JP6250785B2 - 無溶媒量子ドット交換方法 - Google Patents
無溶媒量子ドット交換方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6250785B2 JP6250785B2 JP2016501855A JP2016501855A JP6250785B2 JP 6250785 B2 JP6250785 B2 JP 6250785B2 JP 2016501855 A JP2016501855 A JP 2016501855A JP 2016501855 A JP2016501855 A JP 2016501855A JP 6250785 B2 JP6250785 B2 JP 6250785B2
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- siloxane polymer
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- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 title claims description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 43
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 68
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
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- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- MOSFSEPBWRXKJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCP MOSFSEPBWRXKJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPZZZGJWXOHLDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCP(CCCCCC)CCCCCC FPZZZGJWXOHLDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
本願は、2013年3月14日に出願された米国仮出願第61/781285号(全ての目的のためにその全体が本明細書において援用される)に対する優先権を主張する。
高性能ダウンコンバート蛍光体技術は、高効率固体白色照明(SSWL)を含めて、可視発光の次世代で顕著な役割を果たすことになる。さらに、このような技術は、近赤外(NIR)及び赤外線(IR)発光技術にも適用可能である。紫外線(UV)又は青色発光半導体発光ダイオード(LED)から青、赤及び緑の波長へのダウンコンバージョンは、商業的に魅力的な白色光源を提供するための迅速で、効率的で、しかも費用効果のある経路を提供する。残念ながら、現在ソリッドステートダウンコンバージョンのための主要な供給源である既存の希土類活性化蛍光体又はハロホスフェートは、もともと蛍光灯及び陰極線管(CRT)で使用するために開発されたものであるため、SSWLの固有の要件に及ぶ場合には重大な不足が多数ある。このように、いくつかのSSWLシステムが利用可能ではあるものの、貧弱な電力効率(<20ライトルーメン/ワット(LM/W))、貧弱な演色(演色評価数(CRI)<75)及び非常に高いコスト(>$200/キロルーメン(klm))によって、この技術は懐中電灯及び歩道照明などのニッチ市場に制限されている。
一実施形態では、本発明は、量子ドット上の第1リガンドを第2リガンドで置換するための方法であって、該量子ドットに非共有結合的に結合した該第1リガンドを有する複数の量子ドットと、該第2リガンドを有するシロキサン重合体とを有する反応混合物を混合し、それによって、該第2リガンドが該第1リガンドに取って代わり、該量子ドットに非共有結合的に結合した状態になることを含み、ここで、該反応混合物は溶媒を実質的に含まず、それによっていかなる溶媒除去工程も必要なく、しかも、該シロキサン重合体は、約100℃未満のTg及び約1000cSt未満の粘度を有し、それによって該量子ドット上の該第1リガンドを該第2リガンドで置換する方法を提供する。
本発明は、ナノ結晶の溶解性及び容易な処理を改善させるリガンドによるナノ結晶の合成に使用されるナノ結晶リガンドの容易な交換方法を提供する。従来のリガンド交換方法は、除去しなければならないトルエンなどの溶媒を使用していた。本発明の方法は、溶媒の量を最小限に抑え、それによって面倒な溶媒除去工程を回避する。溶媒の代わりに、この方法は、シロキサン重合体に結合した好適な結合基を有する低粘度のシロキサン重合体を使用する。この低粘度シロキサン重合体と激しい混合との組合せは、溶媒を必要とせずにリガンド交換を行うことを可能にする。
「リガンド」とは、本発明の量子ドットを安定化させかつ可溶化させる部分をいう。代表的なリガンドは、量子ドットに非共有結合的に結合するアミン、カルボキシル又はチオール基を有するものである。
本発明は、溶媒を使用することなく量子ドット上のリガンドを交換する方法に関する。溶媒の代わりに、低粘度のシロキサン重合体を使用し、ここで、このシロキサン重合体が交換リガンドである。いくつかの実施形態では、本発明は、量子ドット上にある第1リガンドを第2リガンドで置換するための方法であって、該量子ドットに非共有結合的に結合した該第1リガンドを有する複数の量子ドットと第2リガンドを有するシロキサン重合体とを有する反応混合物を混合し、それによって、該第2リガンドが該第1リガンドに取って代わり、かつ、該量子ドットに非共有結合的に結合した状態になり、ここで、該反応混合物は溶媒を実質的に含まないため、いかなる溶媒除去工程も必要なく、しかも該シロキサン重合体は、約100℃未満のTg及び約1000cSt未満の粘度を有し、それによって量子ドット上にある第1リガンドを第3リガンドで置換することを含む方法を提供する。
第1リガンドは、アミン(第一級、第二級又は第三級)、カルボキシ、チオール、ホスフィン又はホスフィンオキシドなどの任意の好適なリガンドであることができる。いくつかの実施形態では、第1リガンドは、アミン、カルボキシ、チオール、ホスフィン又はホスフィンオキシドであることができる。いくつかの実施形態では、第1リガンドは、アミン、カルボキシル又はチオールであることができる。
シロキサン重合体は、100℃未満のガラス転移温度、1000cSt未満の粘度及び量子ドットへの結合に好適でかつ第1リガンドを置換することのできる官能基を有する任意の好適なシロキサン重合体とすることができる。シロキサン重合体は、−Si−O−Si−骨格を有することを特徴とし、かつ、一般式−Si(R2)O−で表され、式中、R基は同一でも異なっていてもよく、水素、アルキル、ヘテロアルキル、アルキル、カルボキシアルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アリール及びヘテロアリール(これらに限定されない)を含めて任意の好適な基であることができる。シロキサン重合体は、直鎖、分岐又は環状であることができる。シロキサン重合体は、単独重合体を形成する単一のタイプの単量体反復単位を含むことができる。或いは、シロキサン重合体は、ランダム共重合体又はブロック共重合体であることができる共重合体を形成するように2種類以上の単量体反復単位を含むことができる。
式中、それぞれのR1、R3、R4及びR5は、独立してC1〜8アルキル、シクロアルキル又はアリールであることができ;それぞれのR2は独立してC1〜8ヘテロアルキル、C2〜8アルキルアミン及びC2〜8カルボキシアルキルであることができ;下付のmは1〜500の整数であることができ;下付のnは、0〜500の整数であることができる。
任意の好適な量子ドットを本発明で使用することができる。量子ドット(QD)は、材料特性の点で実質的に均質であることができ、又は所定の実施形態では不均質であることができる。QDの光学特性は、その粒径、化学組成又は表面組成によって及び/又は当該技術分野において利用可能な好適な光学検査によって決定できる。約1nm〜約15nmの間の範囲でナノ結晶サイズを調整することができることによって、全光学スペクトルにおける光電子範囲が演色に大きな融通性を与えることを可能にする。粒子カプセル化は、化学剤及び紫外線劣化剤に対する耐性を与える。
本発明の方法は、温度、時間、圧力、雰囲気及び光といった任意の好適な条件下で実施できる。例えば、任意の好適な混合装置を使用することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、混合は、磁気又は機械的撹拌によって行うことができる。
例1.GP−988及び緑色ナノ結晶ペースト
シェル合成後、トルエンナノ結晶溶液を2×容量のエタノールで洗浄し、その際、ナノ結晶が析出し、遠心分離器を使用して沈降させて密集ケークにする。その後、洗浄溶媒を湿潤ケークからデカントし、続いてペースト状のケークを交換に使用する。量子ドット合成及びシェル形成の参考文献については、Alivisatos、Alivisatos,A.P.,「Semiconductor clusters,nanocrystals,and quantum dots」,Science 271:933(1996);X.Peng,M.Schlamp,A.Kadavanich,A.P.Alivisatos,「Epitaxial growth of highly luminescent CdSe/CdS Core/Shell nanocrystals with photostability and electronic accessibility」,J.Am.Chem.Soc.30:7019−7029(1997);及びC.B.Murray,D.J.Norris,M.G.Bawendi,「Synthesis and characterization of nearly monodisperse CdE(E=sulfur,selenium,tellurium)semiconductor nanocrystallites」,J.Am.Chem.Soc.115:8706(1993),X.Peng外,J.Am.Chem.Soc.30:7019−7029(1997)を参照されたい。
2.25gのGP−988を、90℃に2時間にわたり加熱しながら赤色ナノ結晶ペースト(洗浄溶媒をデカントした15mLの洗浄ナノ結晶)に添加し、スパチュラでよく撹拌し、その後撹拌棒で撹拌した。この溶液を室温に冷却し、別の小瓶にデカントした。
Epic91エポキシへの例1の緑色濃縮物及び例2の赤色濃縮物からフィルムを作製した。加速信頼性試験から、POR ESHフィルムと同様の安定性、特に加速試験プラットフォームで275時間の寿命(ライトボックスIII)が示されるが、これは、標準的な溶媒処理材料フィルムの範囲内である。
Claims (13)
- 量子ドット上の第1リガンドを第2リガンドで置換するための方法であって、
該量子ドットに非共有結合的に結合した該第1リガンドを有する複数の量子ドットと、該第2リガンドを有するシロキサン重合体とを含む反応混合物を混合し、それによって、溶媒を使用することなく該第2リガンドが該第1リガンドに取って代わり、該量子ドットに非共有結合的に結合した状態になること
を含み、
ここで、該シロキサン重合体は、約100℃未満のTg及び約1000cSt未満の粘度を有し、それによって該量子ドット上の該第1リガンドを該第2リガンドで置換し、
前記第1リガンドがアミン、カルボキシ、チオール、ホスフィン又はホスフィンオキシドを含み、
前記第2リガンドが以下の構造を有するシロキサン重合体である、方法。
(ここで、上記式中、それぞれのR 1 、R 3 、R 4 及びR 5 は、独立してC 1〜8 アルキル、シクロアルキル又はアリールであることができ;それぞれのR 2 は独立してC 1〜8 ヘテロアルキル、C 2〜8 アルキルアミン及びC 2〜8 カルボキシアルキルであることができ;下付のmは1〜500の整数であることができ;下付のnは、0〜500の整数であることができる。) - 前記第1リガンドが第一級アミンを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記量子ドットが第II〜VI族、第III〜V族、IV族、VI族及びIV族半導体よりなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記量子ドットがSi、Ge、Sn、Se、Te、B、C、P、BN、BP、BAs、AlN、AlP、AlAs、AlSb、GaN、GaP、GaAs、GaSb、InN、InP、InAs、InSb、AlN、AlP、AlAs、AlSb、GaN、GaP、GaAs、GaSb、ZnO、ZnS、ZnSe、ZnTe、CdS、CdSe、CdSeZn、CdTe、HgS、HgSe、HgTe、BeS、BeSe、BeTe、MgS、MgSe、GeS、GeSe、GeTe、SnS、SnSe、SnTe、PbO、PbS、PbSe、PbTe、CuF、CuCl、CuBr、CuI、Si3N4、Ge3N4、Al2O3、Al2、Ga2、In2、S3、Se3、Te3及びAl2CO3よりなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記量子ドットがCdSe、CdTe及びInPよりなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記シロキサン重合体が約50℃未満のTgを有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記シロキサン重合体が約25℃未満のTgを有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記シロキサン重合体が前記第2リガンドとしてアミン又はカルボキシ結合基を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記反応混合物を少なくとも約50℃に加熱する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記反応混合物を少なくとも約75℃に加熱する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記混合を少なくとも約30分間にわたって実行する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記混合を少なくとも約1時間にわたって実行する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記混合を少なくとも約2時間にわたって実行する、請求項1に記載の方法。
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EP2970764A2 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
KR20150126959A (ko) | 2015-11-13 |
WO2014159927A3 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
CA2905890A1 (en) | 2014-10-02 |
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