JP6453077B2 - リチウムイオン電池からの酸化リチウムコバルトの回収方法 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン電池からの酸化リチウムコバルトの回収方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6453077B2 JP6453077B2 JP2014517083A JP2014517083A JP6453077B2 JP 6453077 B2 JP6453077 B2 JP 6453077B2 JP 2014517083 A JP2014517083 A JP 2014517083A JP 2014517083 A JP2014517083 A JP 2014517083A JP 6453077 B2 JP6453077 B2 JP 6453077B2
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- transition metal
- carbon
- metal material
- mixture
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 90
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 36
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 32
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 29
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 29
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 112
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 111
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 110
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 109
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 108
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 104
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 103
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- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QFWPJPIVLCBXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glymidine Chemical compound N1=CC(OCCOC)=CN=C1NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QFWPJPIVLCBXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930007744 linalool Natural products 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- CASZBAVUIZZLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium iron(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Fe+2].[Li+] CASZBAVUIZZLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940041616 menthol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxycyclopentane Chemical compound COC1CCCC1 SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- PZYDAVFRVJXFHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1C1CCCCC1 PZYDAVFRVJXFHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hendecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007823 ocimene derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)C1 JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZWBAMYVPMDSJGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluoroheptanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ZWBAMYVPMDSJGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001816 polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010988 polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229950008882 polysorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- KRIOVPPHQSLHCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propiophenone Chemical compound CCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KRIOVPPHQSLHCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004040 pyrrolidinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930006696 sabinene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-CTQIIAAMSA-N sorbitan Polymers OCC(O)C1OCC(O)[C@@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-CTQIIAAMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940035044 sorbitan monolaurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001587 sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011076 sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035048 sorbitan monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001589 sorbitan tristearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011078 sorbitan tristearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004129 sorbitan tristearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004772 tellurides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930006978 terpinene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003507 terpinene derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XJPBRODHZKDRCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-alpha-ocimene Natural products CC(=C)CCC=C(C)C=C XJPBRODHZKDRCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol monomethyl ether Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCO JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IHPKGUQCSIINRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N β-ocimene Natural products CC(C)=CCC=C(C)C=C IHPKGUQCSIINRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/006—Hydrocarbons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/008—Organic compounds containing oxygen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/02—Froth-flotation processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
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- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Description
(a)前記炭素および少なくとも1つのリチウム:遷移金属材料を含む固体マスを、少なくとも1つの起泡剤および少なくとも1つの捕集剤を含む配合物と接触させて混合物を生成させる工程と;
(b)泡層および液層を発生させる工程と;
(c)液層からその泡層を分離する工程とを含み、その泡層が炭素を含み、その液層が少なくとも1つのリチウム:遷移金属材料を含む方法を説明する。
(a)リチウムイオン電池の他の構成材から断片を分離する工程であって、その断片が少なくとも1つのリチウム:遷移金属材料、炭素およびポリマー結合剤を含む工程と、
(b)ポリマー結合剤を断片から分離して少なくとも1つのリチウム:遷移金属材料および炭素を含む固体マスを得る工程と、
(c)その固体マスを、少なくとも1つの起泡剤および少なくとも1つの捕集剤を含む配合物と接触させて混合物を生成させる工程と、
(d)泡層を発生させるためにその混合物を通して気体を導入する工程と、
(e)任意選択により水を混合物に加える工程と;
(f)液層からその泡層を分離する工程であって、その泡層が炭素を含み、その液層が少なくとも1つのリチウム:遷移金属材料を含む工程と、
(g)少なくとも1つのリチウム:遷移金属材料を液層から分離する工程と
を含む方法を説明する。好ましくは、捕集剤はリモネンを含む。好ましくは、起泡剤はテルピネオールを含む。好ましくは、液層は水系である。有利には、このプロセスは強酸の使用を全く必要としない。
(a)リチウムイオン電池の他の構成材から断片を分離する工程であって、その断片がLiCoO2を含む少なくとも1つのリチウム:遷移金属材料、炭素およびポリマー結合剤を含む工程と、
(b)ポリマー結合剤を断片から分離してLiCoO2を含む少なくとも1つのリチウム:遷移金属材料および炭素を含む固体マスを得る工程と、
(c)その固体マスを、少なくとも1つの起泡剤および少なくとも1つの捕集剤を含む配合物と接触させて混合物を生成させる工程と、
(d)泡層を発生させるためにその混合物を通して気体を導入する工程と、
(e)任意選択により水を混合物に加える工程と;
(f)液層からその泡層を分離する工程であって、その泡層が炭素を含み、その液層がLiCoO2を含む少なくとも1つのリチウム:遷移金属材料を含む工程と、
(g)LiCoO2を含む少なくとも1つのリチウム:遷移金属材料を液層から分離する工程と
を含む方法を説明する。好ましくは、捕集剤はリモネンを含む。好ましくは、起泡剤はテルピネオールを含む。好ましくは、液層は水系である。有利なことに、このプロセスは強酸の使用を全く必要としない。
(a)リチウムイオン電池の他の構成材から断片を分離する工程であって、その断片が少なくとも1つのリチウム:遷移金属材料、炭素およびポリマー結合剤を含む工程と、
(b)ポリマー結合剤を断片から分離して少なくとも1つのリチウム:遷移金属材料および炭素を含む固体マスを得る工程と、
(c)固体マスを、少なくとも1つの起泡剤および少なくとも1つの捕集剤を含む配合物と接触させて混合物を生成させる工程と、
(d)泡層を発生させるためにその混合物を通して気体を導入する工程と、
(e)任意選択により水を混合物に加える工程と;
(f)液層からその泡層を分離する工程であって、その泡層が炭素を含み、その液層が少なくとも1つのリチウム:遷移金属材料を含む工程と、
(g)少なくとも1つのリチウム:遷移金属材料を液層から分離する工程と、
(h)リチウム:遷移金属材料を再リチウム化して約1:1のLi:M(Mは遷移金属である)原子比を得る工程とを含む方法を説明する。再リチウム化は、リチウム:遷移金属材料をリチウム化合物、例えばLi2CO3と混合し、任意選択により焼成することによって、本明細書で説明するようにして容易に実施される。好ましくは、捕集剤はリモネンを含む。好ましくは、起泡剤はテルピネオールを含む。好ましくは、液層は水系である。有利なことに、このプロセスは強酸の使用を全く必要としない。
(a)リチウムイオン電池の他の構成材から断片を分離する工程であって、その断片が少なくともLi(1−x)MY、炭素およびポリマー結合剤を含む工程と、
(b)ポリマー結合剤を断片から分離して少なくともLi(1−x)MYおよび炭素を含む固体マスを得る工程と、
(c)固体マスを、少なくとも1つの起泡剤および少なくとも1つの捕集剤を含む配合物と接触させて混合物を生成させる工程と、
(d)泡層を発生させるためにその混合物を通して気体を導入する工程と、
(e)任意選択により水を混合物に加える工程と;
(f)液層からその泡層を分離する工程であって、その泡層が炭素を含み、その液層がLi(1−x)MYを含む工程と、
(g)Li(1−x)MYを液層から分離する工程と、
(h)Li(1−x)MYを再リチウム化してLiCoO2を得る工程と
を含む方法を説明する。ここで、Mは遷移金属であり、Yは対抗アニオンである。再リチウム化は、リチウム:遷移金属材料をリチウム化合物、例えばLi2CO3と混合し、任意選択により焼成することによって、本明細書で説明するようにして容易に実施される。好ましくは、捕集剤はリモネンを含む。好ましくは、起泡剤はテルピネオールを含む。好ましくは、液層は水系である。有利なことに、このプロセスは強酸の使用を全く必要としない。
A. 乾燥陽極/陰極混合物(70%陽極)4.98gを撹拌されている水(275rpm)60mLに加えた。リモネン(400μL)およびメチルイソブチルカルビノール(MIBC、50μL)を逐次加えた。混合物を5分間撹拌し、その時点で、泡層を発生させるために、この混合物を通して空気(210mL/min)をバブリングさせた。水(40mL)を加え、炭素に富む泡層を機械的にすくい取って除去した。分離された炭素に富む泡層および酸化リチウムコバルトに富む水層をろ過した。92.5%純度の酸化リチウムコバルト3.46gおよび98%純度の炭素1.05gを回収した。
B. 乾燥陽極/陰極混合物(70%陽極)5.00gを撹拌されている水(275rpm)60mLに加えた。ケロシン(200μL)およびテルピネオール(200mg)を溶液として加えた。混合物を5分間撹拌し、その時点で、泡層を発生させるために、この混合物を通して空気(210mL/min)をバブリングさせた。水(40mL)を加え、炭素に富む泡層を機械的にすくい取って除去した。分離された炭素に富む泡層および酸化リチウムコバルトに富む水層をろ過した。97%純度の酸化リチウムコバルト2.65gおよび97.5%純度の炭素1.61gを回収した。
C. 乾燥陽極/陰極混合物(70%陽極)5.15gを撹拌されている水(275rpm)60mLに加えた。リモネン(200μL)およびテルピネオール(200mg)を溶液として加えた。混合物を5分間撹拌し、その時点で、泡層を発生させるために、この混合物を通して空気(210mL/min)をバブリングさせた。水(40mL)を加え、炭素に富む泡層を機械的にすくい取って除去した。分離された炭素に富む泡層および酸化リチウムコバルトに富む水層をろ過した。95%純度の酸化リチウムコバルト3.40gおよび98%純度の炭素1.51gを回収した。
D. 1:1リモネン/テルピネオール溶液を、トリフルオロ酢酸7.50mLをリモネン20mLに滴下添加して調製した。中間体トリフルオロ酢酸塩(δ1.50で二重項)の生成を監視しながら、核磁気共鳴で反応を追跡した。リモネンが約50%消費されたら(リモネンと中間体トリフルオロ酢酸塩が1:1の比)、メタノール20mL、続いて水酸化ナトリウム4.00gを加え、反応物を終夜撹拌した。水酸化ナトリウムで残留する酸をクエンチし、中間体エステルを加水分解して所望の比のリモネン:テルピネオールを得た。
E. Cの部に記した手順にしたがって、乾燥陽極/陰極混合物(70%陽極)5.00gを用いてDの部に記した溶液400μLを利用して、99%純度の酸化リチウムコバルト2.48gおよび96%純度の炭素2.08gを得た。
Claims (16)
- 少なくとも1つのリチウム:遷移金属材料、炭素及びポリマー結合剤を含む断片から炭素を分離する方法であって、
前記ポリマー結合剤を前記断片から分離して、少なくとも1つのリチウム:遷移金属材料および炭素を含む固体マスを得る工程と、
前記固体マスを、起泡剤および捕集剤を含む配合物と接触させて、混合物を生成させる工程と、
泡層を発生させるために前記混合物を通して気体を導入する工程と、
液層から前記泡層を分離する工程と、
を含み、
前記泡層が炭素を含み、
前記液層が少なくとも1つのリチウム:遷移金属材料を含み、
前記起泡剤が、少なくとも1種のテルピネオールであり、
前記捕集剤が、リモネンであり、
前記配合物は、メチルイソブチルカルビノールを実質的に含まず、
前記配合物が、ケロシンおよび再生不可能な資源から誘導される他の捕集剤を該配合物の総重量に対して実質的に含まない、
方法。 - 前記少なくとも1つのリチウム:遷移金属材料がLiCoO2を含む、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記混合物を通して気体を導入する前に、前記混合物に水を加える工程をさらに含む、
請求項1または2に記載の方法。 - 当該方法が室温で行われる、
請求項1〜3のいずれかに一項記載の方法。 - 前記少なくとも1種のテルピネオールがα−テルピネオール、β−テルピネオール、γ−テルピネオール、4−テルピネオールまたはその任意の組合せである、
請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記分離する工程が、かき取る工程、すくい取る工程、または容器の縁からオーバーフローさせる工程を含む、
請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記少なくとも1つのリチウム:遷移金属材料を液層から分離する工程をさらに含む、
請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 少なくとも1つのリチウム:遷移金属材料、炭素およびポリマー結合剤を含む断片を、リチウムイオン電池の他の構成材から分離する工程をさらに含む、
請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記リチウム:遷移金属材料を再リチウム化して1:1のLi:M(Mは遷移金属である)原子比を得る工程をさらに含む、
請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記泡層を、前記混合物を通して気体をバブリングさせることによって発生させる、
請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記液層が水系である、
請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記配合物が強酸を実質的に含まない、
請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 強酸の使用を必要としない、
請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記強酸が硫酸、硝酸、過塩素酸、塩酸、臭化水素酸およびヨウ化水素酸からなる群から選択される、
請求項12または13に記載の方法。 - 少なくとも1つのリチウム:遷移金属材料、炭素及びポリマー結合剤を含む断片から炭素を分離する方法であって:
(a)前記ポリマー結合剤を前記断片から分離して、少なくとも1つのリチウム:遷移金属材料および炭素を含む固体マスを得る工程と、
(b)前記固体マスを、起泡剤および捕集剤を含む配合物と接触させて、混合物を生成させる工程と;
(c)泡層および液層を発生させる工程と;
(d)液層から前記泡層を分離する工程と;
を含み、
前記泡層が炭素を含み、
前記液層が少なくとも1つのリチウム:遷移金属材料を含み、
前記起泡剤が、少なくとも1種のテルピネオールであり、
前記捕集剤が、リモネンであり、
前記配合物は、メチルイソブチルカルビノールを実質的に含まず、
前記配合物が、ケロシンおよび再生不可能な資源から誘導される他の捕集剤を該配合物の総重量に対して実質的に含まない、
方法。 - 前記泡層を、前記混合物を通して気体をバブリングさせることによって発生させる、
請求項15に記載の方法。
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US20140306162A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
CN103620861B (zh) | 2017-02-15 |
WO2012177620A3 (en) | 2013-02-28 |
SG10201605021PA (en) | 2016-08-30 |
AP2014007373A0 (en) | 2014-01-31 |
EP2724413A2 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
TW201306358A (zh) | 2013-02-01 |
CN103620861A (zh) | 2014-03-05 |
US9972830B2 (en) | 2018-05-15 |
WO2012177620A2 (en) | 2012-12-27 |
EP2724413A4 (en) | 2015-02-11 |
KR101965465B1 (ko) | 2019-04-03 |
JP2018095968A (ja) | 2018-06-21 |
EP2724413B1 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
TWI593157B (zh) | 2017-07-21 |
KR20140039302A (ko) | 2014-04-01 |
BR112013032436A2 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
JP2014526953A (ja) | 2014-10-09 |
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