JP6384821B2 - がん細胞阻害薬、がん幹細胞検出用プローブ - Google Patents
がん細胞阻害薬、がん幹細胞検出用プローブ Download PDFInfo
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- JP6384821B2 JP6384821B2 JP2013222025A JP2013222025A JP6384821B2 JP 6384821 B2 JP6384821 B2 JP 6384821B2 JP 2013222025 A JP2013222025 A JP 2013222025A JP 2013222025 A JP2013222025 A JP 2013222025A JP 6384821 B2 JP6384821 B2 JP 6384821B2
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Description
X1 −は陰イオン性基を表し、
Y1は*1,*2,*5を含む基で、Y1は以下のいずれかで表わされ、
*1−S−*5−*2、*1−O−*5−*2、*1−C(−R11,−R12)−*5−*2、*1−*5−CH=CH−*2、
ただし、R11、R12は各々独立して、アルキル基を表し、R11とR12は互いに結合して、環を形成してもよく、
Y2は*3,*4,*6を含む基で、Y2は以下のいずれかを表し、
*4=*6−S−*3、*4=*6−O−*3、*4=*6−C(−R51,−R52)−*3、
*4=*6−CH=CH−*3、*4=CH−CH=*6−*3、
ただし、R51、R52は各々独立して、アルキル基を表し、R51とR52は互いに結合して、環を形成してもよく、
Aから*5、*6で示される炭素原子までを含む基は一般式(2)または、(3)で示される。
一般式(3)中、R16は、水素原子、フェニル基、チオール基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、ハロゲン原子を表し、
R17、R18は、各々独立して、水素原子、アルキル基、アルキルオキシカルボニル基を表す。)
がん細胞阻害薬とは、がん細胞の増殖、分裂、転移、機能を抑制したり、がん細胞を殺傷する機能を有する組成物をいう。また、本発明の化合物は、その発光を測定することにより、がん細胞の検出及び観察が可能である。
本発明の化合物は、一般式(1)で表される化合物を含むことを特徴とする。
X1 −は陰イオン性基を表し、
Y1は*1,*2,*5を含む基で、Y1は以下のいずれかを表し、
*1−S−*5−*2(化合物1から12,29,39,42に例示される)
*1−O−*5−*2(化合物13から19,23,28,33,38,41,44,56,57に例示される)
*1−C(−R11,−R12)−*5−*2(化合物20から22,24から27,30から32,37,40,43,49から55,58に例示される)
*1−*5−CH=CH−*2(化合物34から36,45から48に例示される)
ただし、R11、R12は各々独立して、アルキル基を表し、R11とR12は互いに結合して、環を形成してもよく、
Y2は*3,*4,*6を含む基で、Y2は以下のいずれかを表し、
*4=*6−S−*3(化合物1から12,29,34,39,42に例示される)
*4=*6−O−*3(化合物13から19,23,28,33,35,38,41,44,56,57に例示される)
*4=*6−C(−R51,−R52)−*3(化合物20から22,24から27,30から32,36,37,40,43,49から55,58に例示される)
*4=*6−CH=CH−*3(化合物45,47,48に例示される)
*4=CH−CH=*6−*3(化合物46に例示される)
ただし、R51、R52は各々独立して、アルキル基を表し、R51とR52は互いに結合して、環を形成してもよく、
Aから*5、*6で示される炭素原子までを含む基は一般式(2)または、(3)で示され、
一般式(3)中、R16は、水素原子、フェニル基、チオール基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、ハロゲン原子を表し、
R17、18は、各々独立して、水素原子、アルキル基、アルキルオキシカルボニル基を表す。
アルキルカルボニルオキシアルキル基としては、特に限定されるものではないが、メチルカルボニルオキシメチル基、エチルカルボニルオキシメチル基、エチルカルボニルオキシエチル基、エチルカルボニルオキシブチル基、プロピルカルボニルオキシメチル基等が挙げられる。
本発明の化合物の好ましい一例として、一般式(4)で表わされる化合物をあげることができる。
R29〜R31は、各々独立して、水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基を表し、mは0〜2の数字を表す。
X2 −は陰イオン性基を表し、
Y3、Y4は酸素原子、硫黄原子、アルキレン基を表し、アルキレン基は置換基を有してよく、その場合の置換基はアルキル基であり、置換基が複数ある場合には、置換基どうしが結合して、脂肪族環を形成してもよい。
前記一般式(4)中のY3、Y4は、それぞれ独立して、酸素原子、硫黄原子、アルキレン基を表し、アルキレン基は置換基を有してよく、その場合の置換基はアルキル基であり、置換基が複数ある場合には、置換基同士が結合して、脂肪族環を形成してもよい。
本発明の化合物の好ましい一例として、一般式(5)で表わされる化合物をあげることができる
R44は、水素原子、フェニル基、チオール基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、ハロゲン原子を表し、R45、R46は、各々独立して、水素原子、アルキル基、アルキルカルボニルオキシ基を表す。
X3 −は陰イオン性基を表し、
Y5、Y6は酸素原子、硫黄原子、アルキレン基を表し、アルキレン基は置換基を有してよく、その場合の置換基はアルキル基であり、置換基同士が結合して、脂肪族環を形成してもよい。
前記一般式(5)中のR36〜R43におけるアルキル基としては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
また、本発明の化合物の好ましい一例として、一般式(6)で表わされる化合物をあげることができる。
X4 −は陰イオン性基を表す。
アルコキシカルボニルアルキル基としては、特に限定されるものではないが、メトキシカルボニルメチル基、メトキシカルボニルエチル基、エトキシカルボニルエチル基、ブトキシカルボニルエチル基、メトキシカルボニルプロピル基などが挙げられ、
アルキルカルボニルオキシアルキル基としては、特に限定されるものではないが、メチルカルボニルオキシメチル基、エチルカルボニルオキシメチル基、エチルカルボニルオキシエチル基、エチルカルボニルオキシブチル基、プロピルカルボニルオキシメチル基等が挙げられる。
本明細書中、がん幹細胞(Cancer Stem Cell)とは、幹細胞の性質を持ったがん細胞である。幹細胞とは、自己複製能と様々な細胞に分化できる多分化能の2つの機能を持つ細胞を意味する。
本発明の化合物により阻害されるがんは、特に限定はされない。例えば、乳がん、脳腫瘍、胃がん、前立腺がん、膵臓がん、肺がん、大腸がん、小腸がん、結腸がん、直腸がん、食道がん、十二指腸がん、舌がん、咽頭がん、肝臓がん、子宮内膜がん、子宮頸がん、腎臓がん、胆管がん、卵巣がん、膀胱がん、皮膚がん、血管がん、唾液腺がん、甲状腺がん、副甲状腺がん、鼻腔がん、副鼻腔がん、陰茎がん、小児固形がん、悪性リンパ腫、悪性黒色腫、網膜肉腫、精巣腫瘍、骨髄腫、肉腫、血管線維腫、白血病等が挙げられ、好ましくは、膵臓がん、前立腺がん、白血病などである。特に、適応可能ながんに、がん幹細胞が含有され、または、がん幹細胞に起源するものが含まれていても良い。
本発明の化合物の、がんを抑制効果を確認する試験に用いる被験体としては、特に限定されるわけではないが、例えば、脊椎動物としては、トラフグ、クサフグ、ミドリフグ、メダカ、ゼブラフィッシュ等の硬骨魚類、アフリカツメガエル等の両性類、ニワトリ、ウズラ等の鳥類、ヒト、サル、チンパンジー、ウシ、ウマ、ブタ、イヌ、ネコ、マウス、ラット、モルモット、ハムスター、ウサギ等の哺乳動物、ラット、マウス、ハムスター等の小動物、ヤギ、ブタ、イヌ、ネコ、ウシ、ウマ等の大動物、サル、チンパンジー、ヒト等が挙げられる。好ましくは、ヒト、マウス、ラット、イヌ、ネコ等である。
一般に、転移性のがんに関して挙動追跡することは、培養細胞では困難とされている。そのため、本発明では、転移性のがんに関して挙動追跡するために、特に、移植モデル動物を好適に用いる。
本発明の化合物は、選択的ながん幹細胞の検出に用いること可能であるためがん幹細胞検出プローブとして好適に用いることができる。すなわち、本発明はがん細胞検出用プローブを含む。
以下に実施例を挙げて、本発明をより詳細に説明するが、これらの実施例は、本発明のより一層の深い理解のために示される具体例であって、本発明は、これらの具体例に何ら限定されるものではない。
下記表1における化合物を、5μMのDMSO溶液を調製し、日立ハイテク社製FL4500蛍光分光測定機で励起波長及び蛍光波長を測定した。
ヒト膵臓がん細胞、KLM−1をRPMI1640培地に10%FBSを加えた培地で37℃、5%CO2環境下で前培養した。その後、96−ウェルプレートの各ウェルに4,000個ずつ播種し、更に、24時間培養した。次に、化合物(1)を最終濃度10μg/mLになるように培地に添加し、37℃、5%CO2環境下、24時間培養した。培養した細胞をCellTiter−Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay(プロメガ社製)を用いて、生存細胞数を解析した。基準として、上記操作法にて化合物(1)を培地に添加する代わりに、0.1%のジメチルスルホキシド溶液(以下、DMSOと略する)を添加した培地で培養された細胞数を100として用いた。
実験例1において化合物(1)を表2で表わされる他の化合物に変更した以外は、実験例1と同様な操作を行い、生存細胞数を解析した。
膵臓がん細胞(KLM−1)に対するがん細胞の阻害(増殖抑制)評価は以下の基準に基づいた。なお本実施例の増殖率とは、培養後の生存細胞数が、培養開始時の細胞数値に占める割合をパーセンテージで示したものである。
A:がん細胞増殖率が20%未満(がん細胞の阻害(増殖抑制)効果が非常に高い)
B:がん細胞増殖率が20%以上50%未満(がん細胞の阻害(増殖抑制)効果が高い)
C:がん細胞増殖率が50%以上(がん細胞の阻害(増殖抑制)効果が低い)
前立腺がん細胞、PC−3をRPMI1640培地に10%FBSを加えた培地で37℃、5%CO2環境下、前培養した。その後、96−ウェルプレートの各ウェルに4,000個ずつ播種し、更に、24時間培養した。次に、化合物(1)を最終濃度10μg/mlになるように培地に添加し、37℃、5%CO2環境下、24時間培養した。培養した細胞をCell Titer−Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay(プロメガ社製)を用いて、生存細胞数を解析した。基準として、上記操作法にて化合物(1)を培地に添加する代わりに、0.1%のジメチルスルホキシド溶液(以下、DMSOと略する)を投与したものを100とした。
実験例24において化合物(1)の代わりに、表2で表わされるその他の化合物に変更した以外は、実験例24と同様な操作を行い、生存細胞数を解析した。
実験例24において、化合物(1)の代わりに、比較化合物1〜4に変更した以外は、実験例24と同様な操作を行い、生存細胞数を解析し、増殖率を求めた。
A:がん細胞増殖率が20%未満(がん細胞の阻害(増殖抑制)効果が非常に高い)
B:がん細胞増殖率が20%以上50%未満(がん細胞の阻害(増殖抑制)効果が高い)
C:がん細胞増殖率が50%以上(がん細胞の阻害(増殖抑制)効果が低い)
ヒト慢性骨髄性白血病細胞、K562をRPMI1640培地に10%FBSを加えた培地で37℃、5%CO2環境下で前培養した。更に、がん幹細胞マーカーとしてのALDEFLUOR試薬(ベリタス社製)とFACSAriaフローサイトメトリー(日本ベクトンディッキンソン社製)を用いて、80%以上のがん幹細胞を含む分画を抽出した。次に、化合物(16)を最終濃度0.05μg/mlになるように培地に添加し、37℃、5%CO2環境下で24時間培養した。培養した細胞をCellTiter−Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay(プロメガ社製)を用いて、生存細胞数を解析した。基準として、上記操作法にて化合物(1)を培地に添加する代わりに、0.1%のジメチルスルホキシド溶液(以下、DMSOと略する)を投与したものを0.1として用いた。なお、この後、ALDEFLUOR試薬で陽性の分画(がん幹細胞と判断される)をALDH(+)、ALDEFLUOR試薬で陰性の分画(がん幹細胞でないと判断される)をALDH(―)と示す場合がある。
実験例37において、化合物(16)の代わりに、表3に示すその他の化合物及び最終濃度量に変更した以外は、実験例37と同様の操作で実施し、それぞれの生存細胞数を解析した。
実験例37において、化合物(16)の代わりに、表3に示す一般的な抗がん剤であるImatinib(NOVARTIS社製)、比較化合物及び最終濃度量に変更した以外は、実験例37と同様の操作で実施し、それぞれの生存細胞数を解析した。
A:ALDH(+)の増殖率が0.5未満 (がん幹細胞に対して増殖抑制効果が非常に高い)
B:ALDH(+)の増殖率が0.5以上0.95未満(がん幹細胞に対して増殖抑制効果が高い)
C:ALDH(+)の増殖率が0.95以上(がん幹細胞に増殖抑制効果がない)
また、がん幹細胞とがん細胞を比較し、がん幹細胞の優位性評価を以下の基準に基づいて評価した。
A:ALDH(+)の増殖率/ALDH(−)の増殖率の値が0.8未満
(がん幹細胞に対して選択的阻害効果が非常に高い)
B:ALDH(+)の増殖率/ALDH(−)の増殖率の値が0.8以上0.95未満(がん幹細胞に対して選択的阻害効果が高い)
C:ALDH(+)の増殖率/ALDH(−)の増殖率の値が0.95以上
(がん幹細胞に選択的阻害効果がない)
各実験例39、42、45において、24時間培養した細胞をHoechest33342(同仁化学研究所製)で核染色し、AXIOVERT200M倒立型蛍光顕微鏡(カールツァイス社製)を用いて、蛍光画像を撮影した。それぞれの化合物で、ALDH(+)の細胞が染色された割合と、ALDH(−)の細胞が染色された割合をそれぞれパーセンテージで示した値を表5に示す。
ヒト慢性骨髄性白血病細胞に蛍光タンパク質Kusabira−Orangeを恒常発現させた細胞株K562−KOrから、がん幹細胞マーカーとしてのALDEFLUOR試薬(ベリタス社製)とFACSAriaフローサイトメトリー(日本ベクトンディッキンソン社製)を用いて、80%以上のがん幹細胞を含む分画(ALDH(+))を抽出した。ALDH(+)と通常のがん細胞ALDH(−)をそれぞれ、ゼブラフィッシュ稚魚(MieKomachi系統、受精後2日齢)に移植し、32℃環境で飼育した。また、移植24時間後、化合物(16)を最終濃度0.5μMになるよう飼育水に添加し、2日間、32℃環境で飼育した。
ゼブラフィッシュ稚魚に移植された細胞を、MZ16F蛍光実体顕微鏡(ライカマイクロシステムズ社製)を用いて24時間後の蛍光画像を撮影し、蛍光強度を数値化した。
基準として、上記操作法にて化合物(16)を培地に添加する代わりに、0.1%のDMSO溶液を投与したものの蛍光強度を用いた。
実験例74において、化合物(16)の代わりに、Imatinibに変更した以外は、実験例74と同様の操作で蛍光画像を撮影し、蛍光強度を数値化した。
KLM1細胞に蛍光タンパク質Kusabira−Orangeを恒常発現させた細胞株K562−KOrからALDEFLUOR試薬(ベリタス社製)とFACSAriaフローサイトメトリー(日本ベクトンディッキンソン社製)を用いて、80%以上のがん幹細胞を含む分画(ALDH(+))を抽出した。得られたKLM1−KOr細胞をゼブラフィッシュ稚魚(MieKomachi系統、受精後2日齢)に移植し、32℃環境で飼育した。また、移植24時間後、化合物(26)(745μmol/KgBW)を卵黄嚢内に投与した。
72時間後、ゼブラフィッシュ稚魚に移植された細胞を、MZ16F蛍光実体顕微鏡(ライカマイクロシステムズ社製)を用いて、移植腫瘍部から300〜450μm領域の蛍光画像を撮影し、蛍光強度を数値化した。
基準として、上記操作法にて化合物(26)を用いる代わりに、0.1%のDMSO溶液を添加した培地で培養された細胞の蛍光強度を用いた。
実験例75において、化合物(26)を用いる代わりに、Imatinib、Dasatinibに変更した以外は、実験例26と同様の操作で蛍光画像を撮影した。
実験例75及び比較例18、19のゼブラフィッシュ稚魚に移植されたがん細胞の転移巣(移植腫瘍部から300〜450μm領域)のがん細胞の阻害率を表6に示す。
ここで阻害率は、試験物質を添加したときの蛍光強度をF1、基準物質(DMSO)を添加したときの蛍光強度をF0として、100×(1−F1/F0)のように求めた。
A:阻害率の値が70以上
(がん幹細胞の転移巣(移植腫瘍から300-450μm領域)に対して増殖抑制効果が非常に高い)
B:阻害率の値が50以上70未満
(がん幹細胞の転移巣(移植腫瘍から300-450μm領域)に対して増殖抑制効果が高い)
C:阻害率の値が50未満
(がん幹細胞の転移巣(移植腫瘍から300-450μm領域)に増殖抑制効果が低い)
Claims (8)
- 前記化合物(4),(5),(7),(10),(11),(16),(20),(21),(24),(26),(27),(30),(31),(34),(35),(37),(40),(43),(45),(46),(47),(49)より選択される1種類以上の化合物を含む、請求項1に記載の細胞増殖阻害薬。
- 前記化合物(17),(18),(22),(28),(32),(33),(50),(51),(54),(55),(56),(57),(58),(59),(60)より選択される1種類以上の化合物を含む、請求項1に記載の細胞増殖阻害薬。
- 請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の細胞増殖阻害薬を有効成分として含む、膵臓がん細胞、前立腺がん細胞、及び慢性骨髄性白血病のがん幹細胞の何れかの細胞検出用プローブ。
- 請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の細胞増殖阻害薬と生物試料を接触させて染色する、膵臓がん細胞、前立腺がん細胞、及び慢性骨髄性白血病のがん幹細胞の何れかの標識方法。
- 前記生物試料が、がん細胞の移植モデル動物であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の標識方法。
- 前記染色が、in vivoで行われる請求項5に記載の標識方法。
- 請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の細胞増殖阻害薬と生物試料を接触させて染色し、該生物試料に対し、励起光を照射して前記生物試料の蛍光画像を取得する、膵臓がん細胞、前立腺がん細胞、及び慢性骨髄性白血病のがん幹細胞の何れかの画像取得方法。
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