JP6456282B2 - 蓄電デバイス用電極活物質および蓄電デバイス - Google Patents
蓄電デバイス用電極活物質および蓄電デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- JP6456282B2 JP6456282B2 JP2015505296A JP2015505296A JP6456282B2 JP 6456282 B2 JP6456282 B2 JP 6456282B2 JP 2015505296 A JP2015505296 A JP 2015505296A JP 2015505296 A JP2015505296 A JP 2015505296A JP 6456282 B2 JP6456282 B2 JP 6456282B2
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- ZNLWPAAOOWVQFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M [Cl-].C=CC1=CC=C(C[N+]2=CC=CC3=C2C(=O)C(=O)C2=NC=CC=C32)C=C1 Chemical compound [Cl-].C=CC1=CC=C(C[N+]2=CC=CC3=C2C(=O)C(=O)C2=NC=CC=C32)C=C1 ZNLWPAAOOWVQFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAIKOVRFTSBNNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1.C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 XAIKOVRFTSBNNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- RBHJBMIOOPYDBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;propan-2-one Chemical compound O=C=O.CC(C)=O RBHJBMIOOPYDBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001923 cyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- SMBQBQBNOXIFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium Chemical class [Li][Li] SMBQBQBNOXIFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010220 ion permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940006487 lithium cation Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- OIRDBPQYVWXNSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl trifluoromethansulfonate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F OIRDBPQYVWXNSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000569 multi-angle light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-benzoquinone Natural products O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- WKFBZNUBXWCCHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trifluoride Chemical compound FP(F)F WKFBZNUBXWCCHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005581 pyrene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004053 quinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHCPAXDKURNIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrathiafulvalene Chemical group S1C=CSC1=C1SC=CS1 FHCPAXDKURNIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
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Description
本発明の実施形態による蓄電デバイス用電極活物質は、2つ以上のカルボニル基を有する複素芳香族化合物を含む。カルボニル基の炭素および窒素は複素芳香族化合物の骨格、つまり、複素芳香族環に含まれている。
ここで、一般式(1)、(1’)、(2)、(3)および(11)において、R1からR6、R’1からR’6、R10、R11、R21からR24およびR31からR34は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換基を有していてもよいフェニル基、置換基を有していてもよい複素環基、または置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1から4の炭化水素基である。本明細書において「置換基を有していてもよい」とは、少なくとも1つの水素原子が、適当な基で置換されていてもよいことを意味する。
本発明による蓄電デバイスの実施形態を説明する。本実施形態では、蓄電デバイスとしてコイン型リチウム二次電池を説明する。図1に示すように、リチウム二次電池10は、正極21、負極22、正極21と負極22との間に配置されたセパレータ14および電解質19を備えている。これらの要素は、ガスケット18および封口板15を用いて、ケース11に収納されている。正極21および負極22の少なくとも一方は、電極活物質として本実施形態の電極活物質を含む。すなわち、本実施形態の電極活物質を、正極21および負極22の両方または一方に使用できる。本実施形態の電極活物質を正極21および負極22のいずれか一方に用いる場合、他方には従来の電極活物質を使用できる。
1.1 4,7−フェナントロリン−5,6−ジオン(化合物(4))の合成
下記反応式(III)に示す方法により、式(4)で示される4,7−フェナントロリン−5,6−ジオンを合成した。
式(6)で表される化合物1,4,5,8−テトラアザ−9,10−アントラキノンを、文献の記載(Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1963, 667, 55−68., J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 4716−4722.)に従い、下記反応式(IV)に示す手順で合成した。
式(5)で表される1,3,6,8−テトラアザピレン−4,5,9,10−テトラオンは、式(5a)で表される化合物、式(5b)で表される化合物、式(5c)で表される化合物、式(5d)で表される化合物を経由して、合成した。以下、化合物(5)の合成について、順を追って記載する。
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.47 (s, 12 H), 9.95 (s, 2 H).
13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ63.1, 109.2, 150.0, 150.1, 156.9.
HRMS (APCI) m/z calcd for C16H15N4O4 [M+H]+: 327.1088, found 327.1091.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO−d6) δ 9.78 (s, 2 H).
13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO−d6) δ 102.9, 142.4, 145.5, 153.6.
HRMS (ESI) m/z calcd for C12H5N4O4 - [M−H]-: 269.0316, found 269.0313.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO−d6) δ9.63 (s, 2 H).
13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO−d6) δ123.4, 155.3, 159.4, 174.2.
HRMS (APCI) m/z calcd for C12H2N4O4Cl1 [M+Cl]-: 300.9759, found 300.9769.
式(15)で表されるポリ[塩化5,6−ジオキソ−4−(4−ビニルベンジル)−5,6−ジヒドロ−4,7−フェナントロリン−4−イウム]を、下記反応式(∨II)に示す方法により、合成した。
式(13)に示す2, 9−ジクロロ−1, 10−フェナンスロリン−5,6−ジオンを、下記反応式(∨III)に示す方法により、合成した。
式(12)に示すキノキサリン−5,8−ジオンを、文献に記載(Australian Journal of Chemistry, 2010, 63, 1116−1121.)の方法に従い、下記反応式(IX)に示す手順で合成した。
式(14)に示す1−メチル−5,8−ジオキソ−5,8−ジヒドロキノキサリニウム トリフルオロメタンスルホナートを、下記反応式(X)に示す方法により、合成した。
1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) δ 4.69 (s, 3H), 7.35 (d, J = 10.6 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J = 10.6 Hz, 1H), 9.06 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H), 9.76 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H).
13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3CN) δ 51.3, 121.7 (q, J = 318Hz), 134.7, 139.0, 140.4, 145.4, 148.4, 155.1, 179.39, 179.45.
HRMS (ESI positive) m/z calcd for C9H7N2O2 + : 175.0502, found 175.0501.
HRMS (ESI negative) m/z calcd for CF3O3S- : 148.9526, found 148.9524.
<実施例1>
化合物(4)を用いてリチウム二次電池を作製した。まず、化合物(4)を乳鉢で粉砕した。粉砕後の化合物Xの平均粒子径はおよそ10μmであった。25mgの粉砕した化合物Xおよび60mgのアセチレンブラック(導電剤)を均一に混合し、さらに15mgのポリテトラフルオロエチレン(結着剤)を加えて混合することにより、正極合剤を調製した。
電極活物質として、式(4’)で表される1,10−フェナントロリン−5,6−ジオン(東京化成社製、以下化合物Yとした)を正極活物質に用いた以外、実施例1と同様の方法により、実施例2のコイン型電池を作製した。
電極活物質として、式(6)で表される1,4,5,8−テトラアザ−9,10−アントラキノンを正極活物質に用いた以外、実施例1と同様の方法により、実施例3のコイン型電池を作製した。
電極活物質として、式(5)で表される1,3,6,8−テトラアザピレン−4,5,9,10−テトラオンを正極活物質に用いた以外、実施例1と同様の方法により、実施例4のコイン型電池を作製した。
電極活物質として、式(15)で表されるポリ[塩化5,6−ジオキソ−4−(4−ビニルベンジル)−5,6−ジヒドロ−4,7−フェナントロリン−4−イウム]を正極活物質に用いた以外、実施例1と同様の方法により、実施例5のコイン型電池を作製した。
電極活物質として、式(13)で表される2, 9−ジクロロ−1, 10−フェナンスロリン−5,6−ジオンを正極活物質に用いた以外、実施例1と同様の方法により、実施例6のコイン型電池を作製した。
電極活物質として、式(12)で表されるキノキサリン−5,8−ジオンを正極活物質に用いた以外、実施例1と同様の方法により、実施例7のコイン型電池を作製した。
電極活物質として、式(14)で表される1−メチル−5,8−ジオキソ−5,8−ジヒドロキノキサリニウム トリフルオロメタンスルホナート1を正極活物質に用いた以外、実施例1と同様の方法により、実施例8のコイン型電池を作製した。
電極活物質として、下記式(8)で表されるアントラキノン(アントラセン−9,10−ジオン)(東京化成製)を正極活物質に用いた以外、実施例1と同様の方法により比較例2のコイン型電池を作製した。
電極活物質として、式(9)で表されるピレン−4,5,9,10−テトラオンを正極活物質に用いた以外、実施例1と同様の方法により、実施例5のコイン型電池を作製した。
電極活物質として、式(10)で表される1,4−ナフトキノンを正極活物質に用いた以外、実施例1と同様の方法により、比較例4のコイン型電池を作製した。
実施例1から8および比較例1から4の電池の充放電試験を行った。充放電試験は、各電池の理論容量に対して、0.2Cレート(5時間率)となる電流値で、実施例4と比較例3の電池については2.0から4.0Vの電圧範囲で、その他の電池に関しては、1.5から4.0Vの電圧範囲で、それぞれ行った。充放電試験は、放電から先に開始した。放電と充電との間および充電と放電との間にそれぞれ5分間の休止時間を設けた。3サイクル目における放電電位測定した。結果を、それぞれの活物質の単位重量あたりの理論容量と合わせて、表1から表4に示す。また、図2に実施例1、実施例2および比較例1の電池の充放電曲線を、図3に実施例3および比較例2の電池の充放電曲線を、図4に実施例4および比較例3の電池の充放電曲線を、図5に実施例7、8および比較例4の電池の充放電曲線を示す。
12 正極集電体
13 正極活物質層
14 セパレータ
15 封口板
16 負極活物質層
17 負極集電体
18 ガスケット
19 電解質
21 正極
22 負極
Claims (6)
- 2つ以上のカルボニル基を有し、2つ以上の窒素を含む複素芳香族化合物であって、
前記2つ以上のカルボニル基の炭素および前記2つ以上の窒素が骨格に含まれる複素芳香族化合物を含み、
前記2つ以上のカルボニル基のそれぞれが結合した炭素に、前記2つ以上の窒素がそれぞれ結合しており、
前記複素芳香族化合物は、n対(nは1以上の整数)のカルボニル基を有し、各対の2つのカルボニル基は、前記複素芳香族化合物の芳香環のオルト位に位置している蓄電デバイス用電極活物質。 - 前記複素芳香族化合物は3つ以上の芳香環を含む請求項1に記載の蓄電デバイス用電極活物質。
- 2つ以上のカルボニル基を有し、2つ以上の窒素を含む複素芳香族化合物であって、
前記2つ以上のカルボニル基の炭素および前記2つ以上の窒素が骨格に含まれる複素芳香族化合物を含み、
前記複素芳香族化合物は下記一般式(1)、(1’)、(2)または(3)で表され、一般式(1)、(1’)(2)および(3)において、R1からR6 、R 10 、R11およびR21からR24は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換基を有していてもよいフェニル基、置換基を有していてもよい複素環基、または置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1から4の炭化水素基であり、R’ 1 からR’ 6 は、それぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子、置換基を有していてもよいフェニル基、置換基を有していてもよい複素環基、または置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1から4の炭化水素基である、蓄電デバイス用電極活物質。
- 前記複素芳香族化合物は高分子化合物である、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス用電極活物質。
- 正極と、負極と、電解質とを備え、
前記正極および前記負極から選ばれる少なくとも1つが、電極活物質として、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス用電極活物質を含む、蓄電デバイス。
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