JP6309964B2 - 化学量論的排気ガス再循環ガスタービンシステム内の拡散燃焼を用いた負荷制御のためのシステム及び方法 - Google Patents
化学量論的排気ガス再循環ガスタービンシステム内の拡散燃焼を用いた負荷制御のためのシステム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6309964B2 JP6309964B2 JP2015540831A JP2015540831A JP6309964B2 JP 6309964 B2 JP6309964 B2 JP 6309964B2 JP 2015540831 A JP2015540831 A JP 2015540831A JP 2015540831 A JP2015540831 A JP 2015540831A JP 6309964 B2 JP6309964 B2 JP 6309964B2
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- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
- F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
- F23N5/006—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties the detector being sensitive to oxygen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/26—Controlling the air flow
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/32—Direct CO2 mitigation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Control Of Turbines (AREA)
- Drying Of Gases (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Description
本出願は、2013年10月30日出願の名称が「SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR LOAD CONTROL WITH DIFFUSION COMBUSTION IN A STOICHIOMETRIC EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION GAS TURBINE SYSTEM」である米国特許本出願第14/067,563号、2012年11月2日出願の名称が「SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DIFFUSION COMBUSTION IN A STOICHIOMETRIC EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION GAS TURBINE SYSTEM」である米国特許仮出願第61/722,118号、2012年11月2日出願の名称が「SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DIFFUSION COMBUSTION WITH FUEL−DILUENT MIXING IN A STOICHIOMETRIC EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION GAS TURBINE SYSTEM」である米国特許仮出願第61/722,115号、2012年11月2日出願の名称が「SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DIFFUSION COMBUSTION WITH OXIDANT−DILUENT MIXING IN A STOICHIOMETRIC EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION GAS TURBINE SYSTEM」である米国特許仮出願第61/722,114号、及び2012年11月2日出願の名称が「SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR LOAD CONTROL WITH DIFFUSION COMBUSTION IN A STOICHIOMETRIC EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION GAS TURBINE SYSTEM」である米国特許仮出願第61/722,111号に対して優先権及び利益を主張し、これら特許出願の全ては、引用により全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
例証として、以下の条項は、本開示の更なる説明として提供されるものである。
Claims (25)
- システムであって、
少なくとも1つの酸化剤の圧縮流体を生成するように構成された酸化剤圧縮機と、
前記酸化剤圧縮機から前記少なくとも1つの酸化剤の圧縮流体を受け入れ、かつ、第1の拡散燃料ノズルを有するタービン燃焼器と、を備え、
前記第1の拡散燃料ノズルは、前記少なくとも1つの酸化剤及び少なくとも1つの燃料の別個の流体を注入して、拡散火炎を発生するように構成されており、
前記システムはさらに、
前記タービン燃焼器における前記拡散火炎からの燃焼生成物によって駆動されるタービンと、
排気ガスのみを圧縮して排気ガス再循環経路に沿って前記タービンから前記タービン燃焼器に送るように構成された排気ガス圧縮機と、
流量を変化させて前記少なくとも1つの酸化剤と前記少なくとも1つの燃料のほぼ化学量論的な比を提供するように構成された量論的制御モードと、前記流量を変化させて前記少なくとも1つの酸化剤との前記少なくとも1つの燃料の非化学量論比を提供するように構成された非量論的制御モードとで前記タービン燃焼器への少なくとも1つの酸化剤及び少なくとも1つの燃料の流量を制御するように構成された制御システムと、を備え、
前記第1の拡散燃料ノズルは、前記量論的制御モード及び前記非量論的制御モードの両方で作動する、
ことを特徴とするシステム。 - 前記量論的制御モードは、約0.95と約1.0の間の当量比を用いて前記ほぼ化学量論的な比を提供するように構成され、
前記非量論的制御モードは、約0.95未満又は約1.0よりも大きい当量比を用いて前記非化学量論比を提供するように構成されている、
請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記制御システムは、前記流量を第1のセットの流量から第2のセットの流量に変化させ、前記量論的制御モードと前記非量論的制御モードの間で移行するように構成されている、
請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記量論的制御モードにおける前記制御システムは、前記ほぼ化学量論的な比を維持しながら、前記流量を前記第1のセットの流量から前記第2のセットの流量に変化させるように構成されている、
請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記量論的制御モードにおける前記制御システムは、前記流量をそれぞれ前記第1のセットの流量から前記第2のセットの流量に変化させることによって前記タービンの電気出力を第1の電気出力から第2の電気出力に変化させるように構成されている、
請求項4に記載のシステム。 - 前記第2のセットの流量は、前記第1のセットの流量未満であり、前記第2の電気出力は、前記第1の電気出力未満であり、
前記第2のセットの流量は、前記第1のセットの流量よりも大きく、前記第2の電気出力は、前記第1の電気出力よりも大きい、
請求項5に記載のシステム。 - 前記量論的制御モードにおける前記制御システムは、前記流量を前記第1のセットの流量から前記第2のセットの流量に変化させながら前記排気ガスのエミッションを1又は2以上の目標エミッション範囲内に維持するように構成され、
前記1又は2以上の目標エミッション範囲は、約50百万分の1体積(ppmv)未満の酸素範囲及び/又は約5000ppmv未満の一酸化炭素範囲、または、
前記1又は2以上の目標エミッション範囲は、約10百万分の1体積(ppmv)未満の酸素範囲及び/又は約1000ppmv未満の一酸化炭素範囲からなる、
請求項5に記載のシステム。 - 前記量論的制御モードにおける前記制御システムは、前記ほぼ化学量論的な比を維持しながら複数のセットの流量の中で前記流量を漸次的に変化させるように構成され、
前記複数のセットの流量は、少なくとも3つのセット、または少なくとも4つのセットの流量からなる、
請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記量論的制御モードにおける前記制御システムは、前記ほぼ化学量論的な比を維持し、同時に
前記複数のセットの流量の中で前記流量を漸次的に減少させ、
複数の電気出力の中の前記タービンの電気出力を漸次的に減少させ、かつ
1又は2以上の目標エミッション範囲内に前記排気ガスのエミッションを維持する、
ように構成されている、
請求項8に記載のシステム。 - 前記制御システムは、複数のセットの流量のうちの第1の流量のセットから前記複数のセットの流量のうちの第2の流量のセットに前記流量を漸次的に減少させ、複数のセットの電気出力のうちの第1の電気出力から前記複数のセットの電気出力のうちの第2の電気出力に前記電気出力を漸次的に減少させ、エミッションを1または2以上の目標レンジ内に維持した後に、前記量論的制御モードから前記非量論的制御モードに移行するように構成される、
請求項9に記載のシステム。 - 前記量論的制御モードから前記非量論的制御モードへの前記移行後に、前記制御システムは、該非量論的制御モードの燃料リッチ制御モード、または非量論的制御モードの燃料リーン制御モードで作動するように構成されている、
請求項10に記載のシステム。 - 前記制御システムは、
複数のセットの流量の中で前記流量を漸次的に変化させ、
前記流量の前記変化に応答して複数の電気出力の中の前記タービンの電気出力を漸次的に変化させ、
前記流量の前記変化の前及び後に1又は2以上の目標エミッション範囲内に前記排気ガスのエミッションを維持し、
前記流量の前記変化の前及び後に前記排気ガス再循環経路に沿って前記排気ガスの温度を目標温度範囲内に維持し、かつ
前記流量の前記変化の前及び後に前記排気ガス再循環経路に沿って前記排気ガスの圧力を目標圧力範囲内に維持する、ように構成されている、
請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記制御システムは、排気抽出バルブ、抽出通気バルブ、前記排気ガス圧縮機又は酸化剤圧縮機の作動速度、前記排気ガス圧縮機の入口ガイドベーンの位置、前記排気ガス圧縮機の再利用バルブ、又はこれらの何れかの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つを調整することによって前記圧力を維持するように構成されている、
請求項12に記載のシステム。 - 前記タービン燃焼器は、第1の流体供給回路に結合された第1のセットの燃料ノズルと、第2の流体供給回路に結合された第2のセットの燃料ノズルとを含み、前記第1の拡散ノズルは、該第1又は第2のセットの燃料ノズルのどちらかの一部であり、前記制御システムは、該第1及び第2の流体供給回路を通して流体流を独立して制御するように構成されている、
請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記制御システムは、異なる割合で前記第1及び第2の流体供給回路を通して前記流体流を独立に変化させるように構成されている、
請求項14に記載のシステム。 - 酸化剤圧縮機により少なくとも1つの酸化剤の圧縮流体を圧縮して前記少なくとも1つの酸化剤の圧縮流体を生成するステップと、
少なくとも1つの酸化剤の前記圧縮流体及び少なくとも1つの燃料を別個の流体として、第1の拡散燃料ノズルを用いてタービン燃焼器のチャンバの中に注入するステップと、を備えた方法であって、
前記少なくとも1つの酸化剤及び前記少なくとも1つの燃料を拡散火炎として混合して燃焼し、燃焼生成物を生成し、
前記方法はさらに、
前記燃焼生成物でタービンを駆動するステップ及び排気ガスを出力するステップと、
前記排気ガスを排気ガス再循環経路に沿って排気ガス圧縮機まで再循環させるステップと、
前記排気ガス圧縮機により前記排気ガスのみを圧縮して前記タービン燃焼器に送るステップと、
前記タービン燃焼器への前記少なくとも1つの酸化剤及び前記少なくとも1つの燃料の流量を、前記流量を変化させて前記少なくとも1つの酸化剤との前記少なくとも1つの燃料のほぼ化学量論的な比を提供するように構成された量論的制御モードで制御するステップと、
前記タービン燃焼器への前記少なくとも1つの酸化剤及び前記少なくとも1つの燃料の流量を、前記流量を変化させて前記少なくとも1つの酸化剤との前記少なくとも1つの燃料の非化学量論比を提供するように構成された非量論的制御モードで制御するステップと、を含み、
前記第1の拡散燃料ノズルは、前記量論的制御モード及び前記非量論的制御モードの両方で作動する、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記量論的制御モードで制御するステップは、約0.95と約1.05の間の当量比を用いて前記ほぼ化学量論的な比を提供するステップを含み、
前記非量論的制御モードで制御するステップは、約0.95未満又は約1.05よりも大きい当量比を用いて前記非化学量論比を提供するステップを含む、
請求項16に記載の方法。 - 前記量論的制御モードで制御するステップは、前記ほぼ化学量論的な比を維持しながら前記流量を第1のセットの流量から第2のセットの流量に変化させるステップを含み、
前記量論的制御モードで制御するステップは、前記流量をそれぞれ前記第1のセットの流量から前記第2のセットの流量に変化させることによって前記タービンの電気出力を第1の電気出力から第2の電気出力に変化させるステップを含む、
請求項16に記載の方法。 - 前記第2のセットの流量は、前記第1のセットの流量未満であり、前記第2の電気出力は、前記第1の電気出力未満である、または、
前記第2のセットの流量は、前記第1のセットの流量よりも大きく、前記第2の電気出力は、前記第1の電気出力よりも大きい、
請求項18に記載の方法。 - 前記量論的制御モードで制御するステップは、前記流量を前記第1のセットの流量から前記第2のセットの流量に変化させながら前記排気ガスのエミッションを変化させて1又は2以上の目標エミッション範囲内に維持するステップを含む、
請求項18に記載の方法。 - 前記量論的制御モードで制御するステップは、
前記ほぼ化学量論的な比を維持し、
前記複数のセットの流量の中で前記流量を漸次的に減少させ、
複数の電気出力の中の前記タービンの電気出力を漸次的に減少させ、かつ
1又は2以上の目標エミッション範囲内に前記排気ガスのエミッションを維持しながら、
複数のセットの流量の中で前記流量を漸次的に変化させるステップを含む、
請求項16に記載の方法。 - 複数のセットの流量の中で前記流量を漸次的に変化させ、
前記流量の変化に応答して複数の電気出力の中の前記タービンの電気出力を漸次的に変化させ、
前記流量の変化の前及び後に1又は2以上の目標エミッション範囲内に前記排気ガスのエミッションを維持し、
前記流量の変化の前及び後に前記排気ガス再循環経路に沿って前記排気ガスの温度を目標温度範囲内に維持し、かつ
前記流量の変化の前及び後に前記排気ガス再循環経路に沿って前記排気ガスの圧力を目標圧力範囲内に維持する、ために、
1又は2以上の作動パラメータを制御するステップを含む、
請求項16に記載の方法。 - 第1及び第2の流体供給回路を通して流体流を独立して制御するステップを含み、
前記タービン燃焼器は、前記第1の流体供給回路に結合された第1のセットの燃料ノズルと、前記第2の流体供給回路に結合された第2のセットの燃料ノズルとを備え、
前記第1又は第2のセットの燃料ノズルのうちの少なくとも一方は、前記拡散火炎を発生するように構成された前記第1の拡散燃料ノズルを備えている、
請求項16に記載の方法。 - 少なくとも1つの酸化剤の前記圧縮流体及び少なくとも1つの燃料を別個の流体として、第1の拡散燃料ノズルを用いてタービン燃焼器のチャンバの中に注入するステップは、前記少なくとも1つの酸化剤及び前記少なくとも1つの燃料を第1の拡散燃料ノズルに沿って互いに隔離されたそれぞれの第1及び第2の通路を通じて流入させるステップを含む、
請求項16に記載の方法。 - 酸化剤を少なくとも1つの酸化剤圧縮機に導入して圧縮酸化剤ストリームを生成するステップと、
再循環されたガスストリームをガスタービンエンジンの圧縮機セクションに導入して圧縮再循環ガスストリームを生成するステップと、
実質的に化学量論比で、第1の圧縮酸化剤流量を有する前記圧縮酸化剤ストリームの第1の部分と第1の燃料流量を有する燃料ストリームとを少なくとも1つのタービン燃焼器に導入するステップと、
燃焼ポイントにて前記圧縮酸化剤ストリーム及び該燃料ストリームを混合するステップおよび前記圧縮酸化剤ストリーム及び前記燃料ストリームの混合物を燃焼させるステップと、
圧縮再循環ガス流量を有する前記圧縮再循環ガスストリームの第1の部分を前記少なくとも1つのタービン燃焼器に導入するステップ、前記燃焼ポイントの後でそれを圧縮酸化剤及び燃料の前記燃焼しているストリームと混合して燃焼生成物ストリームを生成するステップと、
前記燃焼生成物ストリームを前記ガスタービンエンジンの膨張器セクションに導入するステップと、前記燃焼生成物ストリームを膨張させて第1の機械出力と、第1の排気ガス流量および第1エミッションレベルの排気ガスストリームとを生成するステップと、
前記ガスタービンエンジンの前記圧縮機セクションを駆動するように前記第1の機械出力の第1の部分を使用するステップと、
発電機、前記少なくとも1つの酸化剤圧縮機、又は少なくとも1つの他の機械デバイスのうちの少なくとも1つを駆動するように前記第1の機械出力の第2の部分を使用するステップと、
前記ガスタービンエンジンの前記膨張器セクションの出口から該圧縮機セクションの入口まで再循環ループで前記再循環された排気ガスストリームを再循環させ再循環ガスストリームを生成するステップと、
前記ガスタービンエンジンからの前記再循環ガスストリームの少なくとも第2の部分を抽出するステップ、前記圧縮再循環ガスストリームの少なくとも第2の部分を第1の酸化触媒ユニットに搬送し、前記第1のエミッションレベルより低い第2のエミッションレベルを有している第1の生成物ストリームを生成するステップと、
前記ほぼ化学量論的な比を維持しながら、前記第1の燃料流量と第1の圧縮酸化剤流量とを、前記第2の燃料流量と第2の圧縮酸化剤流量にそれぞれ減少させ、前記第1の機械出力未満の第2の機械出力と、目標範囲内にある第3のエミッションレベルを有する第2の生成物ストリームを生成するステップと、
前記ほぼ化学量論的な比を維持しながら、前記第2の燃料流量と第2の圧縮酸化剤流量とを、第3の燃料流量と第3の圧縮酸化剤流量にそれぞれ減少させ、前記第2の機械出力未満の第3の機械出力と、目標範囲内にある第4のエミッションレベルを有する第3の生成物ストリームを生成するステップと、
前記第3の燃料流量と第3の圧縮酸化剤流量とを、第4の燃料流量と第4の圧縮酸化剤流量にそれぞれ減少させ、燃料リーン燃焼を生じさせ、前記第3の機械出力未満の第4の機械出力と、目標範囲より高い第5のエミッションレベルを有する第4の生成物ストリームを生成するステップと、備えている、
ことを特徴とする方法。
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CN105189973B (zh) | 2017-08-08 |
US10215412B2 (en) | 2019-02-26 |
AU2013337647A8 (en) | 2017-12-21 |
US20140150445A1 (en) | 2014-06-05 |
WO2014071215A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
JP2016503476A (ja) | 2016-02-04 |
US20220282668A1 (en) | 2022-09-08 |
CA2890078A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
AU2013337647B8 (en) | 2017-12-21 |
US20190186748A1 (en) | 2019-06-20 |
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