JP6278433B2 - リチウム含有ガーネット結晶体および全固体リチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム含有ガーネット結晶体および全固体リチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6278433B2 JP6278433B2 JP2017557023A JP2017557023A JP6278433B2 JP 6278433 B2 JP6278433 B2 JP 6278433B2 JP 2017557023 A JP2017557023 A JP 2017557023A JP 2017557023 A JP2017557023 A JP 2017557023A JP 6278433 B2 JP6278433 B2 JP 6278433B2
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims description 176
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 title claims description 94
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 84
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 83
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 48
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 48
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004467 single crystal X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000012916 structural analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SLODBEHWNYQCRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [La+3].[O-2].[Zr+4] Chemical compound [La+3].[O-2].[Zr+4] SLODBEHWNYQCRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002847 impedance measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002604 lanthanum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002822 niobium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003482 tantalum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 241001580017 Jana Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013641 LiNbO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007926 ZrCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WYDJZNNBDSIQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Zr+4].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Zr+4].[Li+] WYDJZNNBDSIQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZBYYWKJVSFHYJL-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);diacetate;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ZBYYWKJVSFHYJL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002003 electron diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- BCGDTXXBLLEHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+) oxygen(2-) tantalum(5+) Chemical class [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[La+3].[Ta+5] BCGDTXXBLLEHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAQLJCYTGRMXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;acetate;dihydrate Chemical compound [Li+].O.O.CC([O-])=O IAQLJCYTGRMXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNQQEOHHHGGZCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [Li+].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5] JNQQEOHHHGGZCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001683 neutron diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006316 polyvinylpyrrolidine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012982 x-ray structure analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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-
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
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- C30B13/28—Controlling or regulating
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- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
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- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
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- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
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- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
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- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
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- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
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Description
(1)原料の混合
まず、炭酸リチウムLi2CO3(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)8.1867gと、酸化ランタンLa2O3(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)11.8982gと、酸化ジルコニウムZrO2(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)4.5007gと、酸化タンタルTa2O5(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)2.0179g、酸化ニオブNb2O5(レアメタリック製、純度99.99%)0.4054gをメノウ製乳鉢に入れて、エタノールを使用した湿式法によって均一に混合した。
上記工程でふるいを通過した粉末を用いて、以下の手順で棒形状の原料を作製した。まず、ゴム製の型にこの粉末20.122gを充填して脱気した。つぎに、この型を密閉した状態で水中に入れて、40MPaで5分間維持した。そして、水の圧力を下げた後、成形体を型から取り出した。成形体は、直径1.0cm、高さ7.3cmの円柱形状をしていた。つぎに、箱型電気炉(デンケン製、型番KDF009)を用いて、この円柱状の成形体を1150℃で焼成した。取り出した成形体は、直径0.92cm、高さ6.7cmの円柱形状をしていた。
まず、1kWのハロゲンランプを装備した四楕円型赤外線集光加熱炉(FZ炉)(Crystal System社製、FZ−T−10000H型)に、上記工程で得られた棒形状の原料を設置して、乾燥空気雰囲気にした。つぎに、長手方向と垂直な面で棒形状の原料を30rpmで回転させながら、出力27.9%で加熱した。しばらくすると、多結晶試料の一部が溶融して溶融部を形成した。
二次元IP検出器および検出器にシンチレーションカウンターを有する単結晶X線回折装置(リガク社製、R−AXIS RAPID−II、AFC−7S)を用いて、試料1の構造を調べた。試料1のX線回折パターンを図2に示す。図2に示すように、明瞭な回折点が測定できた。また、試料1の回折強度データを収集し、結晶構造解析プログラムJana2006によって結晶構造を調べたところ、試料1は立方晶に属することがわかった。試料1をダイヤモンドカッターで切断して厚さ約0.1mmの薄片を2枚作製し、上述の方法でこれらの相対密度を算出した。その結果、これらの相対密度はそれぞれ99.8%、100%であった。
(1)原料の混合
実施例1と同様にして、炭酸リチウムLi2CO39.7122gと、酸化ランタンLa2O316.4710gと、酸化ジルコニウムZrO26.2293gと、酸化ニオブNb2O53.7234gから原料の混合物を得た。なお、この混合物の金属のモル比Li:La:Zr:Nbは、目的物であるLi6.55La3Zr1.55Nb0.45O12の化学量論比よりもリチウムが40mol%過剰である。すなわち、原料の混合物の分量比は、化学組成がLi9.17La3Zr1.55Nb0.45O12に相当する。つぎに、ふた付きのアルミナるつぼにこの混合物30.138gを充填した。その後は、実施例1と同様にして、仮焼成、粉砕、分級を行った。
実施例1と同様にして、以下の手順で棒形状の原料を作製した。すなわち、ゴム製の型にふるいを通過した粉末20.287gを充填し、成形し、直径1.0cm、高さ9.8cmの円柱形状の成形体を得た。その後、この成形体を焼成して、直径0.96cm、高さ9.2cmの円柱形状の成形体を得た。
回転速度を40rpm、出力を30.3%、および設置台の下降速度を19mm/hとした点を除いて、実施例1と同様にして高密度のLi6.55La3Zr1.55Nb0.45O12の結晶(以下「試料2」ということがある)を育成した。なお、試料2の化学組成は、X線結晶構造解析によって分析した。試料2の外観を図8に示す。図8に示すように、長さ6cmの高密度のLi6.55La3Zr1.55Nb0.45O12の結晶が作製できた。
実施例1と同様にして、単結晶X線回折装置を用いて試料2の構造を調べた。試料2のX線回折パターンを図9に示す。図9に示すように、明瞭な回折点が測定できた。また、実施例1と同様にして、結晶構造解析プログラムによって結晶構造を調べたところ、試料2が立方晶に属することがわかった。ダイヤモンドカッターで試料2を切断して厚さ0.1mmの薄片を4枚作製し、これらの相対密度を算出した。その結果、これらの相対密度は、それぞれ99.2%、99.7%、99.9%、100%であった。
酢酸リチウム2水和物(シグマアルドリッチ製)0.0105molと酢酸コバルト4水和物(和光純薬工業製)0.01molを、エチレングリコール(和光純薬工業製)100gに溶解した。つぎに、ポリビニルピロリドンK−30(和光純薬工業製)10gを加えて溶解させることで0.1mol/kgのコバルト酸リチウム前駆体溶液を調製した。酢酸リチウム量を酢酸コバルト量より5mol%多くしたのは、焼成時のリチウム蒸発分を加味したためである。つぎに、試料1と試料2をそれぞれ切断して、直径約0.8cm、厚さ約0.10cmの薄片を作製した。
Claims (13)
- 化学組成がLi7−x―yLa3Zr2−x―yTaxNbyO12(0≦x≦0.8、0.2≦y≦1、0.2≦x+y≦1)で表され、相対密度が99%以上で、立方晶系に属し、ガーネット関連型構造を有するリチウム含有ガーネット結晶体。
- x=0である請求項1に記載のリチウム含有ガーネット結晶体。
- リチウムイオン伝導率が1.0×10−3S/cm以上である請求項1または2に記載のリチウム含有ガーネット結晶体。
- 格子定数aが1.28nm≦a≦1.30nmである請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム含有ガーネット結晶体。
- リチウムイオンが結晶構造内の2つ以上の96h席のみを占有する請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム含有ガーネット結晶体。
- 単結晶X線回折測定で、面指数00L(L=2+4n、nは整数)および/または面指数0KL(K=L、KとLは奇数)の空間群Ia−3dの禁制反射指数に回折強度を与える請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム含有ガーネット結晶体。
- 相対密度が100%である請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム含有ガーネット結晶体。
- 化学組成がLi(7−x−y)zLa3Zr2−x−yTaxNbyO12(0≦x≦0.8、0.2≦y≦1、0.2≦x+y≦1、1<z≦2)で表される原料の少なくとも一部を溶融して単結晶育成させる溶融部を形成し、移動速度8mm/h以上で前記溶融部を移動して単結晶育成させ、化学組成がLi7−x―yLa3Zr2−x―yTaxNbyO12(0≦x≦0.8、0.2≦y≦1、0.2≦x+y≦1)で表され、相対密度が99%以上で、立方晶系に属し、ガーネット関連型構造を有するリチウム含有ガーネット結晶体を製造するリチウム含有ガーネット結晶体の製造方法。
- x=0である請求項8に記載のリチウム含有ガーネット結晶体の製造方法。
- 前記移動速度が8mm/h以上19mm/h以下である請求項8または9に記載のリチウム含有ガーネット結晶体の製造方法。
- 前記溶融部の移動方向と平行な中心軸を中心として、前記溶融部を回転速度30rpm以上で回転させる請求項8から10のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム含有ガーネット結晶体の製造方法。
- 前記回転速度が30rpm以上60rpm以下である請求項11に記載のリチウム含有ガーネット結晶体の製造方法。
- 正極と、負極と、固体電解質とを有する全固体リチウムイオン二次電池であって、
前記固体電解質が請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム含有ガーネット結晶体から構成されている全固体リチウムイオン二次電池。
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