JP6246373B2 - 太陽電池光吸収層製造用金属カルコゲナイドナノ粒子及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
太陽電池光吸収層製造用金属カルコゲナイドナノ粒子及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6246373B2 JP6246373B2 JP2016540801A JP2016540801A JP6246373B2 JP 6246373 B2 JP6246373 B2 JP 6246373B2 JP 2016540801 A JP2016540801 A JP 2016540801A JP 2016540801 A JP2016540801 A JP 2016540801A JP 6246373 B2 JP6246373 B2 JP 6246373B2
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- thin film
- metal chalcogenide
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- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title claims description 72
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 58
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 57
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 55
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 title claims description 8
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 126
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- YUKQRDCYNOVPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioacetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=S YUKQRDCYNOVPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioacetamide Natural products CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 zinc (Zn) chalcogenide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical class [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- FXEIVSYQEOJLBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-$l^{1}-selanylethanimine Chemical compound CC([Se])=N FXEIVSYQEOJLBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VYRDHRYMAZWQJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].P Chemical class [P].P VYRDHRYMAZWQJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- IYKVLICPFCEZOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenourea Chemical compound NC(N)=[Se] IYKVLICPFCEZOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UXGNZZKBCMGWAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylformamide dmf Chemical compound CN(C)C=O.CN(C)C=O UXGNZZKBCMGWAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 121
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 7
- 235000011083 sodium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000224 chemical solution deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910021476 group 6 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCO BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004151 rapid thermal annealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanethiol Chemical compound CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007646 gravure printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-SECBINFHSA-N (S)-(-)-alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CC[C@@H](C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYMPLPIFKRHAAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-ethanedithiol Chemical compound SCCS VYMPLPIFKRHAAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMBXCGGQNSVESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hexanethiol Chemical compound CCCCCCS PMBXCGGQNSVESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOCC NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PMNLUUOXGOOLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-mercaptopropanoic acid Chemical compound CC(S)C(O)=O PMNLUUOXGOOLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- OVKDFILSBMEKLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Terpineol Natural products CC(=C)C1(O)CCC(C)=CC1 OVKDFILSBMEKLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940088601 alpha-terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCC1 BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000550 scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- HELHAJAZNSDZJO-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O HELHAJAZNSDZJO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 description 2
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-difluorophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1F PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRKMQKLGEQPLNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Pentanethiol Chemical compound CCCCCS ZRKMQKLGEQPLNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline Chemical compound C1CN2CC(C(=C(OC)C=C3)OC)=C3CC2C2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUVPIJXXUPESKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(ethylamino)ethanol Chemical compound CCNCCO.CCNCCO YUVPIJXXUPESKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYSYTOUAGABXJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(methylamino)ethanol Chemical compound CNCCO.CNCCO DYSYTOUAGABXJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFCSWCVEJLETKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-piperazin-1-ylethanol Chemical compound OCCN1CCNCC1 WFCSWCVEJLETKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKNSUXKKLIIIQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CCC)O.CC(CCC)O Chemical compound CC(CCC)O.CC(CCC)O KKNSUXKKLIIIQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caprylic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- H01L31/072—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type
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Description
(i)硫黄(S)又はセレニウム(Se)を含む化合物からなる群から選択される1種以上のVI族ソースを含む第1溶液を準備する過程と、
(ii)銅(Cu)塩及び錫(Sn)塩を含む第2溶液、及び亜鉛(Zn)塩を含む第3溶液を準備する過程と、
(iii)前記第1溶液と第2溶液を混合して反応させる過程と、
(iv)前記過程(iii)の反応生成物に前記第3溶液を混合して反応させる過程と、
を含むことができる。
(i)銅(Cu)−錫(Sn)カルコゲナイドからなる第1相(phase)、及び亜鉛(Zn)カルコゲナイドからなる第2相(phase)を含む金属カルコゲナイドナノ粒子を溶媒に分散させてインクを製造する過程と、
(ii)電極が形成された基材上に前記インクをコーティングする過程と、
(iii)前記電極が形成された基材上にコーティングされたインクを乾燥させた後、熱処理する過程と、
を含むことができる。
Cu2SnS3−ZnS粒子の合成
10mmolのCuCl2を含むDEG溶液、5mmolのSnCl2を含むDEG溶液に、30mmolのチオアセトアミド(thioacetamide)を含むDEG溶液を入れ、175℃まで昇温させた後、3時間攪拌して反応させ、再び常温で前記反応溶液に、7mmolのZnCl2を含むDEG溶液をゆっくり滴加した後、180℃以上に加熱し、温度を維持しながら3時間攪拌した後、遠心分離法で精製して、Cu2SnS3−ZnSナノ粒子を得た。形成された粒子を分析した電子顕微鏡写真(SEM)、透過電子顕微鏡写真(TEM)及びXRDグラフを、図1乃至図3に示した。
Cu2SnS3−ZnS粒子の合成
10mmolのCuSO4を含むDEG溶液、5mmolのSnCl2を含むDEG溶液に、30mmolのチオアセトアミド(thioacetamide)を含むDEG溶液を入れ、175℃まで昇温させた後、3時間攪拌して反応させ、再び常温で前記反応溶液に、7mmolのZnCl2を含むDEG溶液をゆっくり滴加した後、180℃以上に加熱し、温度を維持しながら3時間攪拌した後、遠心分離法で精製して、Cu2SnS3−ZnSナノ粒子を得た。
Cu2SnS3−ZnS粒子の合成
10mmolのCuSO4を含むDEG溶液、5mmolのSn(OAc)2を含むDEG溶液に、30mmolのチオアセトアミド(thioacetamide)を含むDEG溶液を入れ、175℃まで昇温させた後、3時間攪拌して反応させ、再び常温で前記反応溶液に、7mmolのZnCl2を含むDEG溶液をゆっくり滴加した後、180℃以上に加熱し、温度を維持しながら3時間攪拌した後、遠心分離法で精製して、Cu2SnS3−ZnSナノ粒子を得た。
Cu2SnS3−ZnS粒子の合成
10mmolのCuCl2を含むDEG溶液、5mmolのSnCl2を含むDEG溶液に、30mmolのチオ尿素(thiourea)を含むDEG溶液を入れ、175℃まで昇温させた後、3時間攪拌して反応させ、再び常温で前記反応溶液に、7mmolのZnCl2を含むDEG溶液をゆっくり滴加した後、180℃以上に加熱し、温度を維持しながら3時間攪拌した後、遠心分離法で精製して、Cu2SnS3−ZnSナノ粒子を得た。
Cu2SnS3−ZnS粒子の合成
10mmolのCuCl2を含むDEG溶液、5mmolのSnCl2を含むDEG溶液に、15mmolのチオアセトアミド(thioacetamide)を含むDEG溶液を入れ、175℃まで昇温させた後、5時間攪拌して反応させ、再び常温で前記反応溶液に、6mmolのZnCl2を含むDEG溶液、6mmolのチオアセトアミドを含むDEG溶液をゆっくり滴加した後、180℃以上に加熱し、温度を維持しながら3時間攪拌した後、遠心分離法で精製して、Cu2SnS3−ZnSナノ粒子を得た。
Cu2SnS3−ZnS粒子の合成
10mmolのCuCl2を含むDEG溶液、5mmolのSnCl2を含むDEG溶液に、20mmolのチオアセトアミド(thioacetamide)を含むDEG溶液を入れ、175℃まで昇温させた後、3時間攪拌して反応させ、再び常温で前記反応溶液に、6mmolのZnCl2を含むDEG溶液、12mmolのチオアセトアミドを含むDEG溶液をゆっくり滴加した後、180℃以上に加熱し、温度を維持しながら3時間攪拌した後、遠心分離法で精製して、Cu2SnS3−ZnSナノ粒子を得た。
Cu2SnS3−ZnS粒子の合成
10mmolのCuCl2を含むDEG溶液、5mmolのSnCl2を含むDEG溶液に、20mmolのチオアセトアミド(thioacetamide)を含むDEG溶液を入れ、175℃まで昇温させた後、6時間攪拌して反応させ、再び常温で前記反応溶液に、6mmolのZnCl2を含むDEG溶液、12mmolのチオアセトアミドを含むDEG溶液をゆっくり滴加した後、180℃以上に加熱し、温度を維持しながら3時間攪拌した後、遠心分離法で精製して、Cu2SnS3−ZnSナノ粒子を得た。形成された粒子を分析した電子顕微鏡写真(SEM)及びXRDグラフを、図4及び図5に示した。
Cu2SnS3−ZnS粒子の合成
10mmolのCuCl2を含むEG溶液、5mmolのSnCl2を含むEG溶液に、30mmolのチオアセトアミド(thioacetamide)を含むEG溶液を入れ、175℃まで昇温させた後、3時間攪拌して反応させ、再び常温で前記反応溶液に、6mmolのZnCl2を含むEG溶液をゆっくり滴加した後、180℃以上に加熱し、温度を維持しながら3時間攪拌した後、遠心分離法で精製して、Cu2SnS3−ZnSナノ粒子を得た。
Cu2SnS3−ZnS粒子の合成
10mmolのCuCl2を含むDEG溶液、5mmolのSnCl2を含むDEG溶液、1mmolのPVPを含むDEG溶液に、30mmolのチオアセトアミド(thioacetamide)を含むDEG溶液を入れ、175℃まで昇温させた後、3時間攪拌して反応させ、再び常温で前記反応溶液に、7mmolのZnCl2を含むDEG溶液をゆっくり滴加した後、180℃以上に加熱し、温度を維持しながら3時間攪拌した後、遠心分離法で精製して、Cu2SnS3−ZnSナノ粒子を得た。
Cu2SnS3−ZnS粒子の合成
10mmolのCuCl2を含むH2O溶液、5mmolのSnCl2を含むH2O溶液に、30mmolのチオアセトアミド(thioacetamide)を含むH2O溶液を入れ、100℃まで昇温させた後、3時間攪拌して反応させ、再び常温で前記反応溶液に、6mmolのZnCl2を含むH2O溶液をゆっくり滴加した後、100℃に加熱し、温度を維持しながら3時間攪拌した後、遠心分離法で精製して、Cu2SnS3−ZnSナノ粒子を得た。
Cu2SnS3−ZnS粒子の合成
10mmolのCuCl2を含むH2O溶液、5mmolのSnCl2を含むH2O溶液、10mmolのクエン酸ナトリウム(sodium citrate)を含むH2O溶液に、30mmolのチオアセトアミド(thioacetamide)を含むH2O溶液を入れ、100℃まで昇温させた後、6時間攪拌して反応させ、再び常温で前記反応溶液に、6mmolのZnCl2を含むH2O溶液、12mmolのチオアセトアミドを含むH2O溶液をゆっくり滴加した後、100℃に加熱し、温度を維持しながら3時間攪拌した後、遠心分離法で精製して、Cu2SnS3−ZnSナノ粒子を得た。
Cu2SnS3−ZnS粒子の合成
10mmolのCu(NO3)2を含むH2O溶液、5mmolのSnCl2を含むH2O溶液、10mmolのメソシュウ酸ナトリウム(sodium mesoxalate)を含むH2O溶液に、30mmolのチオアセトアミド(thioacetamide)を含むH2O溶液を入れ、100℃まで昇温させた後、6時間攪拌して反応させ、再び常温で前記反応溶液に、6mmolのZn(OAc)2を含むH2O溶液、12mmolのチオアセトアミドを含むH2O溶液をゆっくり滴加した後、100℃に加熱し、温度を維持しながら5時間攪拌した後、遠心分離法で精製して、Cu2SnS3−ZnSナノ粒子を得た。
Cu2SnS3−ZnS粒子の合成
10mmolのCuCl2を含むH2O溶液、5mmolのSnCl2を含むH2O溶液に、30mmolのNa2Sを含むH2O溶液を入れ、常温で3時間攪拌して反応させ、再び常温で前記反応溶液に、6mmolのZnCl2を含むH2O溶液をゆっくり滴加した後、常温で3時間攪拌した後、遠心分離法で精製して、Cu2SnS3−ZnSナノ粒子を得た。
Cu2SnS3−ZnS粒子の合成
10mmolのCuSO4を含むH2O溶液、5mmolのSnCl2を含むH2O溶液、15mmolのクエン酸ナトリウム(sodium citrate)を含むH2O溶液に、30mmolのNa2Sを含むH2O溶液を入れ、常温で3時間攪拌して反応させ、再び常温で前記反応溶液に、6mmolのZnCl2を含むH2O溶液をゆっくり滴加した後、常温で3時間攪拌した後、遠心分離法で精製して、Cu2SnS3−ZnSナノ粒子を得た。
Cu2SnS3−ZnS粒子の合成
10mmolのCuSO4を含むH2O溶液、5mmolのSnCl2を含むH2O溶液に、30mmolのNa2Sを含むH2O溶液を入れ、常温で3時間攪拌して反応させ、再び常温で前記反応溶液に、6mmolのZnCl2を含むH2O溶液をゆっくり滴加した後、常温で3時間攪拌した後、遠心分離法で精製して、Cu2SnS3−ZnSナノ粒子を得た。
Cu2SnS3−ZnS粒子の合成
10mmolのCu(NO3)2を含むH2O溶液、5mmolのSnCl2を含むH2O溶液に、30mmolのNa2Sを含むH2O溶液を入れ、常温で3時間攪拌して反応させ、再び常温で前記反応溶液に、6mmolのZnCl2を含むH2O溶液をゆっくり滴加した後、常温で3時間攪拌した後、遠心分離法で精製して、Cu2SnS3−ZnSナノ粒子を得た。
Cu(acac)2(cupric acetylacetonate)、Zn(OAc)2(zinc acetate)、及びSn(acac)2Br2をオレイルアミン(oleylamine)溶液に溶解した後、225℃まで昇温させ、このとき、S元素が溶解しているオレイルアミン溶液を追加的に前記昇温された溶液に滴加した。形成された粒子を遠心分離法で精製して、CZTSナノ粒子を製造した。
CuCl2・2H2O、SnCl2、そしてチオアセトアミド(Thioacetamide)をジエチレングリコール(Diethylene Glycol)溶液に溶解した後、175℃で2.5時間加熱した。合成された粒子を遠心分離法で精製して、Cu2SnS3粒子を得た。また、別途にZnCl2、チオアセトアミド(Thioacetamide)、そしてPVPをジエチレングリコール(Diethylene Glycol)溶液に溶解した後、175℃で2.5時間加熱した。合成された粒子を遠心分離法で精製して、ZnS粒子を得た。
薄膜の製造
実施例8で製造されたCu2SnS3−ZnS粒子をアルコール系溶媒からなる混合溶媒に分散してインクを製造した後、モリブデン(Mo)がコーティングされたガラス基板(glass substrate)上にコーティングした。前記コーティング膜を乾燥させた後、Seが蒸着されたガラス基板と共に加熱してSe雰囲気が作られるようにした後、575℃でRTA(Rapid Thermal Annealing)することで、CZTSSe系薄膜を製造した。得られた薄膜を分析した電子顕微鏡(SEM)写真及びXRDグラフを、図6及び図7に示した。
薄膜の製造
比較例1で製造されたCZTSナノ粒子をトルエン(toluene)溶媒に分散してインクを製造した後、モリブデン(Mo)がコーティングされたソーダライムガラス基板(soda lime glass substrate)上にコーティングした。前記コーティング膜を乾燥させた後、Se雰囲気下で450℃で熱処理することで、CZTSSe系薄膜を製造した。得られた薄膜を分析したXRDグラフを、図8に示した。
薄膜の製造
比較例2で製造されたCu2SnS3ナノ粒子及びZnSナノ粒子をアルコール系溶媒からなる混合溶媒に分散してインクを製造した後、モリブデン(Mo)がコーティングされたガラス基板(glass substrate)上にコーティングした。前記コーティング膜を乾燥させた後、Seが蒸着されたガラス基板と共に加熱してSe雰囲気が作られるようにした後、575℃でRTA(Rapid Thermal Annealing)することで、CZTSSe系薄膜を製造した。得られた薄膜を分析したXRDグラフを、図9に示した。
薄膜太陽電池の製造
実施例17で製造されたCZTSSe系薄膜をシアン化カリウム(KCN)溶液でエッチングした後、CBD(Chemical bath deposition)方法を用いてCdS層(Thickness:50nm)を載せた後、スパッタリング法を用いてZnO層(Thickness:100nm)及びAlがドープされたZnO層(Thickness:500nm)を順次積層して薄膜を製造し、前記薄膜にアルミニウム(Al)電極を形成させることで、薄膜太陽電池を製造した。前記薄膜太陽電池から得られた電流−電圧(I−V)特性のグラフを図10に示した。
薄膜太陽電池の製造
比較例3で製造されたCZTSSe系薄膜にCBD(Chemical bath deposition)方法を用いてCdS層を載せた後、スパッタリング法を用いてZnO層及びITO層を順次積層して薄膜を製造し、前記薄膜に電極を形成させることで、薄膜太陽電池を製造した。前記薄膜太陽電池から得られた電流−電圧(I−V)特性のグラフを図11に示した。
薄膜太陽電池の製造
比較例4で製造されたCZTSSe系薄膜にCBD(Chemical bath deposition)方法を用いてCdS層を載せた後、スパッタリング法を用いてZnO層及びITO層を順次積層して薄膜を製造し、前記薄膜に電極を形成させることで、薄膜太陽電池を製造した。前記薄膜太陽電池から得られた電流−電圧(I−V)特性のグラフを図12に示した。
実施例18及び比較例5、6で製造された薄膜太陽電池の光電効率を測定し、その結果を、下記の表1、図10乃至図12に示した。
Claims (15)
- 太陽電池の光吸収層を形成する金属カルコゲナイドナノ粒子を合成する方法であって、
(i)硫黄(S)又はセレニウム(Se)を含む化合物からなる群から選択される1種以上のVI族ソースを含む第1溶液を準備する過程と、
(ii)銅(Cu)塩及び錫(Sn)塩を含む第2溶液、及び亜鉛(Zn)塩を含む第3溶液を準備する過程と、
(iii)前記第1溶液と第2溶液を混合及び加熱して、反応させる過程と、
(iv)前記過程(iii)の反応生成物に前記第3溶液を混合及び加熱して、反応させる過程と、
を含み、
前記金属カルコゲナイドナノ粒子は、銅(Cu)−錫(Sn)カルコゲナイドを含むコア、及び亜鉛(Zn)カルコゲナイドを含むシェルを含むコア−シェル構造を有することを特徴とする金属カルコゲナイドナノ粒子の合成方法。 - 前記過程(iv)の第3溶液の混合時に追加的にVI族ソースを添加することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の金属カルコゲナイドナノ粒子の合成方法。
- 前記第1溶液、第2溶液、及び第3溶液の溶媒は、水、ジエチレングリコール(diethylene glycol)、メタノール(methanol)、エタノール(ethanol)、オレイルアミン(oleylamine)、エチレングリコール(ethylene glycol)、トリエチレングリコール(triethylene glycol)、ジメチルスルホキシド(dimethyl sulfoxide)、ジメチルホルムアミド(dimethyl formamide)及びNMP(N−methyl−2−pyrrolidone)からなる群から選択される1つ以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の金属カルコゲナイドナノ粒子の合成方法。
- 前記銅(Cu)塩、錫(Sn)塩及び亜鉛(Zn)塩は、それぞれ独立して、塩化物(chloride)、臭化物(bromide)、ヨウ化物(iodide)、硝酸塩(nitrate)、亜硝酸塩(nitrite)、硫酸塩(sulfate)、酢酸塩(acetate)、亜硫酸塩(sulfite)、アセチルアセトネート塩(acetylacetoante)及び水酸化物(hydroxide)からなる群から選択される1つ以上の形態であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の金属カルコゲナイドナノ粒子の合成方法。
- 前記VI族ソースは、Se、Na2Se、K2Se、CaSe、(CH3)2Se、SeO2、SeCl4、H2SeO3、H2SeO4、Na2S、K2S、CaS、(CH3)2S、H2SO4、S、Na2S2O3、NH2SO3H及びこれらの水和物と、チオ尿素(thiourea)、チオアセトアミド(thioacetamide)、セレノアセトアミド(selenoacetamide)及びセレノ尿素(selenourea)からなる群から選択される1つ以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の金属カルコゲナイドナノ粒子の合成方法。
- 請求項1に記載の金属カルコゲナイドナノ粒子の合成方法で得られる金属カルコゲナイドナノ粒子を含む光吸収層製造用インク組成物を使用して薄膜を製造する方法であって、
(i)銅(Cu)−錫(Sn)カルコゲナイドを含むコア、及び亜鉛(Zn)カルコゲナイドを含むシェルを含むコア−シェル構造を有する金属カルコゲナイドナノ粒子を溶媒に分散してインクを製造する過程と、
(ii)電極が形成された基材上に前記インクをコーティングする過程と、
(iii)前記電極が形成された基材上にコーティングされたインクを乾燥させた後、熱処理する過程と、
を含むことを特徴とする、薄膜の製造方法。 - 前記過程(i)の溶媒は、アルカン系(alkanes)、アルケン系(alkenes)、アルキン系(alkynes)、芳香族化合物系(aromatics)、ケトン系(ketons)、ニトリル系(nitriles)、エーテル系(ethers)、エステル系(esters)、有機ハロゲン化物系(organic halides)、アルコール系(alcohols)、アミン系(amines)、チオール系(thiols)、カルボン酸系(carboxylic acids)、水素化リン系(phosphines)、リン酸塩系(phosphates)、スルホキシド系(sulfoxides)、及びアミド系(amides)からなる群から選択された1つ以上の有機溶媒であることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の薄膜の製造方法。
- 前記過程(i)のインクは添加剤をさらに含んで製造されることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の薄膜の製造方法。
- 前記添加剤は、ポリビニルピロリドン(Polyvinylpyrrolidone:PVP)、ポリビニルアルコール(Polyvinylalcohol)、アンチテラ204(Anti−terra 204)、アンチテラ205(Anti−terra 205)、エチルセルロース(ethyl cellulose)、及びディスパーBYK110(DispersBYK110)からなる群から選択されるいずれか1つ以上であることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の薄膜の製造方法。
- 前記過程(ii)のコーティングは、湿式コーティング、噴霧コーティング、ドクターブレード(doctor blade)コーティング、またはインクジェットプリンティングによって行われることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の薄膜の製造方法。
- 前記過程(iii)の熱処理は、摂氏400〜900度の範囲の温度で行われることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の薄膜の製造方法。
- 前記過程(i)において、金属カルコゲナイドナノ粒子と共にS及び/又はSeを粒子の形態で溶媒に分散してインクを製造することを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の薄膜の製造方法。
- 前記過程(iii)の熱処理は、S又はSeが存在する条件で行われることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の薄膜の製造方法。
- 前記S又はSeが存在する条件は、H2S又はH2Seのガス形態で供給されるか、または、Se又はSを加熱して気体として供給されることによってなされることを特徴とする、請求項13に記載の薄膜の製造方法。
- 前記過程(ii)の後にS又はSeを蒸着する過程をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の薄膜の製造方法。
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WO2016040690A1 (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2016-03-17 | The Regents Of The University Of California | High performance thin films from solution processible two-dimensional nanoplates |
WO2018065156A1 (en) | 2016-10-07 | 2018-04-12 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | KESTERITE MATERIAL OF CZTS, CZTSe OR CZTSSe TYPE |
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US10170649B2 (en) | 2019-01-01 |
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