WO2017073655A1 - 表面被覆切削工具 - Google Patents
表面被覆切削工具 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017073655A1 WO2017073655A1 PCT/JP2016/081858 JP2016081858W WO2017073655A1 WO 2017073655 A1 WO2017073655 A1 WO 2017073655A1 JP 2016081858 W JP2016081858 W JP 2016081858W WO 2017073655 A1 WO2017073655 A1 WO 2017073655A1
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- layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
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- the present invention is a surface-coated cutting tool that exhibits excellent chipping resistance and wear resistance with a hard coating layer in cutting of hard materials such as hardened steel (hereinafter referred to as “cutting steel”). , Referred to as a coated tool).
- a coated tool for throwing inserts that can be used detachably attached to the tip of a cutting tool for turning and planing of various materials such as steel and cast iron, and for drilling and cutting the work material
- Many proposals have been made for the purpose of improving the cutting performance of the coated tool.
- Patent Document 1 Cr, Al, and Si are formed on the surface of a tool base such as tungsten carbide (hereinafter referred to as WC) -based cemented carbide, titanium carbonitride (hereinafter referred to as TiCN) -based cermet.
- WC tungsten carbide
- TiCN titanium carbonitride
- Patent Document 2 includes, on the surface of the substrate, an element selected from one or more of 4a, 5a, and 6a group metals of the periodic table as a metal element and Al and an Si element, and N,
- the Si and B-containing coating is separated from the crystalline phase.
- the excess hardness can be obtained without sacrificing the high hardness of the Si-containing wear-resistant coating. It has been proposed to suppress embrittlement due to residual compressive stress and improve the toughness of the Si-containing wear-resistant coating. Furthermore, it is described that it is effective in improving oxidation resistance by substituting less than 10 atomic% of the film component with Cu.
- Patent Document 3 in a coated tool in which a hard coating layer is coated on the surface of a tool base, at least one layer of a hard film is (MaLb) Xc (where M is Cr, Al, Ti, Hf, V, Zr). , Ta, Mo, W, Y represents at least one metal element selected from L, and L represents at least one additive element selected from Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, B, Si, S X represents at least one nonmetallic element selected from C, N, and O, a represents the atomic ratio of M to the sum of M and L, and b represents the sum of M and L C represents the atomic ratio of X with respect to the sum of M and L.
- a coated tool with improved hardness, oxidation resistance, toughness, and wear resistance of the hard coating has been proposed. Further, it is described that when Cu is contained as
- Japanese Patent No. 3781374 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-34186 (A) Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2008-31517 (A) Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2008-73800 (A)
- the inventors of the present application are accompanied by high heat generation, such as high-speed milling processing of high hardness materials such as hardened steel, and a large impact and mechanical load on the cutting blade from the above viewpoint.
- high heat generation such as high-speed milling processing of high hardness materials such as hardened steel
- the layer forming material constituting the hard coating layer of the conventional coated tool and its crystal structure are developed. As a result of paying attention, the following findings were obtained.
- the Al component of the (Al, Cr, Si) N layer constituting the hard coating layer is high-temperature hardness, and the Cr component improves high-temperature toughness and high-temperature strength.
- the high-temperature oxidation resistance is improved, and the Si component has the effect of improving the heat-resistant plastic deformation.
- the Cr content ratio is increased. Even if it is going to improve high temperature toughness and high temperature strength by this, abrasion resistance will fall by the relative reduction
- the inventor of the present application aims to improve wear resistance by refining crystal grains by adding Cu as a component of the hard coating layer made of the (Al, Cr, Si) N layer, By improving the toughness of the hard coating layer by adopting a hexagonal crystal structure, it is accompanied by high heat generation, such as high-speed milling of hardened materials such as hardened steel, and has a large impact on the cutting edge.
- the present inventors have found that both excellent chipping resistance and excellent wear resistance of a coated tool can be achieved even under cutting processing conditions in which mechanical and mechanical loads are applied.
- This invention is made
- a hard coating layer is provided on the surface of a tool base made of any of tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide, TiCN-based cermet, cubic boron nitride sintered body, and high-speed tool steel
- the hard coating layer includes at least a composite nitride layer of Al, Cr, Si, and Cu having an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 8.0 ⁇ m
- the composite nitride layer is When expressed by the composition formula: (Al 1-abc Cr a Si b Cu c ) N, 0.15 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.40, 0.05 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.20, 0.005 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.05 (where a, b, and c are atomic ratios)
- the crystal structure of the composite nitride layer is a hexagonal crystal structure, and the half width of the diffraction peak of the (110) plane
- the coated cutting tool of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “the coated cutting tool of the present invention”) will be described in detail.
- Al component in Al / Cr / Si / Cu composite nitride layer (hereinafter also referred to as “(Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer”) has high temperature hardness, and Cr component has high temperature. While improving toughness and high-temperature strength, improving high-temperature oxidation resistance in the state of coexistence of Al and Cr, the Si component also has the effect of improving heat-resistant plastic deformation, and the Cu component has There is an effect of improving the wear resistance by miniaturizing the crystal grains.
- a value (atomic ratio) which shows the content rate of Cr in the said (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer is the ratio which occupies for the total amount of Al, Si, and Cu, and is less than 0.15, it is minimum required The high temperature toughness and high temperature strength cannot be ensured, so the occurrence of chipping and defects cannot be suppressed.
- the a value exceeds 0.40 the relative Al content decreases. Since the progress of wear is promoted, the value a is set to 0.15 to 0.40.
- the b value (atomic ratio) indicating the Si content ratio is less than 0.05 in the total amount of Al, Cr, and Cu, it is possible to expect an improvement in wear resistance by improving the heat plastic deformation resistance.
- Average layer thickness of (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer If the average layer thickness of the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer is less than 0.5 ⁇ m, it cannot exhibit excellent wear resistance over a long period of use, while the average layer thickness is 8 If the thickness exceeds 0.0 ⁇ m, chipping and defects are likely to occur. Therefore, the average layer thickness of the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer is determined to be 0.5 to 8.0 ⁇ m.
- the hard coating layer has a resistance to resistance under cutting conditions that generate high heat, such as high-speed milling of hardened materials such as hardened steel, and are subject to a large impact and mechanical load on the cutting edge.
- the composition and layer thickness of the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer were determined as described above.
- the crystal structure of the layer was hexagonal. By making crystals, chipping resistance can be further improved.
- the formation of a hard film using an AIP apparatus is well known, but it is formed when an Al—Cr—Si—Cu alloy is used as a target under normal conditions (Al, Cr, Si, The Cu) N layer has a cubic crystal structure or is mainly composed of a cubic crystal structure. Therefore, in the present invention, when the film is formed by the AIP apparatus 6 using the Al—Cr—Si—Cu alloy shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B as a target, the film is formed in a magnetic field and applied to the target surface at the maximum. By controlling the magnetic flux density and the bias voltage, it is possible to form an (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer made of a hexagonal crystal rather than a cubic crystal.
- the maximum magnetic flux density applied to the target surface is 7 to 15 mT (millitesla), and the bias voltage applied to the tool substrate is adjusted within the range of ⁇ 75 to ⁇ 150 V, so that the cubic structure is not obtained.
- An (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer made of a hexagonal crystal can be formed.
- the crystal structure of the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer is composed of a hexagonal crystal structure, so that the toughness can be improved without causing a decrease in wear resistance. Chipping property is improved.
- the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer provided in the coated cutting tool of the present invention can be composed entirely of hexagonal structure crystals, but the layer contains a slight amount of cubic structure crystals.
- the chipping resistance and the wear resistance are not adversely affected.
- the diffraction peak intensity of the cubic (200) plane obtained by X-ray diffraction exceeds the diffraction peak intensity of the hexagonal (110) plane, the wear resistance is improved but the chipping resistance is lowered.
- the crystal structure of the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer is all a hexagonal crystal structure, and the crystal of the cubic structure is slightly contained in the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer. Including both cases, the crystal structure of the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer may be expressed mainly as a hexagonal crystal structure.
- 2 ⁇ is in the range of 55 ° to 65 °, ( A diffraction peak peculiar to the hexagonal structure from the 110) plane is observed.
- this diffraction peak is sharp, that is, when the half-value width is less than 1.0 °, the wear resistance of the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer is lowered, while the peak is broad.
- the half-value width is larger than 3.5 °, the chipping resistance of the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer tends to decrease, so that 2 ⁇ measured by X-ray diffraction is from 55 °.
- the full width at half maximum for the diffraction peak from the (110) plane existing in the range of 65 ° is 1.0 ° or more and 3.5 ° or less.
- the hard coating layer includes at least a layer composed of an (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer having a predetermined composition, and the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer
- the coated cutting tool of the present invention has excellent chipping resistance even in high-speed milling of hardened materials such as hardened steel, which is accompanied by high heat generation and has a large impact and mechanical load on the cutting edge. It exhibits excellent wear resistance over a long period of time.
- the coated cutting tool of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
- a case where a WC-based cemented carbide is used as a tool base will be described.
- a TiCN-based cermet, a cubic boron nitride sintered body, and a high-speed tool steel are used as a tool base. Is the same.
- the green compacts were extruded and pressed, and these green compacts were heated to a predetermined temperature in the range of 1370 to 1470 ° C. at a temperature increase rate of 7 ° C./min in a 6 Pa vacuum atmosphere.
- Conditions for furnace cooling after holding at this temperature for 1 hour Sintered to form a round tool sintered body for forming a tool base having a diameter of 10 mm, and further, from the round bar sintered body, a diameter x length of a cutting edge portion is 6 mm x 12 mm by grinding.
- WC-base cemented carbide tool bases (end mills) 1 to 3 each having a two-blade ball shape with a twist angle of 30 degrees were manufactured.
- Each of the above tool bases 1 to 3 is ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and dried, and in a radial direction from the central axis on the rotary table 2 of the AIP device 6 shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B. Attached along the outer peripheral portion at a distance, a Ti cathode electrode 9 for bombard cleaning on one side of the AIP device 6, and a target (cathode electrode) made of an Al—Cr—Si—Cu alloy with a predetermined composition on the other side 5 is placed, (B) First, the tool base 3 is heated to 400 ° C.
- a DC bias voltage shown in Table 2 was applied, and a current of 100 A was passed between the Al—Cr—Si—Cu alloy target 5 and the anode electrode 7 to generate an arc discharge.
- a hard coating layer composed of an (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer having a composition and a target average layer thickness shown in Table 4 is formed on the surface of the tool base 3 by vapor deposition, so that the coating of the present invention shown in Table 4 is performed.
- Surface-coated end mills 1 to 10 (hereinafter referred to as the present invention 1 to 10) as cutting tools were produced, respectively.
- Comparative example For the purpose of comparison, the step (c) in the above example was performed under the conditions shown in Table 3 (that is, the maximum magnetic flux density on the surface of the Al—Cr—Si—Cu alloy target 5 was changed), and ( The surface of the comparative cutting tool of the comparative example shown in Table 5 except that the process of d) is carried out under the same conditions as shown in Table 3 (that is, changing the nitrogen partial pressure and DC bias voltage). Coated end mills 1 to 10 (hereinafter referred to as Comparative Examples 1 to 10) were produced.
- X-ray diffraction was measured by the 2 ⁇ - ⁇ method using CuK ⁇ rays using a Spectris PANalytical Empire as an X-ray diffractometer, and measurement conditions (2 ⁇ ): 30 to 80 degrees, X-ray output: The measurement was performed under the conditions of 45 kV, 40 mA, divergent slit: 0.5 degree, scan step: 0.013 degree, measurement time per step: 0.48 sec / step. Tables 4 and 5 show the measured and calculated values.
- cutting conditions A Work material-Plane dimensions: 100 mm x 250 mm, thickness: 50 mm JIS / SKD11 (60HRC) plate material, Cutting speed: 100 m / min, Rotational speed: 5400 min. -1 , Incision: ae 0.2 mm, ap 2 mm, Feed rate (per blade): 0.05 mm / tooth, Cutting length: 40 m Further, a side cutting test of high-speed tool steel was performed under the following conditions (referred to as cutting condition B).
- the coated cutting tool of the present invention includes at least a (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer having a predetermined composition as the hard coating layer, and (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N.
- the crystal structure of the layer is mainly a hexagonal crystal structure.
- the composition of the (Al, Cr, Si, Cu) N layer constituting the hard coating layer, the crystal structure, or the half width of the diffraction peak of the (110) plane is outside the range specified in the present invention. It is clear that the coated cutting tool reaches the service life in a relatively short time due to occurrence of chipping or progress of wear.
- Table 6 in the above example is for the coated cutting tool of the present invention using a WC-based cemented carbide as a tool substrate, but the tool substrate is not limited to a WC-based cemented carbide, TiCN-based cermet, cubic boron nitride sintered body, and high-speed tool steel can be used as the tool base, and the coated cutting tool of the present invention using these as the tool base also has excellent resistance to resistance as in the above-described embodiment. Chipping properties and excellent wear resistance are demonstrated over a long period of use.
- the coated cutting tool of the present invention exhibits excellent cutting performance over a long period of time when subjected to high-speed milling of a hard material such as hardened steel.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2015年10月28日に、日本に出願された特願2015-211483号及び2016年10月26日に、日本に出願された特願2016-209194号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
そして、被覆工具の切削性能改善を目的として、従来から、数多くの提案がなされている。
一方、特許文献2~4に示される従来被覆工具においては、硬質被覆層成分としてCuを含有させ、結晶粒の微細化を図ることによって耐摩耗性を向上させることが提案されているが、耐摩耗性が向上する反面、靭性が低下することによってチッピングの発生を抑制することができず、工具寿命は依然として短命である。
そこで、本願発明者は、(Al、Cr、Si)N層からなる硬質被覆層の成分として、Cuを含有させることによって、結晶粒微細化による耐摩耗性の向上を狙うとともに、硬質被覆層の結晶構造を六方晶構造とすることによって硬質被覆層の靭性を向上させることによって、焼入れ鋼などの高硬度材の高速ミーリング加工のような、高熱発生を伴い、しかも、切刃に対して大きな衝撃的・機械的負荷がかかる切削加工条件においても、被覆工具のすぐれた耐チッピング性とすぐれた耐摩耗性の両立を図り得ることを見出したのである。
(1)炭化タングステン基超硬合金、TiCN基サーメット、立方晶窒化硼素焼結体および高速度工具鋼のいずれかからなる工具基体の表面に、硬質被覆層が設けられた表面被覆切削工具において、
前記硬質被覆層は、平均層厚0.5~8.0μmのAlとCrとSiとCuの複合窒化物層を少なくとも含み、
前記複合窒化物層は、
組成式:(Al1-a-b-cCraSibCuc)Nで表した場合、
0.15≦a≦0.40、0.05≦b≦0.20、0.005≦c≦0.05(ただし、a、b、cはいずれも原子比)を満足し、
前記複合窒化物層の結晶構造は六方晶構造からなり、該複合窒化物層についてX線回折により求めた2θ=55~65°の範囲に存在する(110)面の回折ピークの半値幅は1.0~3.5°であることを特徴とする表面被覆切削工具。
(2)前記複合窒化物層は、該層中に六方晶構造の結晶とともに立方晶構造の結晶を含有することを特徴とする前記(1)に記載の表面被覆切削工具。
(3)前記複合窒化物層の立方晶(200)面の回折ピーク強度をc(200)、六方晶(110)面の回折ピーク強度をh(110)としたとき、ピーク強度比c(200)/h(110)<1であることを特徴とする前記(1)又は(2)に記載の表面被覆切削工具。
AlとCrとSiとCuの複合窒化物層(以下、「(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層」で示す場合もある。)におけるAl成分には高温硬さ、同Cr成分には高温靭性、高温強度を向上させると共に、AlおよびCrが共存含有した状態で高温耐酸化性を向上させ、さらに同Si成分には耐熱塑性変形性を向上させる作用があり、また、Cu成分には、結晶粒の微細化を図ることによって耐摩耗性を向上させる作用がある。
なお、上記a、b、cについて、望ましい範囲は、0.15≦a≦0.25、0.05≦b≦0.15、0.01≦c≦0.03である。
前記(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層は、その平均層厚が0.5μm未満では、長期の使用にわたってすぐれた耐摩耗性を発揮することはできず、一方、その平均層厚が8.0μmを超えると、チッピング、欠損を発生しやすくなるので、(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層の平均層厚は、0.5~8.0μmと定めた。
本願発明では、焼入れ鋼などの高硬度材の高速ミーリング加工のような、高熱発生を伴い、しかも、切刃に対して大きな衝撃的・機械的負荷がかかる切削加工条件において、硬質被覆層の耐チッピング性とすぐれた耐摩耗性の両立を図るため、(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層の組成および層厚を前記のとおり定めたが、これに加えて、該層の結晶構造を六方晶とすることによって、さらに耐チッピング性を向上させることができる。
従来から、AIP装置を用いた硬質皮膜の成膜はよく知られているが、Al-Cr-Si-Cu合金をターゲットとして通常の条件で成膜すると、形成される(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層は立方晶構造のもの、あるいは、立方晶構造が主体のものとなる。
そこで、本願発明では、図1A及び図1Bに示すAl-Cr-Si-Cu合金をターゲットとして用いたAIP装置6による成膜に際し、磁場中で成膜を行い、かつ、ターゲット表面に印加する最大磁束密度を制御するとともに、バイアス電圧を制御することによって、立方晶構造ではなく六方晶構造の結晶からなる(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層を形成することができる。
例えば、ターゲット表面に印加する最大磁束密度は7~15mT(ミリテスラ)、また、工具基体に印加するバイアス電圧、―75~-150Vの範囲内で蒸着条件を調整することによって、立方晶構造ではなく六方晶構造の結晶からなる(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層を形成することができる。
そして、(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層の結晶構造が、六方晶構造で構成されることによって、耐摩耗性の低下を招くことなく靭性を向上させることができ、その結果として、耐チッピング性が向上する。
本願発明の被覆切削工具が備える(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層は、その全てを六方晶構造の結晶で構成することができるが、該層中に立方晶構造の結晶がわずかに含有されていても、耐チッピング性、耐摩耗性に悪影響を及ぼすことはない。
ただ、X線回折で得られる立方晶(200)面の回折ピーク強度が、六方晶(110)面の回折ピーク強度を超えると耐摩耗性は向上するものの耐チッピング性が低下することから、立方晶(200)面の回折ピーク強度をc(200)、六方晶(110)面の回折ピーク強度をh(110)としたときのピーク強度比c(200)/h(110)<1とすることが望ましい。
このピーク強度比が0.05未満であった場合、便宜上、ピーク強度比は「0」としている。
以下では、(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層の結晶構造が全て六方晶構造である場合と(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層中に立方晶構造の結晶がわずかに含有される場合の双方を含めて、(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層の結晶構造は六方晶構造が主体であると表現することがある。
そして、この回折ピークが尖鋭な場合、即ち、半値幅が1.0°未満である場合には、(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層の耐摩耗性が低下し、一方、ピークがブロードであり、半値幅が3.5°より大きい場合には、(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層の耐チッピング性が低下傾向を示すことから、X線回折により測定した2θが55°から65°の範囲内に存在する(110)面からの回折ピークについての半値幅は、1.0°以上3.5°以下とする。
なお、実施例としては、WC基超硬合金を工具基体として用いた場合について説明するが、TiCN基サーメット、立方晶窒化硼素焼結体、高速度工具鋼を工具基体として用いた場合であっても同様である。
(b)まず、装置内を排気して真空に保持しながら、ヒーター1で工具基体3を400℃に加熱した後、前記回転テーブル2上で自転しながら回転する工具基体3に-1000Vの直流バイアス電圧を印加し、かつ、Tiカソード電極5とアノード電極10との間に100Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させ、もって工具基体表面をボンバード洗浄し、
(c)ついで、上記Al-Cr-Si-Cu合金ターゲット5の表面に表2に示す種々の最大磁束密度に制御した磁場を印加し、
(d)ついで、装置内に反応ガスとして窒素ガスを導入して表2に示す窒素圧とすると共に、前記回転テーブル2上で自転しながら回転する工具基体3の温度を表2に示す温度範囲内に維持するとともに表2に示す直流バイアス電圧を印加し、かつ前記Al-Cr-Si-Cu合金ターゲット5とアノード電極7との間に100Aの電流を流してアーク放電を発生させ、もって前記工具基体3の表面に、表4に示される組成および目標平均層厚の(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層からなる硬質被覆層を蒸着形成することにより、表4に示す本願発明の被覆切削工具としての表面被覆エンドミル1~10(以下、本発明1~10という)をそれぞれ製造した。
また、比較の目的で、上記実施例における(c)の工程を表3に示す条件(即ち、Al-Cr-Si-Cu合金ターゲット5の表面の最大磁束密度を変更)で行い、また、(d)の工程を同じく表3に示す条件(即ち、窒素分圧、直流バイアス電圧の変更)で行い、その他は実施例と同一の条件で、表5に示す比較例の被覆切削工具としての表面被覆エンドミル1~10(以下、比較例1~10という)をそれぞれ製造した。
また、その層厚を、走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて断面測定し、5ヶ所の測定値の平均値から、平均層厚を算出した。
さらに、上記で作製した本発明1~10および比較例1~10について、硬質被覆層のX線回折を行い、バックグラウンド除去した後に六方晶構造を示す2θ=55~65°の範囲内に現れる(110)面のピークをPseudo Voigt関数でフィティングし、そのピークの半値幅を測定した。
なお、X線回折は、X線回折装置としてスペクトリス社PANalytical Empyreanを用いて、CuKα線による2θ‐θ法で測定し、測定条件として、測定範囲(2θ):30~80度、X線出力:45kV、40mA、発散スリット:0.5度、スキャンステップ:0.013度、1ステップ辺り測定時間:0.48sec/stepという条件で測定した。
表4、表5に、測定・算出したそれぞれの値を示す。
被削材-平面寸法:100mm×250mm、厚さ:50mmのJIS・SKD11(60HRC)の板材、
切削速度:100 m/min、
回転速度:5400 min.-1、
切り込み:ae 0.2mm、ap 2mm、
送り速度(1刃当り):0.05 mm/tooth、
切削長:40 m、
さらに、下記の条件(切削条件Bという)での高速度工具鋼の側面切削加工試験を実施した。
被削材-平面寸法:100mm×250mm、厚さ:50mmのJIS・SKH51(64HRC)の板材、
切削速度:100 m/min、
回転速度:5400 min.-1、
切り込み:ae 0.2mm、ap 2mm、
送り速度(1刃当り):0.05 mm/tooth、
切削長:10 m、
いずれの側面切削加工試験でも切刃の逃げ面摩耗幅を測定した。
この測定結果を表6に示した。
これに対して、硬質被覆層を構成する(Al、Cr、Si、Cu)N層の組成、結晶構造あるいは(110)面の回折ピークの半値幅が本願発明で規定する範囲を外れる比較例の被覆切削工具では、チッピングの発生、あるいは、摩耗進行によって、比較的短時間で使用寿命に至ることが明らかである。
なお、前記実施例の表6は、WC基超硬合金を工具基体とする本願発明の被覆切削工具についてのものであるが、工具基体は、WC基超硬合金に限定されるものではなく、TiCN基サーメット、立方晶窒化硼素焼結体、高速度工具鋼を工具基体として用いることができ、これらを工具基体とする本願発明の被覆切削工具においても、前記実施例と同様に、すぐれた耐チッピング性およびすぐれた耐摩耗性が長期の使用に亘って発揮される。
2 回転テーブル
3 超硬基体
4、8 磁力発生源
5 Al-Cr-Si-Cu合金ターゲット(カソード電極)
6 AIP装置
7、10 アノード電極
9 Tiターゲット(カソード電極)
11 反応ガス導入口
12 排ガス口
13、14 アーク電極
15 バイアス電極
Claims (3)
- 炭化タングステン基超硬合金、TiCN基サーメット、立方晶窒化硼素焼結体および高速度工具鋼のいずれかからなる工具基体の表面に、硬質被覆層が設けられた表面被覆切削工具において、
前記硬質被覆層は、平均層厚0.5~8.0μmのAlとCrとSiとCuの複合窒化物層を少なくとも含み、
前記複合窒化物層は、
組成式:(Al1-a-b-cCraSibCuc)Nで表した場合、
0.15≦a≦0.40、0.05≦b≦0.20、0.005≦c≦0.05(ただし、a、b、cはいずれも原子比)を満足し、
前記複合窒化物層の結晶構造は六方晶構造からなり、該複合窒化物層についてX線回折により求めた2θ=55~65°の範囲内に存在する(110)面の回折ピークの半値幅は1.0~3.5°であることを特徴とする表面被覆切削工具。 - 前記複合窒化物層は、該層中に六方晶構造の結晶とともに立方晶構造の結晶を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表面被覆切削工具。
- 前記複合窒化物層の立方晶(200)面の回折ピーク強度をc(200)、六方晶(110)面の回折ピーク強度をh(110)としたとき、ピーク強度比c(200)/h(110)<1であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の表面被覆切削工具。
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