- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JVERADGGGBYHNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenylbenzene-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C(O)=O JVERADGGGBYHNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical class CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzidine Chemical class C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical class CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940090668 parachlorophenol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FHBXQJDYHHJCIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3-diaminophenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical class NC1=CC=CC(C(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1N FHBXQJDYHHJCIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005206 1,2-dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical class CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXOXUHMFQZEAFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2',5,5'-Tetrachlorobenzidine Chemical group C1=C(Cl)C(N)=CC(Cl)=C1C1=CC(Cl)=C(N)C=C1Cl UXOXUHMFQZEAFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLXVRIOQCHHBTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(phenoxycarbonyl)propanedioic acid Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)C(C(O)=O)(C(=O)O)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XLXVRIOQCHHBTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKTUQAYCCLMNOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diaminobenzoic acid Chemical class NC1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1N KKTUQAYCCLMNOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIUQGYSJDINMRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diphenylpropane-1,1,1,2-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C(C(O)=O)(C(O)=O)C(O)=O)(C(=O)O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 RIUQGYSJDINMRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFEPENYPELKAQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene-3,7-diamine Chemical compound S1C2=C(C)C(N)=CC=C2C2=C1C=C(N)C(C)=C2 HFEPENYPELKAQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KEMGPCYBTHJENU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,8-dimethyldibenzothiophene-3,7-diamine Chemical group S1C2=CC(N)=C(C)C=C2C2=C1C=C(N)C(C)=C2 KEMGPCYBTHJENU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MNOJRWOWILAHAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1 MNOJRWOWILAHAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PMXSWKCHEIPJMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene-3,7-diamine Chemical compound C12=CC=C(N)C(C)=C2SC2=C1C=CC(N)=C2C PMXSWKCHEIPJMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DLCFMGVXCCJVFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-amino-2,5-dibromophenyl)-2,5-dibromoaniline Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C(N)=CC(Br)=C1C1=CC(Br)=C(N)C=C1Br DLCFMGVXCCJVFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
- C01B13/0229—Purification or separation processes
- C01B13/0248—Physical processing only
- C01B13/0251—Physical processing only by making use of membranes
- C01B13/0255—Physical processing only by making use of membranes characterised by the type of membrane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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Description
配向性指標が1.3以下であり、40℃における酸素ガスと窒素ガスの透過速度の比を表す分離係数α(P’O2/P’N2)が、5.3以上であり、引張り破断伸度が、15%以上であることを特徴とする非対称ガス分離中空糸膜に関する。
6本の非対称中空糸膜と、ステンレスパイプと、エポキシ樹脂系接着剤とを使用して有効長が8cmの透過性能評価用のエレメントを作成し、これをステンレス容器に装着してペンシルモジュールとした。それに酸素および窒素純ガスを1MPaGの圧力、40℃の温度で中空糸膜の外側に供給し、透過流量を測定した。測定した透過流量、供給圧、および有効膜面積から酸素ガスおよび窒素ガスの透過速度を算出した。透過速度の単位は、10−5×cm3(STP)/(cm2・s・cmHg)である。
引張試験機を用いて有効長20mm、引張り速度10mm/分で測定した。測定は23℃で行った。中空糸断面積は中空糸の断面を光学顕微鏡で観察し、光学顕微鏡像から寸法を測定して算出した。
ポリイミド溶液の溶液粘度は、回転粘度計(ローターのずり速度1.75sec−1)を用い温度100℃で測定した。
(配向性指標の測定方法)
偏光子付き1回反射ATR−FTIR装置(PerkinElmer社製Spectrum One)を使用して、次のようにして求める。
A‖/⊥= (1500cm−1の吸光度)/(1715cm−1の吸光度)
ここで、1500cm−1の吸収は、ベンゼン環の主鎖に平行方向の振動モードによる吸収であり、1715cm−1の吸収は、イミド環のカルボニルの主鎖に垂直方向の振動モードによる吸収である。
BPDA/6FDA/PMDA/TSN/TCB=225/200/75/250/250mmolのモノマーをPCP1882gと共に、N2ガスパージ可能なセパラブルフラスコに入れ、N2ガスでパージしながら攪拌機で撹拌、190℃で20時間重合させ、17wt%の芳香族ポリイミド溶液を得た。100℃での粘度(回転粘度)は1,940poiseであった。得られたポリイミド溶液を400meshの金網フィルターで濾過しドープ液とした。
実施例1と同条件でイソオクタン置換後に乾燥して得た中空糸を、連続的に熱処理した。使用した連続熱処理装置の模式図を図4に示す。280℃で、前ロール19での速度を50m/分、後ロール22での速度を50.5m/分とし、0.5〜1.0Nの張力でコントロールし、熱処理槽20を使用して連続熱処理を行い、中空糸膜を得た。
実施例1において、周回ロールでの引き取り速度を23m/分とし、ボビンでの巻き取り速度を25m/分とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、中空糸膜を製造した。
実施例4では、得られた中空糸膜を、エタノール洗浄した後、イソオクタンでエタノールを置換し、100℃にて乾燥、連続的に熱処理する際、熱処理槽の前後のロール速度に差をつけ延伸操作を行って中空糸膜を製造した。このとき、前ロールでの速度を45m/分とし、後ロールでの速度を50.5m/分とし、中空糸には1.0〜1.5N程度の張力が加わっていた。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして中空糸膜を製造した。
ノズルからドープ液と芯液をギヤポンプで吐出させ、N2雰囲気中を通過させた後、一次凝固液(0℃、85wt% エタノール水溶液)に浸漬、周回ロールで25m/分で引取りながら、二次凝固浴(0℃)の周回ロールで槽内を往復させドープ液中のPCPを抽出して中空糸膜を得る際に、図1中に示す案内ロール7を後ろ側(図1の紙面に対して奥側)に70mmずらして中空糸への摩擦を大きくして、連続的にボビンに25m/分で巻き取った。その他は、実施例1と同様にして中空糸膜を製造した。
実施例1において、周回ロールでの引き取り速度を20m/分とし、ボビンでの巻き取り速度を25m/分とした以外は実施例1と同様にして、中空糸膜を製造した。
得られた中空糸膜を、エタノール洗浄した後、イソオクタンでエタノールを置換し、100℃にて乾燥、連続的に熱処理する際、熱処理槽の前後のロール速度に差をつけ延伸操作を行った以外は実施例2と同様に中空糸膜を製造した。比較例3では、前ロールでの速度を40m/分、後ロールでの速度を50.5m/分とし、このとき中空糸膜には1.5Nより大きく2.0N以下程度の張力が加わっていた。比較例4では、前ロールでの速度を35m/分、後ロールでの速度を50.5m/分とし、このとき中空糸膜には2.0Nより大きく、2.5N以下程度の張力が加わっていた。
3 チューブ
4 中空糸状体
5 浸漬ロール
6 一次凝固液槽
7 案内ロール
8 周回ロール1
9 周回ロール2
10 押さえロール
11 二次凝固液槽
12 ボビン
14 中空糸
16 ドープ液
17 一次凝固液
18 二次凝固液
19 前ロール
20 熱処理槽
21 中空糸
22 後ロール
Claims (4)
- 可溶性の芳香族ポリイミドで形成されている非対称ガス分離中空糸膜であって、
中空糸膜の長さ方向(x軸方向)から光を入射させたときの反射光の垂直偏光の(1500cm−1の吸光度)/(1715cm−1の吸光度)[XにおけるA‖/⊥]に対する、中空糸膜の長さ方向と垂直方向(y軸方向)から光を入射させたときの反射光の垂直偏光の(1500cm−1の吸光度)/(1715cm−1の吸光度)[YにおけるA‖/⊥]の比[(YにおけるA‖/⊥)/(XにおけるA‖/⊥)]で表される配向性指標が1.3以下であり、
酸素ガスと窒素ガスの透過速度の比を表す40℃における分離係数α(P’O2/P’N2)が、5.6以上であり、
引張り破断伸度が、20%以上であり、
40℃における酸素ガス透過速度P’O2が、6.0×10−5cm3(STP)/cm2・sec・cmHg以上であり、
前記可溶性の芳香族ポリイミドが、下記一般式(1)で示される反復単位からなることを特徴とする非対称ガス分離中空糸膜。
一般式(1)中のRは、その30〜70モル%が式(5)
- 請求項1記載の非対称ガス分離中空糸膜を製造する方法であって、
前記一般式(1)で示される反復単位からなる芳香族ポリイミドの溶液を用いて、乾湿式法による紡糸(乾湿式紡糸法)によって、製造工程において中空糸膜に掛かる張力が1.0N以下で中空糸膜を製造することを特徴とする製造方法。 - 請求項1記載の非対称ガス分離中空糸膜を用いて、複数のガスを含む混合ガスから特定のガスを選択的に分離回収する方法。
- 請求項1記載の非対称ガス分離中空糸膜を用いて、空気から酸素富化空気もしくは窒素富化空気を製造する方法。
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