JP6161044B2 - 動的電力グリッドを用いて車両を充電するシステムおよび方法、並びに車両における動力消費を管理するシステムおよび方法 - Google Patents
動的電力グリッドを用いて車両を充電するシステムおよび方法、並びに車両における動力消費を管理するシステムおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
電力グリッド上での電気車両の充電では、従来、グリッドの電力供給容量と、グリッド上で充電されるすべての車両の希望充電時間とのトレードオフが要求される。
プラグイン・ハイブリッド電気車両(PHEV)といった車両は、2以上の車載の動力貯蔵システムから動力を取り出すことができる。第1は、(1)内燃エンジン、(2)伝統的なハイブリッド車両におけるような回生ブレーキ、または(3)PHEV独自の外部電力グリッドへのプラグ接続、によって充電できる再充電可能なバッテリである。第2の貯蔵システムは、内燃エンジンの動力を供給するために用いられる液体炭化水素燃料を貯蔵するための伝統的な燃料タンクである。PHEVが液体燃料および電力グリッドの両方から動力を用意できる能力があることから、車両の動力供給を行う実際のエネルギー源の範囲は仮想的には無制限である。これらの源としては、特に限定されるものではないが、ガソリン、エタノール、石炭、原子力、太陽光、水力および風力を挙げることができる。
車両が充電を取引するために集まる「フラッシュ充電モブ(Flash Charge Mob)」の形成を支援するための従来技術のシステムおよび方法は存在しない。特に、従来技術の方法では、その中で、車両の動力利用のフォワードモデル、進行中の車両間で余分な充電容量を購入しまたは販売するためのアドホック・マーケットの形成、および取引所によって決定された通りの特定の電圧および容量(アンペア時)で車両間の充電の引き渡しをするための動的に構成されたミニグリッド、またはこれらの組み合わせに基づいて、充電の取引が最適化される、フラッシュ充電モブの形成を支援するものではない。
(1)車両1および車両2をサーバと接続(例えば無線接続)する、
(2)車両1が、充電を必要とすることを示すメッセージを送信する、
(3)車両2がメッセージを受信する、
(4)車両2が、車両2が車両1へ提供する用意のある充電量を車両1に伝える、
(5)車両2が、車両2が使用可能な期間を車両1に伝える、
(6)車両2および車両1が、車両1の電気的な充電のための金銭的なレートを交渉する、
(7)車両1および車両2の間で安全な売買を実行する、
を含むことができる。
図10は、本発明の他の代表的な一態様による車両における動力消費を管理するシステム1000を示す。図10に示すように、システム100は、複数の動力源に対する複数の動力源シグネチャに基づいて、複数のパラメータ(例えば動力源の環境的な影響、車両の走行距離、車両の速度、車両の加速度、車両内のバッテリの寿命)を最適化し、車両190によって消費すべき動力を決定する最適化ユニット1010と、決定された動力に基づいて、車両に動力供給するための動作モードを設定する動作モード設定ユニットとを含む。
Claims (17)
- 車両を充電するシステムであって、
複数の車両に対する車両充電データをモデリングするフォワードモデルと、
前記フォワードモデルに基づいて、前記複数の車両のうちの第1の車両に対し前記複数の車両のうちの第2の車両が含まれる動的電力グリッドを介して電力を送信するための合意を支援する充電取引マーケットと、
前記フォワードモデルを格納し、ネットワークを介して前記複数の車両と通信可能に結合されたサーバと、
前記第1の車両を前記第2の車両に通信可能に接続し、かつ、前記第1の車両および前記第2の車両を前記サーバに通信可能に接続するための通信装置と
を含み、
前記充電取引マーケットは、前記ネットワークを介して公開され、
前記フォワードモデルは、前記ネットワークを介して、前記複数の車両から、前記フォワードモデルの内部的な設定パラメータに関するデータを入力し、
前記通信装置は、前記第1の車両および前記第2の車両の間の前記合意の事項の交渉を支援する、
システム。 - 前記設定パラメータに関するデータは、車両の現在の充電、該車両の位置、該車両の行き先、該車両の速度、該車両の電力消費率、該車両の希望到着時刻、該車両の希望最大待ち時間、天候条件および交通条件のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記サーバは、外部データベース内に格納されたデータにアクセスし、前記データは、
予測される将来の天候条件、予測される将来の交通条件、および標準電力グリッド上で車両を充電するための予測される将来の位置のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記サーバは、前記複数の車両からのデータおよび前記外部データベースからのデータを用いて、前記フォワードモデル内で制約付き最適化のパラメータ決めをし、前記最適化は、前記第1の車両を充電するために前記第1の車両および前記第2の車両が集合する最適な位置を決定し、
前記最適化は、前記第1の車両および前記第2の車両の停止時間を最小化し、かつ、計画された経路からの乖離を最小化し、かつ、電力グリッドからの前記第1の車両の予測された将来の充電までに予測されるすべての車両の動作にわたり、充電を使い切る可能性を最小化する、請求項3に記載のシステム。 - 前記合意に従って前記第2の車両から前記第1の車両へ電力を送信するための電力送信装置をさらに含み、前記充電取引マーケットは、前記電力送信装置と通信可能に接続され、前記電力送信装置を介して前記動的電力グリッドの電圧および容量を制御する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記電力送信装置は、並列バッテリ構成または直列バッテリ構成において、前記動的電力グリッドが前記第1の車両に充電を引き渡すかを決定する、請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 前記電力送信装置は、複数の経路を通して、電力を調節および導通する電力移転機構を含み、前記充電取引マーケットは、前記電力移転機構に通信可能に接続され、前記第2の車両から前記第1の車両へ交渉された電圧および充電容量で引き渡すために、前記動的電力グリッドにおける充電バッテリ間の直列結合または並列結合を支援するよう前記電力移転機構を構成する、請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 前記車両充電データは、車両動力利用データおよび車両充電要求データを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記充電取引マーケットは、遠隔的かつ無線により、前記動的電力グリッドを管理する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記第2の車両は、複数の第2の車両を含み、前記充電取引マーケットは、前記第1の車両による前記複数の第2の車両からの電力の購入を管理し、
前記第1の車両への電圧および電力送信は、前記複数の第2の車両の中の前記第2の車両の数に伴って増大され、充電時間は、前記複数の第2の車両の中の前記第2の車両の数に伴って減少される、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記充電取引マーケットは、前記複数の車両から前記第1の車両および前記第2の車両を含む車両が充電を取引するために集まるフラッシュ充電モブの形成を指示し、
前記充電取引マーケットは、前記フラッシュ充電モブ内の車両から入力を受け付け、前記入力は、電力の希望販売価格、電力の希望購入価格、希望充電時間、所要充電時間、希望最終充電レベルおよび所要最終充電レベルを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記車両のフラッシュ充電モブは、充電専用バスを含む設備に位置し、前記電力の送信は、前記充電専用バスを介した電力送信を含む、請求項11に記載のシステム。
- 前記フラッシュ充電モブ内の車両は、前記動的電力グリッドを確立するための車載装置を含み、前記電力の送信は、前記車載装置を介した電力の送信を含む、請求項11に記載のシステム。
- 前記複数の車両は、車載コンピューティング設備を含み、前記充電取引マーケットは、前記複数の車両により前記車載コンピューティング設備を用いて形成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記充電取引マーケットは、
前記第1の車両から前記第2の車両へ、前記第1の車両が充電を必要とすることを示すメッセージを伝達すること、
前記第2の車両から前記第1の車両へ、前記第2の車両が前記第1の車両へ送信する用意のある電力および前記第2の車両が電力を送信可能な時間を示すメッセージを伝達すること、
前記第1の車両および前記第2の車両間での電力送信の金銭的なレートの交渉を調整すること、および
前記第2の車両から前記第1の車両へ電力を送信するための時間および場所を調整すること
によって合意を支援する、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 車両を充電する方法であって、前記方法は、
複数の車両に対する車両充電データをモデリングするフォワードモデルを提供するステップと、
前記フォワードモデルに基づいて、前記複数の車両のうちの第1の車両に対し前記複数の車両のうちの第2の車両を含む動的電力グリッドを介して電力を送信する合意を支援するステップと
を含み、
前記合意を支援する充電取引マーケットは、ネットワークを介して公開され、
前記フォワードモデルを提供するステップは、前記ネットワークを介して、前記複数の車両から、前記フォワードモデルの内部的な設定パラメータに関するデータを入力し、
前記合意を支援するステップは、前記第1の車両および前記第2の車両の間の前記合意の事項の交渉を支援する、
方法。 - 車両を充電する方法を実行するためのデジタル処理装置によって実行可能なマシン読取可能な命令のプログラムを有形的に実装するプログラム格納媒体であって、前記方法は、
複数の車両に対する車両充電データをモデリングするフォワードモデルを提供するステップと、
前記フォワードモデルに基づいて、前記複数の車両のうちの第1の車両に対し前記複数の車両のうちの第2の車両を含む動的電力グリッドを介して電力を送信するための合意を支援するステップと
を含み、
前記合意を支援する充電取引マーケットは、ネットワークを介して公開され、
前記フォワードモデルを提供するステップは、前記ネットワークを介して、前記複数の車両から、前記フォワードモデルの内部的な設定パラメータに関するデータを入力し、
前記合意を支援するステップは、前記第1の車両および前記第2の車両の間の前記合意の事項の交渉を支援する、
プログラム格納媒体。
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