JP6392282B2 - 2d金属カルコゲニド薄膜のレーザ利用原子層堆積 - Google Patents
2d金属カルコゲニド薄膜のレーザ利用原子層堆積 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6392282B2 JP6392282B2 JP2016176531A JP2016176531A JP6392282B2 JP 6392282 B2 JP6392282 B2 JP 6392282B2 JP 2016176531 A JP2016176531 A JP 2016176531A JP 2016176531 A JP2016176531 A JP 2016176531A JP 6392282 B2 JP6392282 B2 JP 6392282B2
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- thin film
- metal
- chalcogenide
- substrate
- precursor gas
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims description 181
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 132
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 132
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 110
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 title claims description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 216
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 134
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 120
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 119
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005224 laser annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002052 molecular layer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 MoCl 5 Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- FRPMMQHMKVEZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylazanide molybdenum(2+) Chemical compound CN(C)[Mo]N(C)C FRPMMQHMKVEZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- BIRTWROHEBFSNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylazanide;tungsten(2+) Chemical compound [W+2].C[N-]C.C[N-]C BIRTWROHEBFSNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 49
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl disulfide Chemical compound CSSC WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- BKCNDTDWDGQHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(tert-butyldisulfanyl)-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)SSC(C)(C)C BKCNDTDWDGQHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910016001 MoSe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical compound [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
図1は、本明細書に開示された方法を実行するためのレーザ利用ALDシステム(「システム」)10の一例の模式図である。このシステムは、以下で説明される。一例のシステム10は、マサチューセッツ州のウォルサムにあるケンブリッジナノテック(Cambridge Nanotech)から入手可能なフィジーシリーズモジュールの高真空プラズマ系ALDシステムの一つである。
一例では、本明細書に記載の方法は、単一のALD処理チャンバ14で実行することができる。図2に示す一例のシステム10では、システム10は、第1のチャンバとしてのALD処理チャンバ14とともに、第2のALD処理チャンバ114を含む。そして、本明細書に記載された方法は、一つ以上の処理チャンバを用いて実行される。図2のシステム10の構成により、後述するように、処理における最初の工程を、第1のALD処理チャンバ14内で実行し、その後、基板40を取り除き、第2のALD処理チャンバ114内に配置し、ここで処理を継続し、最終の2D層を生成することができる。一例では、第2のALD処理チャンバ114は、第2のレーザ光線52を用いてレーザ処理を実行するように構成することもできる。
ここで、例として、MoS2の形態での金属ジカルコゲニドの実質的な2D層を形成することを挙げて、「直接成長」方法と呼ばれる第1の方法について説明する。後述するように、MoSe,MoTe、WTeなどの金属モノカルコゲニドMXを形成するために、同様の方法が用いられる。採用される特定の金属Mと特定のカルコゲニドXとの価数に応じて、金属モノカルコゲニドまたは金属ジカルコゲニドが形成される。
MoCl5+H2S*→MoS2+HCl
で示される。
ここで、例として、M=MoおよびX=Sの場合を用いて、本明細書において「間接成長」法と呼ばれる第2の方法について説明する。上述したように、MoSe,MoTe、WTeなどの金属モノカルコゲニドMXを形成するために、同様の方法が用いられる。金属MとカルコゲニドXとの価数に応じて、金属モノカルコゲニドまたは金属ジカルコゲニドが形成される。
MoCl5+H2O→MoO3+揮発性副生物
で示される。
MoO3+H2S*→MoS2+揮発性副生物(任意のレーザアニーリングなし)
MoO2+H2S*→MoS2+揮発性副生物(任意のレーザアニーリングあり)
を含む。
Claims (52)
- 金属カルコゲニドの実質的に2次元(2D)の薄膜を基板の表面に形成する方法であって、
a)原子層堆積(ALD)処理を用いて、加熱された基板の前記表面に金属含有分子層を接着することと、
b)前記金属含有分子層を、プラズマを用いて供給されたカルコゲニド含有ラジカル化前駆体ガスと反応させ、非晶質かつ実質的に2Dの金属カルコゲニド薄膜を形成することと、
c)前記非晶質かつ実質的に2Dの金属カルコゲニド薄膜をレーザアニーリングして、非晶質かつ実質的に2Dの金属カルコゲニド薄膜から、実質的に結晶質かつ実質的に2Dの金属カルコゲニド薄膜を形成することとを備え、
前記金属カルコゲニドは、MXまたはMX2の形態を有し、Mは金属であり、Xはカルコゲニドであり、
前記工程c)の前記レーザアニーリングにおいて、レーザ光線がラスター走査される、
方法。 - 前記金属Mは、MoまたはWであり、
前記カルコゲニドXは、S,SeおよびTeのうちの何れかである、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記プラズマは、Xを含有するラジカルを含む、
請求項1または2に記載の方法。 - 前記Xを含有するラジカルは、H2S*を含む、
請求項3に記載の方法。 - 前記基板を処理し、前記基板の前記表面から、実質的に結晶質かつ実質的に2Dの金属カルコゲニド薄膜を除去することをさらに備える、
請求項1から4の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記実質的に結晶質かつ実質的に2Dの金属カルコゲニド薄膜は、25mm×25mm以上の大きさを有する、
請求項1から5の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記c)の工程を実行する前に、前記a)の工程および前記b)の工程を複数回繰り返す、
請求項1から6の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - 金属カルコゲニドの実質的に2次元(2D)の薄膜を基板の表面に形成する方法であって、
a)原子層堆積(ALD)処理を用いて、加熱された基板の前記表面に金属含有分子層を接着することと、
b)酸化前駆体ガスを前記金属含有分子層と反応させて、MO3層を形成することと、
c)前記a)の工程と前記b)の工程とを繰り返し、複数のMO3層を有するMO3薄膜を形成することと、
d)カルコゲニド含有ラジカル化前駆体ガスを、前記MO3薄膜と反応させ、非晶質かつ実質的に2Dの金属カルコゲニド薄膜を形成することと、
e)前記非晶質かつ実質的に2Dの金属カルコゲニド薄膜をレーザアニーリングして、非晶質かつ実質的に2Dの金属カルコゲニド薄膜から、実質的に結晶質かつ実質的に2Dの金属カルコゲニド薄膜を形成することとを備え、
金属カルコゲニドは、MXまたはMX2の形態を有し、Mは金属であり、Xはカルコゲニドである、方法。 - 前記金属Mは、MoおよびWの何れかであり、前記カルコゲニドXは、S,SeおよびTeのうちの何れかである、
請求項8に記載の方法。 - 前記d)の工程は、プラズマを用いて、前記カルコゲニド含有ラジカル化前駆体ガスを供給することを含む、
請求項8または9に記載の方法。 - 前記カルコゲニド含有ラジカル化前駆体ガスは、H2S*を含む、
請求項10に記載の方法。 - 前記基板を処理し、前記基板の前記表面から実質的に結晶質かつ実質的に2Dの金属カルコゲニド薄膜を除去することをさらに備える、
請求項8から11の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - 実質的に結晶質かつ実質的に2Dの金属カルコゲニド薄膜は、25mm×25mm以上の大きさを有する、
請求項8から12の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - 実質的に2次元(2D)の金属カルコゲニド薄膜を基板の表面に形成する方法であって、
a)原子層堆積(ALD)処理を用いて加熱された基板の前記表面に金属含有分子層を接着することと、
b)酸化前駆体ガスを前記金属含有分子層と反応させて、MO3層を形成することと、
c)前記a)の工程と前記b)の工程とを繰り返し、複数のMO3層を有するMO3薄膜を形成することと、
d)前記MO3薄膜をレーザアニーリングし、MO3薄膜からMO2薄膜を形成することと、
e)カルコゲニド含有ラジカル化前駆体ガスを、前記MO2薄膜と反応させ、非晶質かつ実質的に2Dの金属カルコゲニド薄膜を形成することと、
f)前記非晶質かつ実質的に2Dの金属カルコゲニド薄膜をレーザアニーリングして、非晶質かつ実質的に2Dの金属カルコゲニド薄膜から、実質的に結晶質かつ実質的に2Dの金属カルコゲニド薄膜を形成することと
を備え、
金属カルコゲニドは、MXまたはMX2の形態を有し、Mは金属であり、Xはカルコゲニドである、方法。 - 前記金属Mは、MoおよびWの何れかであり、前記カルコゲニドXは、S,SeおよびTeのうちの何れかである、
請求項14に記載の方法。 - 前記e)の工程は、プラズマを用いて、カルコゲニド含有ラジカル化前駆体ガスを供給することを含む、
請求項14または15に記載の方法。 - 前記カルコゲニド含有ラジカル化前駆体ガスは、H2S*を含む、
請求項16に記載の方法。 - 前記基板を処理し、前記基板の前記表面から実質的に結晶質かつ実質的に2Dの金属カルコゲニド薄膜を除去することをさらに備える、
請求項14から17の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - 実質的に結晶質かつ実質的に2Dの金属カルコゲニド薄膜は、25mm×25mm以上の大きさを有する、
請求項14から18の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - 原子層堆積処理を用いて、実質的に2次元(2D)の金属モノカルコゲニド(MX)薄膜または実質的に2次元(2D)の金属ジカルコゲニド(MX2)薄膜を基板の表面に形成する方法であって、
a)0.1トールから0.5トールの範囲内の圧力を有するチャンバ内部に前記基板を配設し、前記基板を150℃から500℃の間の温度に加熱することと、
b)金属Mを有するとともに、前記基板と反応し、前記基板上に残る金属含有前駆体ガスを前記チャンバ内部に導入することと、
c)前記チャンバ内部から過剰な金属含有前駆体ガスを除去することと、
d)プラズマを用いて、前記チャンバ内部に、前記基板上に残存する前記金属含有前駆体ガスと反応するカルコゲニド前駆体ガスを導入し、MXまたはMX2の非晶質薄膜を生成することと、
e)前記チャンバ内部をパージすることと、
f)前記非晶質薄膜上でレーザ光線をラスター走査し、前記非晶質薄膜を600℃から1200℃の間の温度に加熱し、MXまたはMX2の実質的に結晶質かつ実質的に2Dの薄膜を、前記基板表面に生成することと
を備える方法。 - 前記金属Mは、MoおよびWの何れかである、
請求項20に記載の方法。 - 前記カルコゲニドXは、S,SeおよびTeのうちの何れかである、
請求項20または21に記載の方法。 - 前記プラズマは、X含有ラジカルを含む、
請求項20から22の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記X含有ラジカルは、H2S*を含む、
請求項23に記載の方法。 - 前記基板を処理し、前記基板の前記表面から実質的に結晶質かつ実質的に2Dの薄膜を除去することをさらに含む、
請求項20から24の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記レーザ光線は、532nmの公称波長を有する、
請求項20から25の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記d)の工程において、前記カルコゲニド前駆体ガスを供給することは、連続的に、あるいは、間欠的に実行される、
請求項20から26の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記2Dの薄膜は、25mm×25mm以上の大きさを有する、
請求項20から27の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記基板は、シリコンまたはサファイアで形成される、
請求項20から28の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記f)の工程を実行する前に、前記b)から前記e)の工程が複数回繰り返される、請求項20から29の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 原子層堆積処理を用いて、2次元(2D)の金属モノカルコゲニド(MX)薄膜または2次元(2D)の金属ジカルコゲニド(MX2)薄膜を基板の表面に形成する方法であって、
a)0.1トールから0.5トールの範囲内の圧力を有するチャンバ内部に基板を配設し、前記基板を150℃から500℃の間の初期温度に加熱することと、
b)MoおよびWの何れかである金属Mを有する金属含有前駆体ガスを前記チャンバ内部に供給し、過剰な金属含有前駆体ガスのすべてを除去することを含むことと、
c)前記チャンバ内部に酸化前駆体ガスを供給してMO3層を形成し、そして、過剰な酸化剤ガスのすべてを除去することと、
d)前記b)の工程と前記c)の工程とを繰り返して複数のMO3層を有するMO3薄膜を形成することと、
e)プラズマを用いて前記チャンバ内部にカルコゲニド前駆体ガスを導入し、前記カルコゲニド前駆体ガスが、前記MO3薄膜と反応し、MXまたはMX2の非晶質薄膜を生成し、前記チャンバ内部をパージすることと、
f)前記MXまたはMX2の非晶質薄膜上でレーザ光線を走査し、前記MXまたはMX2の非晶質薄膜を、650℃から1200℃の間の温度に加熱し、MXまたはMX2の実質的な結晶質薄膜を生成することと
を備える、方法。 - 前記酸化前駆体ガスは、H2O,O3,O*およびO2の何れかである、
請求項31に記載の方法。 - 前記カルコゲニド前駆体ガスは、硫黄を含む、
請求項31または32に記載の方法。 - 前記金属含有前駆体ガスは、ビス(tert−ブチルイミド)ビス(ジメチルアミド)モリブデン、MoCl5、モリブデンヘキサカルボニル、ビス(tert−ブチルイミド)ビス(ジメチルアミド)タングステン、WH2(iPrCp)2およびWF6からなる前駆体ガスの群から選択される、請求項31から33の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記レーザ光線は、532nmの公称波長を有する、
請求項31から34の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記e)の工程において、前記カルコゲニド前駆体ガスを供給することは、連続的に、あるいは、間欠的に実行される、請求項31から35の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記基板の前記表面から実質的に結晶質のMXまたはMX2の薄膜を除去することをさらに備える、
請求項31から36の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - レーザ走査は、ラスター走査で実行される、
請求項31から37の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記基板は、シリコンまたはサファイアで形成される、
請求項31から38の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記基板は、加熱されたチャックによって支持され、前記a)の工程において、前記基板は、前記加熱されたチャックによって前記初期温度に加熱される、請求項31から39の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記MO3薄膜は、3層から8層の間のMO3層を有する、
請求項31から40の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - 原子層堆積処理を用いて、2次元(2D)の金属モノカルコゲニド(MX)薄膜または2次元(2D)の金属ジカルコゲニド(MX2)薄膜を基板の表面に形成する方法であって、
a)0.1トールから0.5トールの範囲内の圧力を有するチャンバ内部に基板を配設し、前記基板を150℃と500℃との間の初期温度に加熱することと、
b)MoおよびWの何れかである金属Mを有する金属含有前駆体ガスを前記チャンバ内部に供給し、過剰な金属含有前駆体ガスのすべてを除去することを含むことと、
c)前記チャンバ内部に酸化前駆体ガスを供給し、MO3層を形成し、そして、過剰な酸化ガスを除去することと、
d)前記b)の工程と前記c)の工程とを繰り返し、複数のMO3層を有するMO3薄膜を形成することと、
e)前記MO3薄膜をレーザアニーリングし、MO2薄膜を形成することと、
f)プラズマを用いて前記チャンバ内部にカルコゲニド前駆体ガスを導入し、前記カルコゲニド前駆体ガスが、前記MO2薄膜と反応し、MXまたはMX2の非晶質薄膜を生成し、そして、前記チャンバ内部をパージすることと、
g)前記MXまたはMX2の非晶質薄膜上でレーザ光線を走査し、前記MXまたはMX2の非晶質薄膜を、650℃から1200℃の間の温度に加熱し、MXまたはMX2の実質的な結晶質薄膜を生成することと
を備える方法。 - 前記酸化前駆体ガスは、H2O,O3,O*およびO2の何れかである、
請求項42に記載の方法。 - 前記カルコゲニド前駆体ガスは、硫黄を含む、
請求項42または43に記載の方法。 - 前記金属含有前駆体ガスは、ビス(tert−ブチルイミド)ビス(ジメチルアミド)モリブデン、MoCl5、モリブデンヘキサカルボニル、ビス(tert−ブチルイミド)ビス(ジメチルアミド)タングステン、WH2(iPrCp)2およびWF6からなる前駆体ガスの群から選択される、
請求項42から44の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記レーザ光線は、532nmの公称波長を有する、
請求項42から45の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記e)の工程において、前記カルコゲニド前駆体ガスを供給することは、連続的に、あるいは、間欠的に実行される、
請求項42から46の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記基板の前記表面から実質的に結晶質のMXまたはMX2の薄膜を除去することをさらに備える、
請求項42から47の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - レーザ走査は、ラスター走査で実行される、
請求項42から48の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記基板は、シリコンまたはサファイアで形成される、
請求項42から49の何れか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記基板は、加熱されたチャックによって支持され、前記a)の工程において、前記基板は、前記加熱されたチャックによって前記初期温度に加熱される、請求項42から50の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記MO3薄膜は、3層から8層の間のMO3層を有する、
請求項42から51の何れか1項に記載の方法。
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