JP6316960B2 - 放射線検出器用ubm電極構造体、放射線検出器及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
放射線検出器用ubm電極構造体、放射線検出器及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6316960B2 JP6316960B2 JP2016531222A JP2016531222A JP6316960B2 JP 6316960 B2 JP6316960 B2 JP 6316960B2 JP 2016531222 A JP2016531222 A JP 2016531222A JP 2016531222 A JP2016531222 A JP 2016531222A JP 6316960 B2 JP6316960 B2 JP 6316960B2
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- radiation detector
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims description 177
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 56
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- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 65
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- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 54
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
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- 229910004613 CdTe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 6
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 24
- MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NNN=N1 MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 18
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- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229920002577 polybenzoxazole Polymers 0.000 description 11
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000004687 hexahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004685 tetrahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018100 Ni-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018532 Ni—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- CEKJAYFBQARQNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Cd] CEKJAYFBQARQNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003353 gold alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002344 gold compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000879 optical micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003017 phosphorus Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/24—Measuring radiation intensity with semiconductor detectors
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- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
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Description
図4は本発明の一実施形態に係る放射線検出器2000を示す模式図である。図4は、図2の一部を拡大した図である。放射線検出器2000は、UBM層230を介して、バンプ570を電極層13に接続する。本実施形態に係るUBM層230は、Pt又はAu電極層13上にスパッタにより形成したNi層231と、Ni層231上にスパッタにより形成したAu層233とを備える。
実施形態に係る放射線検出器2000の製造方法について説明する。放射線検出器2000の製造方法は、例えば、基板製造工程、電極形成工程、ダイシング工程及び集積回路基板接続工程を含むが、これらに限定されるものではない。図5は、本発明の一実施形態に係る放射線検出器2000の製造工程を示す模式図である。
実施形態1においては、UBM層をスパッタにより形成する例を説明した。本実施形態においては、スパッタと無電解めっきを組合せてUBM層を形成する例について説明する。図7は本発明の一実施形態に係る放射線検出器3000を示す模式図である。図7は、図2の一部を拡大した図である。放射線検出器3000は、UBM層330を介して、バンプ570を電極層13に接続する。本実施形態に係るUBM層330は、Pt又はAu電極層13上にスパッタにより形成したNi層331と、Ni層331上に無電解めっきにより順次形成したNi層333及びAu層335とを備える。
実施形態に係る放射線検出器3000の製造方法について説明する。放射線検出器3000の製造方法は、例えば、基板製造工程、電極形成工程、ダイシング工程及び集積回路基板接続を含むが、これらに限定されるものではない。図8は、本発明の一実施形態に係る放射線検出器3000の製造工程を示す模式図である。
実施形態3においては、Ni層とAu層との間にPd層を配置したUBM層を形成する例について説明する。図11は本発明の一実施形態に係る放射線検出器4000を示す模式図である。図11は、図2の一部を拡大した図である。放射線検出器4000は、UBM層430を介して、バンプ570を電極層13に接続する。本実施形態に係るUBM層430は、Pt又はAu電極層13上にスパッタにより形成したNi層431と、Ni層431上に形成したPd層433、及びPd層433上に形成したAu層435とを備える。なお、本実施形態において、Pd層433は、スパッタ又は無電解めっきにより形成することができる。
実施形態に係る放射線検出器4000の製造方法について説明する。放射線検出器4000の製造方法は、例えば、基板製造工程、電極形成工程、ダイシング工程及び集積回路基板接続を含むが、これらに限定されるものではない。図12は、本発明の一実施形態に係る放射線検出器4000の製造工程を示す模式図である。
実施形態4においては、UBM層を配置した電極層13どうしの間を絶縁膜により分離する例について説明する。図15は本発明の一実施形態に係る放射線検出器6000を示す模式図である。図15は、図2の一部を拡大した図に対応する。図15において、放射線検出器6000は、一例としてUBM層430を介して、バンプ570を電極層13に接続する。
実施形態に係る放射線検出器6000の製造方法について説明する。放射線検出器6000の製造方法において、放射線検出器用UBM電極構造体400を形成するまでの工程は、実施形態3と同様であるため、詳細な説明は省略する。
基板の表面にフォトレジストを塗布し、ピクセル電極パターンが描かれたフォトマスクを用いてフォトレジストを露光した。そして、現像することにより感光したフォトレジストを除去する。臭化水素:臭素:水をモル濃度で1:0.006:6の割合で混合したエッチング液に基板を浸漬し、室温で基板の研磨面をエッチングして基板の表面から加工変質層を除去した。メタノールを用いて基板からエッチング液を除去し、純水を用いて基板からメタノールを除去した。
CdZnTe基板(111)を用意し、CdZnTe基板20の面上にフォトレジストを塗布し、フォトリソグラフィー法により電極パターン状の膜厚3μmのレジストパターン12を形成した。フォトレジスト膜で被覆されたCdZnTe基板を、臭化水素:臭素:水をモル濃度で1:0.006:6の割合で混合したエッチング液を用いて基板20をエッチングした。基板20のレジストパターン形成面の露出部分に存在する不純物や、基板20の切出し工程で発生する加工変質層などを除去した。
比較例1として、Ni層231の膜厚を1.0μmとしたこと以外は、上述した実施例1〜3と同様にパターン電極を形成した。
実施例1〜3および比較例1で形成したUBM層230について、JIS・H8504に準拠した「めっきの密着性試験方法」のうち「テープ試験方法」により、密着性を評価した。形成したパターン電極面にテープ試験を行うため、セロファンテープ(ニチバン#405、密着力3.98N/cm)を貼った上で剥がし、電極13がセロファンテープ側に付着したまま基板から剥離しないか、確認した。密着性の評価結果を表1に示す。結果として、ニッケルX=1.0μmでは、テープに電極が付着して、基板から剥がれたが、X≦0.6では、基板に電極が残り、テープに付着しなかった。
CdZnTe基板(111)を用意し、CdZnTe基板20の面上にフォトレジストを塗布し、フォトリソグラフィー法により電極パターン状のレジストパターン12を形成した。フォトレジスト膜で被覆されたCdZnTe基板を、臭化水素:臭素:水をモル濃度で1:0.006:6の割合で混合したエッチング液を用いて基板20をエッチングした。基板20のレジストパターン形成面の露出部分に存在する不純物や、基板20の切出し工程で発生する加工変質層などを除去した。
比較例2として、スパッタによるNi層331を形成せずに、Ni層333及びAu層335を形成した。比較例2では、無電解Niめっき時にCdZnTe基板上に形成したPt、Auめっき電極が浸食を受けて抵抗が大きくなり、電極として機能しなかった。
実施例14として、Ni層431とAu層435との間にPd層433を配置したUBM層430を形成した。CdZnTe基板(111)を用意し、CdZnTe基板20の面上にフォトレジストを塗布し、フォトリソグラフィー法により電極パターン状のレジストパターンを形成した。フォトレジスト膜で被覆されたCdZnTe基板20を、臭化水素:臭素:水をモル濃度で1:0.006:6の割合で混合したエッチング液を用いて基板をエッチングした。CdZnTe基板20のレジストパターン形成面の露出部分に存在する不純物や、CdZnTe基板20の切出し工程で発生する加工変質層などを除去した。
実施例15として、電極層13と電極層13との間に絶縁膜610を形成した。これにより電極間を介した電流のリークによる検出信号の劣化を抑制し、剥き出しになっている電極間の基板表面が水分等との接触することで基板自体の特性が変化することも防ぐことができる。絶縁膜としては当初SiO2膜を化学気層堆積法で形成しフッ酸で電極部分を選択エッチングする方法を試したが、本方法では基板20を300〜400℃まで加熱する必要があり、SiO2膜とCdZnTe基板20との熱膨張の差により電極層13付近でSiO2膜の剥がれ619が発生した(図17(a))。
Claims (14)
- CdTe又はCdZnTeからなる基板を有する放射線検出器用UBM電極構造体であって、
前記基板上に無電解めっきにより形成したPt又はAu電極層と、
前記Pt又はAu電極層上にスパッタにより形成したNi層と、前記Ni層上にスパッタにより形成したAu層と、を備え、
前記Ni層の膜厚が0.2μm以上0.6μm以下であることを特徴とする放射線検出器用UBM電極構造体。 - 前記Pt又はAu電極層の膜厚が0.05μm以上0.10μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の放射線検出器用UBM電極構造体。
- CdTe又はCdZnTeからなる基板を有する放射線検出器用UBM電極構造体であって、
前記基板上に無電解めっきにより形成したPt又はAu電極層と、
前記Pt又はAu電極層上にスパッタにより形成したNi層と、前記Ni層上に無電解めっきにより順次形成したNi層及びAu層と、を備えることを特徴とする放射線検出器用UBM電極構造体。 - 前記スパッタにより形成したNi層の膜厚が0.05μm以上0.10μm以下であり、前記無電解めっきにより形成したNi層の膜厚が0.2μm以上1μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の放射線検出器用UBM電極構造体。
- CdTe又はCdZnTeからなる基板を有する放射線検出器用UBM電極構造体であって、
前記基板上に無電解めっきにより形成したPt又はAu電極層と、
前記Pt又はAu電極層上にスパッタにより形成したNi層と、前記Ni層上にスパッタにより順次形成したPd層及びAu層と、を備えることを特徴とする放射線検出器用UBM電極構造体。 - 前記Pt又はAu電極層及びUBM層の側面と、前記UBM層の上面の一部と、前記Pt又はAu電極層が配置された前記基板の面とに配置された絶縁膜を備えることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の放射線検出器用UBM電極構造体。
- 請求項1に記載の放射線検出器用UBM電極構造体と、前記無電解めっきにより形成したPt又はAu電極層と対向して前記基板に配設された金属電極層と、を含む放射線検出素子と、
バンプを介して前記放射線検出素子の前記Au層と接続する検出回路と、を備えることを特徴とする放射線検出器。 - CdTe又はCdZnTeからなる基板を準備し、
前記基板の第1の面に金属電極を形成し、前記金属電極と対向するように前記基板の第2の面に無電解めっきによりPt又はAu電極層を形成し、
前記Pt又はAu電極層上に膜厚が0.2μm以上0.6μm以下のNi層をスパッタにより形成し、
前記Ni層上にAu層をスパッタにより形成することを特徴とする放射線検出器用UBM電極構造体の製造方法。 - 前記Pt又はAu電極層は0.05μm以上0.10μm以下の膜厚に形成することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の放射線検出器用UBM電極構造体の製造方法。
- CdTe又はCdZnTeからなる基板を準備し、
前記基板の第1の面に金属電極を形成し、前記金属電極と対向するように前記基板の第2の面に無電解めっきによりPt又はAu電極層を形成し、
前記Pt又はAu電極層上にNi層をスパッタにより形成し、
前記Ni層上にさらにNi層を無電解めっきにより形成し、
無電解めっきにより形成した前記Ni層上にAu層を無電解めっきにより形成することを特徴とする放射線検出器用UBM電極構造体の製造方法。 - スパッタにより形成した前記Ni層は0.05μm以上0.10μm以下の膜厚に形成し、無電解めっきにより形成した前記Ni層は0.2μm以上1μm以下の膜厚に形成することを特徴とする請求項10に記載の放射線検出器用UBM電極構造体の製造方法。
- CdTe又はCdZnTeからなる基板を準備し、
前記基板の第1の面に金属電極を形成し、前記金属電極と対向するように前記基板の第2の面に無電解めっきによりPt又はAu電極層を形成し、
前記Pt又はAu電極層上にNi層をスパッタにより形成し、
前記Ni層上にさらにPd層をスパッタにより形成し、
前記Pd層上にAu層をスパッタにより形成することを特徴とする放射線検出器用UBM電極構造体の製造方法。 - 前記Pt又はAu電極層及びUBM層の側面と、前記UBM層の上面の一部と、前記Pt又はAu電極層が配置された前記基板の面とに絶縁膜を形成することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の放射線検出器用UBM電極構造体の製造方法。
- 請求項1に記載の放射線検出器用UBM電極構造体を含む前記基板を所定の形状に切断して放射線検出素子を形成し、
バンプを介して検出回路を前記放射線検出素子の前記Au層に接続することを特徴とする放射線検出器の製造方法。
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