JP6237530B2 - 硬質材料、焼結体、焼結体を用いた工具、硬質材料の製造方法および焼結体の製造方法 - Google Patents
硬質材料、焼結体、焼結体を用いた工具、硬質材料の製造方法および焼結体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明の一態様に係る工具は、上記の焼結体を用いた切削工具である。
最初に本発明の実施態様を列記して説明する。
[本発明の実施形態の詳細]
本発明の実施形態にかかる硬質材料、焼結体、工具、硬質材料の製造方法および焼結体の製造方法の具体例を、以下に説明する。なお、本発明はこれらの例示に限定されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。
第1の実施形態に係る硬質材料は、アルミニウムと、窒素と、チタン、クロムおよびケイ素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種とを含み、立方晶岩塩型構造を有する。
第1の実施形態に係る硬質材料は、銅を0.1質量%以上3.0質量%以下含むことが好ましく、0.1質量%以上0.5質量%以下含むことがさらに好ましい。該硬質材料を焼結体の材料として用いると、焼結体の耐摩耗性をさらに向上させることができる。
第2の実施形態に係る焼結体は、第1の実施形態に係る硬質材料を含む焼結体である。前記焼結体は、立方晶岩塩型構造を有する硬質材料を含むため、耐摩耗性が優れている。
前記化合物としては、たとえば、第4族元素、第5族元素および第6族元素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の遷移金属元素の炭化物、窒化物、炭窒化物を用いることができる。
前記焼結体は、さらに立方晶型窒化ホウ素を10質量%以上70質量%以下含むことが好ましく、30質量%以上50質量%以下含むことがさらに好ましい。
第3の実施形態に係る工具は、第2の実施形態に係る焼結体を用いた工具である。上記焼結体は、耐摩耗性に優れるため、これを用いた工具もまた、耐摩耗性に優れることとなる。
第4の実施形態に係る硬質材料の製造方法について、図1を用いて説明する。
図1を参照し、ターゲット準備工程(S1)において、アルミニウムと、チタン、クロムおよびケイ素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種とを構成元素として含むターゲットを準備する。具体的には、たとえば、アルミニウム、チタン、クロム、ケイ素などの粒子を混合してターゲットを準備する。
次に、硬質材料を含む薄膜合成工程(S2)において、ターゲットをアークイオンプレーティングや直流スパッタリング法などを用いて処理して、基板上に硬質材料(cAlMN)を含む薄膜を形成する。プロセスガスとしては、ArおよびN2を用いることが好ましい。アーク電流は10A〜300A、バイアス電圧は10V〜500V、N2ガス圧力は0.1Pa〜30Paの範囲に調整することが好ましい。基板は高速度鋼の薄板を用いることが好ましい。AlMNの粒径や結晶性を制御するため、100℃〜500℃に加熱しながら前記薄膜を合成することがより好ましい。窒素雰囲気下およびプラズマ中で処理を行うことで、AlとM(Mはチタン、クロムおよびケイ素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である)の原子拡散と窒化が行われる。
第5の実施形態に係る硬質材料の製造方法について、図2を用いて説明する。
図2を参照し、第1粒子群準備工程(S21)において、アルミニウム粒子およびアルミニウム窒化物粒子の少なくともいずれかと、クロム粒子、チタン粒子、ケイ素粒子およびこれらの元素の窒化物粒子からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の粒子とを含む第1粒子群を準備する。これらの粒子は、いずれも平均粒径が2μm以下であることが好ましく、さらに1μm以下であることが好ましい。六方晶型AlN粒子、CrN粒子、Cr2N粒子、TiN粒子、ケイ素粒子およびSi3N4粒子の平均粒径が2μm以下であると、以下に述べる硬質材料作製工程において、AlNとCr2Nの拡散、六方晶型Cr2Nの立方晶化およびこれに伴う六方晶型AlNの立方晶化、AlCrN固溶体の立方晶化を促進することができる。
次に、硬質材料作製工程(S22)において、前記第1粒子群を静圧合成法または衝撃圧縮法で処理して硬質材料を作製する。
第6の実施形態に係る焼結体の製造方法について、図3を用いて説明する。
図3を参照し、硬質材料準備工程(S31)において、第4の実施形態または第5の実施形態に記載された硬質材料の製造方法を用いて硬質材料を作製する。具体的な方法は、第4の実施形態または第5の実施形態と同一であるため、その説明は繰り返さない。
次に、硬質材料準備工程で得られた硬質材料を含む第2粒子群を準備する(S32)。
前記第2粒子群を10kPa以上15GPa以下の圧力および800℃以上1900℃以下の温度で処理して、焼結体を得る。焼結体作製工程は、非酸化雰囲気下で行うことが好ましく、特に真空中、または窒素雰囲気下で行うことが好ましい。焼結方法は特に限定されないが、放電プラズマ焼結(SPS)、ホットプレス、超高圧プレスなどを用いることができる。
<ターゲット準備工程>
ターゲット中のAl、Ti、Cr、Siの配合比(原子数比)が、表1の「ターゲット中の配合比(原子数比)」欄に記載の割合となるように、ターゲットを準備した。なお、ターゲットがCu、Fe、Co、Niを含む場合は、ターゲット中のCu、Fe、Co、Niの配合量(質量%)が、表1の「ターゲット中の配合量(質量%)」欄に記載の配合量となるようにターゲットを準備した。
次に、ターゲットをアークイオンプレーティング法で処理して、高速度鋼基板の上に薄膜を形成した。処理条件は、Ar流量20sccm、N2流量80sccm、圧力2Pa、バイアス110V、アーク電流91A、基板温度400℃であった。次に高速度鋼基板上に形成された薄膜を基板から剥がして回収し、ビーズミルで粒径0.5μm〜3μmになるよう粉砕してスラリーを作り、該スラリーを乾燥させることで硬質材料粒子を準備した。該硬質材料粒子をXRD分析したところ、立方晶岩塩型構造を有するAlMNが確認された。
次に、硬質材料粒子をタンタル製のカプセルに充填し、プレス機を用いて、圧力5GPaおよび温度1300℃の条件で焼結して焼結体を得た。
焼結体をXRD分析したところ、立方晶岩塩型構造を有するAlMNが確認された。
得られた焼結体を、レーザにより切断して仕上げ加工し、先端ノーズR0.8mmの切削工具を作製した。得られた切削工具を用いて、以下の切削条件で鋼(S45C)の切削試験を行い、1km切削後の各切削工具の逃げ面の摩耗量(μm)を測定した。
切削速度:400m/min.
切込み量:0.2mm
送り量:0.1mm/rev
切削油:なし
試料59では、アルミナセラミックス(組成:Al2O3/Y2O3=95体積%/5体積%)を用いて試料1と同様の切削工具を作製し、試料1と同様の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
試料1〜58は、試料59よりも、耐摩耗性が非常に優れていた。
<第1粒子群準備工程>
第1粒子群中のAl、Ti、Cr、Siの配合比(原子数比)が、表2の「第1粒子群中の配合比(原子数比)」欄に記載の割合となるように、六方晶型AlN粒子、CrN粒子、Cr2N粒子、TiN粒子、ケイ素粒子およびSi3N4粒子を混合した。なお、第1粒子群がCu、Fe、Co、Niを含む場合は、Cu、Fe、Co、Niの配合量(質量%)が、表2の「第1粒子群中の配合量(質量%)」欄に記載の配合量となるように、第1粒子群を準備した。混合物をビーズミルで粉砕、混合処理して、均一に混合されたスラリーを作り、該スラリーを乾燥させることで第1粒子群を準備した。
次に、第1粒子群を窒素炉中で、窒素圧力8MPaおよび温度2000℃で処理して硬質材料を作製した(静圧合成法)。該硬質材料をXRD分析したところ、立方晶岩塩型構造を有するAlMNが確認された。
次に、硬質材料粒子をタンタル製のカプセルに充填し、プレス機を用いて、圧力5GPaおよび温度1300℃の条件で焼結して焼結体を得た。
焼結体をXRD分析したところ、立方晶岩塩型構造を有するAlMNが確認された。
得られた焼結体を用いて試料1と同様の切削工具を作製し、試料1と同様の評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
試料118では、アルミナセラミックス(組成:Al2O3/Y2O3=95体積%/5体積%)を用いて試料1と同様の切削工具を作製し、試料1と同様の評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
試料60〜117は、試料118よりも、耐摩耗性が非常に優れていた。
<第1粒子群準備工程>
第1粒子群中のAl、Ti、Cr、Siの配合比(原子数比)が、表3の「第1粒子群中の配合比(原子数比)」欄に記載の割合となるように、六方晶型AlN粒子、CrN粒子、Cr2N粒子、TiN粒子、ケイ素粒子およびSi3N4粒子を混合した。混合物をビーズミルで粉砕、混合処理して、均一に混合されたスラリーを作り、該スラリーを乾燥させることで第1粒子群を準備した。
次に、第1粒子群をヒートシンクおよび銅粉と混合して鋼製容器に充填した。その後、爆薬の爆発により、第1粒子群を圧力15〜30GPaで処理して硬質材料を作製した(衝撃圧縮法)。該硬質材料をXRD分析したところ、立方晶岩塩型構造を有するAlMNが確認された。
次に、硬質材料粒子をタンタル製のカプセルに充填し、プレス機を用いて、圧力5GPaおよび温度1300℃の条件で焼結して焼結体を得た。
焼結体をXRD分析したところ、立方晶岩塩型構造を有するAlMNが確認された。
得られた焼結体を用いて試料1と同様の切削工具を作製し、試料1と同様の評価を行った。結果を表3に示す。
<硬質材料準備工程>
硬質材料として、試料2、試料5、試料15、試料26、試料51または試料57で作製した硬質材料を準備した。
硬質材料粒子、結合相成分粒子および立方晶型窒化ホウ素を、表4に示す割合で混合して第2粒子群を準備した。
第2粒子群をタンタル製のカプセルに充填し、プレス機を用いて、圧力5GPaおよび温度1300℃の条件で焼結して焼結体を得た。
焼結体をXRD分析したところ、立方晶岩塩型構造を有するAlMNが確認された。
得られた焼結体を用いて試料1と同様の切削工具を作製し、試料1と同様の評価を行った。結果を表4に示す。
今回開示された実施の形態はすべての点で例示であって、制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は上記した実施の形態ではなく特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味、および範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。
Claims (9)
- アルミニウムと、
窒素と、
チタン、クロムおよびケイ素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種と、
0.1質量%以上3.0質量%以下の銅とを含み、
立方晶岩塩型構造を有する硬質材料。 - 前記硬質材料は、鉄、コバルトおよびニッケルからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む第1金属を合計で0.5質量%以上5.0質量%以下含む、請求項1に記載の硬質材料。
- 請求項1または請求項2に記載の硬質材料を含む焼結体。
- 前記焼結体は、さらに周期表の第4族元素、第5族元素および第6族元素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の遷移金属元素と、炭素および窒素のいずれか一方または両方とからなる少なくとも1種の化合物を含む、請求項3に記載の焼結体。
- 前記焼結体は、さらに立方晶型窒化ホウ素を10質量%以上70質量%以下含む、請求項3または請求項4に記載の焼結体。
- 請求項3〜請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の焼結体を用いた切削工具。
- 請求項1または請求項2に記載の硬質材料の製造方法であって、
アルミニウムと、チタン、クロムおよびケイ素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種と、銅とを構成元素として含むターゲットを準備する工程と、
前記ターゲットを、アルゴンおよび窒素雰囲気中で、物理蒸着法で処理して、基板上に前記硬質材料を含む薄膜を気相合成する工程とを備える、
硬質材料の製造方法。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の硬質材料の製造方法であって、
アルミニウム粒子およびアルミニウム窒化物粒子の少なくともいずれかと、クロム粒子、チタン粒子、ケイ素粒子およびこれらの元素の窒化物粒子からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の粒子と、銅とを含む第1粒子群を準備する工程と、
前記第1粒子群を、静圧合成法または衝撃圧縮法で処理して前記硬質材料を作製する工程とを備える、
硬質材料の製造方法。 - 請求項3〜請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の焼結体の製造方法であって、
請求項7または請求項8に記載の硬質材料の製造方法によって、硬質材料を準備する工程と、
前記硬質材料を含む第2粒子群を準備する工程と、
前記第2粒子群を焼結して焼結体を得る工程とを備える、
焼結体の製造方法。
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| EP15830189.5A EP3178800B1 (en) | 2014-08-08 | 2015-08-04 | Hard material, sintered body, tool using sintered body, manufacturing method of hard material and manufacturing method of sintered body |
| KR1020177005507A KR20170042617A (ko) | 2014-08-08 | 2015-08-04 | 경질 재료, 소결체, 소결체를 이용한 공구, 경질 재료의 제조 방법 및 소결체의 제조 방법 |
| CN201580042611.5A CN106573849A (zh) | 2014-08-08 | 2015-08-04 | 硬质材料、烧结材料、包含烧结材料的工具、硬质材料的制造方法和烧结材料的制造方法 |
| PCT/JP2015/072050 WO2016021581A1 (ja) | 2014-08-08 | 2015-08-04 | 硬質材料、焼結体、焼結体を用いた工具、硬質材料の製造方法および焼結体の製造方法 |
| US15/502,434 US10023499B2 (en) | 2014-08-08 | 2015-08-04 | Hard material, sintered material, tool including sintered material, manufacturing method of hard material, and manufacturing method of sintered material |
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| JP6765361B2 (ja) * | 2017-10-18 | 2020-10-07 | ユニオンツール株式会社 | 切削工具用硬質皮膜及びドリル |
| US11479862B2 (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2022-10-25 | Oerlikon Surface Solutions Ag, Pfäffikon | Corrosion- and erosion-resistant coating for turbine blades of gas turbines |
| WO2020017191A1 (ja) | 2018-07-17 | 2020-01-23 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 焼結体、粉末及び粉末の製造方法 |
| WO2020036009A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-13 | 2020-02-20 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 硬質材料、焼結体、粉末、及び、硬質材料の製造方法 |
| KR102055320B1 (ko) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-12-13 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 물리증착용 타겟, 이에 의한 질화물 경질피막 및 이들의 제조방법 |
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| JP2977308B2 (ja) | 1991-03-28 | 1999-11-15 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 機械加工用のセラミックス焼結体 |
| JPH10182234A (ja) * | 1996-12-25 | 1998-07-07 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 立方晶窒化硼素基焼結材及びその製造方法 |
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