JP6366550B2 - 導電性ポリマー用高分子化合物及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
導電性ポリマー用高分子化合物及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
PSSをドーパントとしたポリチオフェンは高導電性かつ高透明であるためにITO(インジウム−スズ酸化物)に換わる有機EL照明用の導電膜として期待されている。しかしながら有機ELの発光体は、水分によって化学変化し発光しなくなる。つまり、水溶性樹脂の導電膜を有機ELに用いると、樹脂が水を含むために有機ELの発光寿命が短くなってしまうという問題がある。
下記一般式(1)で示される繰り返し単位aを1種以上含む導電性ポリマー用高分子化合物であって、重量平均分子量が1,000〜500,000の範囲のものである導電性ポリマー用高分子化合物を提供する。
スルホンイミド基とリチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、又は窒素化合物からなる塩の構造を有するモノマーを用いて重合反応を行い、重合後、イオン交換によって、前記スルホンイミド基とリチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、又は窒素化合物からなる塩の構造をスルホンイミド基に変換する導電性ポリマー用高分子化合物の製造方法を提供する。
この導電性ポリマー用高分子化合物を燃料電池に用いることによって、高誘電率な燃料電池用材料を形成することができる。また、共役二重結合ポリマー用のドーパントとして用いることによって、高透明、高導電性で耐久性の高い導電膜を形成することが可能になる。また、本発明の導電性ポリマー用高分子化合物は特定の超強酸のスルホンイミド基を有しており、このスルホンイミド基は、片側にフッ素化されたアルキル基が結合したスルホン基を有し、もう片側にスルホン酸エステル基を有する構造となっている。両側の基の電子吸引効果によって、このスルホンイミド基は酸性度が高くなり、α位がフッ素化されたスルホン酸と同程度の超強酸となる。従って、本発明の導電性ポリマー用高分子化合物は、この超強酸による強いイオン結合によって、ドーパントとしての能力が高く、また、イオンとしての安定性の高いものとなる。そのため、これを導電性材料として用いた場合に高い導電性と安定性を示す。さらに、有機溶剤への溶解性に優れるため、有機EL照明用の導電膜に用いることで、有機EL素子の劣化を防止することができる。
また、本発明の製造方法であれば、このような本発明の導電性ポリマー用高分子化合物を容易に製造することができる。
R2は単結合、エステル基、あるいはエーテル基、エステル基のいずれか又はこれらの両方を有していてもよい炭素数1〜12の直鎖状、分岐状、環状の炭化水素基のいずれかであり、炭化水素基としては、例えばアルキレン基、アリーレン基(例えば、フェニレン基、ナフチレン基など)、アルケニレン基等が挙げられる。
Zは単結合、フェニレン基、ナフチレン基、エーテル基、エステル基のいずれかである。
aは、0<a≦1.0である。
即ち、本発明の製造方法は、下記一般式(1)で示される繰り返し単位aを含む導電性ポリマー用高分子化合物の製造方法であって、
スルホンイミド基とリチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、又は窒素化合物からなる塩の構造を有するモノマーを用いて重合反応を行い、重合後、イオン交換によって、前記スルホンイミド基とリチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、又は窒素化合物からなる塩の構造をスルホンイミド基に変換する導電性ポリマー用高分子化合物の製造方法である。
また、繰り返し単位aを形成する2種類以上のモノマーがランダムに共重合されていても、それぞれがブロックで共重合されていてもよい。ブロック共重合ポリマー(ブロックコポリマー)を導電膜とした場合は、2種類以上の繰り返し単位aからなる繰り返し単位部分同士が凝集して海島構造を形成することによって導電性が向上するメリットが期待される。
なお、a+b+c=1であることが好ましい。
このとき、イオン交換は、例えばイオン交換樹脂を用いて行えばよい。
この導電性ポリマー用高分子化合物を燃料電池に用いることによって、高誘電率な燃料電池用材料を形成することができる。また、共役二重結合ポリマー用のドーパントとして用いることによって、高透明、高導電性で耐久性の高い導電膜を形成することが可能になる。本発明の導電性ポリマー用高分子化合物は特定の超強酸のスルホンイミド基を有しているため、強いイオン結合によってドーパントとしての能力が高く、また、イオンとしての安定性の高いものとなる。そのため、これを導電性材料として用いた場合に高い導電性と安定性を示す。さらに、有機溶剤への溶解性に優れるため、有機EL照明用の導電膜に用いることで、有機EL素子の劣化を防止することができる。
また、本発明の製造方法であれば、このような本発明の導電性ポリマー用高分子化合物を容易に製造することができる。
ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウム=メタクリロイルオキシエチル−N−[(トリフルオロメチル)スルホニル]スルファメート
窒素雰囲気下、64℃で撹拌したメタノール37.5gに、モノマー1の49.1gと2,2’−アゾビス(イソ酪酸)ジメチル5.13gをメタノール112.5gに溶かした溶液を4時間かけて滴下した。さらに64℃で4時間撹拌した。室温まで冷却した後、1,000gの酢酸エチルに激しく撹拌しながら滴下した。生じた固形物を濾過して取り、50℃で15時間真空乾燥して、白色重合体26.2gを得た。
得られた白色重合体を純水912gに溶解し、イオン交換樹脂を用いてベンジルトリメチルアンモニウム塩をスルホンイミド基に変換した。得られた重合体を19F−NMR、1H−NMR、及びGPC測定したところ、以下の分析結果となった。
重量平均分子量(Mw)=46,000
分子量分布(Mw/Mn)=1.59
この高分子化合物を(ポリマー1)とする。
窒素雰囲気下、64℃で撹拌したメタノール37.5gに、モノマー1の24.6gとスチレンスルホン酸リチウム9.5gと2,2’−アゾビス(イソ酪酸)ジメチル5.13gをメタノール112.5gに溶かした溶液を4時間かけて滴下した。さらに64℃で4時間撹拌した。室温まで冷却した後、1,000gの酢酸エチルに激しく撹拌しながら滴下した。生じた固形物を濾過して取り、50℃で15時間真空乾燥して白色重合体28.3gを得た。
得られた白色重合体を純水912gに溶解し、イオン交換樹脂を用いてベンジルトリメチルアンモニウム塩とリチウム塩をスルホンイミド基とスルホ基にそれぞれ変換した。得られた重合体を19F−NMR、1H−NMR、及びGPC測定したところ、以下の分析結果となった。
共重合組成比(モル比) モノマー1:スチレンスルホン酸=1:1
重量平均分子量(Mw)=41,000
分子量分布(Mw/Mn)=1.63
この高分子化合物を(ポリマー2)とする。
Claims (5)
- 下記一般式(1)で示される繰り返し単位aを1種以上含む導電性ポリマー用高分子化合物であって、重量平均分子量が1,000〜500,000の範囲のものであることを特徴とする導電性ポリマー用高分子化合物。
- 下記一般式(1)で示される繰り返し単位aを含む導電性ポリマー用高分子化合物の製造方法であって、
スルホンイミド基とリチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、又は窒素化合物からなる塩の構造を有するモノマーを用いて重合反応を行い、重合後、イオン交換によって、前記スルホンイミド基とリチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、又は窒素化合物からなる塩の構造をスルホンイミド基に変換することを特徴とする導電性ポリマー用高分子化合物の製造方法。
- 前記スルホンイミド基とリチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、又は窒素化合物からなる塩の構造を有するモノマーを用いて重合反応を行って得られた重合体が、下記一般式(4)で示される繰り返し単位を含むものであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の導電性ポリマー用高分子化合物の製造方法。
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