JP6236995B2 - 排気ガス浄化用触媒及びその製造方法並びにそれを用いた排気ガス浄化方法 - Google Patents
排気ガス浄化用触媒及びその製造方法並びにそれを用いた排気ガス浄化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6236995B2 JP6236995B2 JP2013176649A JP2013176649A JP6236995B2 JP 6236995 B2 JP6236995 B2 JP 6236995B2 JP 2013176649 A JP2013176649 A JP 2013176649A JP 2013176649 A JP2013176649 A JP 2013176649A JP 6236995 B2 JP6236995 B2 JP 6236995B2
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
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- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9422—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by NOx storage or reduction by cyclic switching between lean and rich exhaust gases (LNT, NSC, NSR)
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Description
まず、本発明の参考形態に係る排気ガス浄化用触媒の構成について図1及び図2を参照しながら説明する。図1は本実施形態に係る排気ガス浄化用触媒の一部を示す断面図であり、図2は該排気ガス浄化用触媒の触媒層構成を示す断面図である。
次に、排気ガス浄化用触媒の製造方法について説明する。
エンジンの排気ガス通路に設けられたパティキュレートフィルタの排気ガス流れ方向上流側に本実施形態に係る排気ガス浄化用触媒を配設し、その下流側にNOx濃度を検出するNOxセンサを設け、フィルタの入口側と出口側とに圧力センサを設ける。これにより、触媒を通過した排気ガスのNOx濃度に基づいて、触媒中のNOx吸蔵材に吸蔵されたNOx吸蔵量を測定でき、また、フィルタの入口側と出口側とに設けられた圧力センサにより検出された差圧に基づいて、フィルタにおけるPM堆積量を測定できる。また、予め、NOx吸蔵材におけるNOx吸蔵量及びパティキュレートフィルタへのPM堆積量を決定しておき、そのNOx吸蔵量又はPM堆積量以上になったときに、エンジンの燃焼室に圧縮行程上死点付近で燃料を噴射供給する主噴射後に、膨張行程又は排気行程おいて燃料を噴射供給する後噴射を行うように制御する。これにより、NOxを還元浄化させる際には、排気ガス中へHCやCOを含ませて排気ガスの空燃比をリッチ状態にする。PMの酸化燃焼をさせる際には、排気ガス中へHCやCOを含ませながら、空燃比はリーンのままで、酸化熱を利用して触媒温度を上昇させる。なお、上記NOxセンサ及び圧力センサと接続された、燃料噴射制御をするためのコントローラを設けることが好ましい。
2 DOC(酸化触媒)層
2a 第1DOC(酸化触媒)層
2b 第2DOC(酸化触媒)層
3 LNT(リーンNOxトラップ)層
4 NOx還元層
5 排気ガス通路
Claims (6)
- 担体上に形成され、ゼオライト、アルミナ、セリア、並びにPt及びPdのうちの少なくとも1種の触媒金属を含む酸化触媒層と、
前記酸化触媒層の上に形成され、NOx吸蔵材としてのアルカリ土類金属と、Pt及びRhのうちの少なくとも1種の触媒金属とを含むLNT層と、
前記LNT層の上に形成され、アルミナ及びジルコニアのうちの少なくとも1つ並びに触媒金属としてのRhを含むNOx還元層とを備え、
前記酸化触媒層は、前記Pt及びPdのうちの少なくとも1種の触媒金属、アルミナ及びセリアを含む第1酸化触媒層と、該第1酸化触媒層の上に形成された前記Pt及びPdのうちの少なくとも1種の触媒金属及びゼオライトを含む第2酸化触媒層とを含み、
前記NOx還元層は、前記酸化触媒層及びLNT層よりも前記Rhの含有量が大きいことを特徴とする排気ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記LNT層は、アルミナ及びセリアをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の排気ガス浄化用触媒。
- 前記酸化触媒層におけるゼオライトの平均粒径は、0.5μm以上4.8μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の排気ガス浄化用触媒。
- 担体上に、ゼオライト、アルミナ、セリア、並びにPt及びPdのうちの少なくとも1種の触媒金属を含む酸化触媒層を形成する工程と、
前記酸化触媒層の上に、アルミナ及びセリアを含むLNTサポート材層を形成する工程と、
前記LNTサポート材層の上に、アルミナ及びジルコニアのうちの少なくとも1つを含むRh用サポート材層を形成する工程と、
前記LNTサポート材層及びRh用サポート材層を、NOx吸蔵材としてのアルカリ土類金属及び触媒金属としてのRhを含む溶液に含浸することにより、前記LNTサポート材層を前記NOx吸蔵材が含有されたLNT層にすると共に、前記Rh用サポート材層を前記酸化触媒層及びLNT層よりもRh含有量が大きいNOx還元層にする工程とを備え、
前記酸化触媒層を形成する工程では、前記アルミナ及びセリアの混合物に前記Pt及びPdのうちの少なくとも1種の触媒金属を担持してなる粉末を含むスラリーを前記担体に担持して乾燥させた後、その上に、前記ゼオライトに前記Pt及びPdのうちの少なくとも1種の触媒金属を担持してなる粉末を含むスラリーをコーティングし、乾燥、焼成することにより、当該触媒金属、アルミナ及びセリアを含む第1酸化触媒層と、該第1酸化触媒層の上の当該触媒金属及びゼオライトを含む第2酸化触媒層とを形成することを特徴とする排気ガス浄化用触媒の製造方法。 - 担体上に、ゼオライト、アルミナ、セリア、並びにPt及びPdのうちの少なくとも1種の触媒金属を含む酸化触媒層を形成する工程と、
前記酸化触媒層の上に、アルミナ及びセリアを含むLNTサポート材層を形成する工程と、
前記LNTサポート材層の上に、触媒金属としてのRhが担持されたアルミナ及び触媒金属としてのRhが担持されたジルコニアのうちの少なくとも1つを含むNOx還元層を形成する工程と、
前記LNTサポート材層を、NOx吸蔵材としてのアルカリ土類金属を含む溶液に含浸することにより、前記LNTサポート材層をNOx吸蔵材が含有されたLNT層にする工程とを備え、
前記酸化触媒層を形成する工程では、前記アルミナ及びセリアの混合物に前記Pt及びPdのうちの少なくとも1種の触媒金属を担持してなる粉末を含むスラリーを前記担体に担持して乾燥させた後、その上に、前記ゼオライトに前記Pt及びPdのうちの少なくとも1種の触媒金属を担持してなる粉末を含むスラリーをコーティングし、乾燥、焼成することにより、当該触媒金属、アルミナ及びセリアを含む第1酸化触媒層と、該第1酸化触媒層の上の当該触媒金属及びゼオライトを含む第2酸化触媒層とを形成し、
前記NOx還元層が前記酸化触媒層及び前記LNT層よりもRh含有量が大きくなるように各層を形成することを特徴とする排気ガス浄化用触媒の製造方法。 - エンジンの排気ガス通路に設けられたパティキュレートフィルタの排気ガス流れ方向上流側に請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の排気ガス浄化用触媒を配設し、
排気ガスの空燃比をリーンにして、排気ガス中のNOxを前記NOx吸蔵材に吸蔵させ、
前記NOx吸蔵材のNOx吸蔵量が所定値以上になったときに、前記エンジンの燃焼室に圧縮行程上死点付近で燃料を噴射供給する主噴射後に、膨張行程又は排気行程において燃料を噴射供給する後噴射させて排気ガス中へHCを含ませて、排気ガスの空燃比がリッチ状態になるように制御して前記NOx吸蔵材からNOxを放出させて、放出されたNOxを、前記NOx還元層を通過する際に前記Rhにより還元浄化させ、
前記パティキュレートフィルタへのパティキュレートマターの堆積量が所定値以上になったときに、排気ガスがリーン状態のままで前記主噴射後に前記後噴射させて、排気ガス中のHCを前記Pt及びPdにより酸化燃焼させて、前記パティキュレートフィルタに流入する排気ガス温度を昇温することにより、パティキュレートマターを燃焼することを特徴とする排気ガスの浄化方法。
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WO2015029382A1 (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
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