JP6147770B2 - 硬化性エポキシ組成物および短時間硬化法 - Google Patents
硬化性エポキシ組成物および短時間硬化法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6147770B2 JP6147770B2 JP2014558919A JP2014558919A JP6147770B2 JP 6147770 B2 JP6147770 B2 JP 6147770B2 JP 2014558919 A JP2014558919 A JP 2014558919A JP 2014558919 A JP2014558919 A JP 2014558919A JP 6147770 B2 JP6147770 B2 JP 6147770B2
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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Description
がら、脂肪族アミンを含むエポキシ配合物は、それらの反応性の増加および付随する発熱傾向に因り、反応開始時の温度に近いかまたはそれより高い温度で大量の樹脂を硬化させるためには、一般的に好適ではない。
高い硬化度を達成することができる。例えば樹脂トランスファー成形(RTM)法により、この短時間硬化樹脂組成物を、鋳型における樹脂注入に使用して、繊維強化材料に含浸させた場合、120℃以下で5分未満(例えば3分間)の硬化後に、95%超の硬化度、または97%超の硬化度を達成することができる。本明細書で論じられる硬化度は、5℃/分の速度で、DSCにより測定される。
本明細書において使用される場合、「多官能性エポキシ樹脂」と言う用語は、1つより多いエポキシ官能性を有し、かつ高分子状態に硬化することができる、化合物を指す。本開示における使用に好適なエポキシ樹脂は、アミン硬化剤との反応に利用可能な分子あたり、2つ以上のエポキシド基を有するポリエポキシド化合物である。一般的に、多官能性樹脂は、エポキシ官能性を有する、飽和、不飽和、環式もしくは非環式、脂肪族、脂環式、芳香族または複素環分子であり得る。好適な多官能性エポキシ樹脂の例としては:フェノールおよびクレゾールエポキシノボラック、フェノールアルデヒド付加物のグリシジルエーテル;二脂肪族ジオールのグリシジルエーテル;ジグリシジルエーテル;ジエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル;芳香族エポキシ樹脂;二脂肪族トリグリシジルエーテル、脂肪族ポリグリシジルエーテル;エポキシ化オレフィン;臭素化樹脂;芳香族グリシジルアミン;複素環グリシジルイミジンおよびアミド;グリシジルエーテル;フッ化エポキシ樹脂をベースにするものが挙げられる。
Materials)製、Tactix123など)、ビスフェノールFのジグリシジルエーテル(DGEBF)(例えば、ハンツマンアドバンスドマテリアルズ社(Huntsman Advanced Materials)製のPY306)、Epikote(商標)158(モメンティブ社(Momentive)製)が挙げられる。三官能性エポキシ樹脂の例としては、アミノフェノールのトリグリシジルエーテル、例えば、ハンツマンアドバンスドマテリアルズ社(Huntsman Advanced Materials)製、Araldite(登録商標)MY0510、MY0500、MY0600、MY0610が挙げられる。四官能性エポキシ樹脂の例としては、メチレンジアニリンのテトラグリシジルエーテル(例えば、ハンツマンアドバンスドマテリアルズ社(Huntsman Advanced Materials)製、Araldite(登録商標)MY9655)、テトラグリシジルジアミノジフェニルメタン(例えば、ハンツマンアドバンスドマテリアルズ社(Huntsman Advanced Materials)製、Araldite(登録商標)MY721、MY720、MY725、MY9663、MY9634、MY9655)が挙げられる。
好適な脂肪族または脂環式アミン硬化剤は、1つより多いアミン水素官能性を有し、かつ30℃〜100℃の範囲の温度で多官能性エポキシ樹脂を硬化させることができるものである。例となる脂肪族アミンの例としては、限定されないが:トリエチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、トリエチレンテトラミン(TETA)、ジエチルトルエンジアミン(DETDA)、ポリエーテルアミン(例えば、ハンツマン社からJeffamineの商標で市販されている)。例となる脂環式アミンとしては、限定されないが:イソホロンジアミン、メンタンジアミン、1,2−ジアミノシクロヘキサン、1,3−ジアミノシクロヘキサン、1,4−ジアミノシクロヘキサン、1,3−ジ(アミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、4,4’−メチレンジシクロヘキシルアミン、4,4’−ジアミノジシクロヘキシルメタン、3,3’−ジメチル−4,4’ジアミノジシクロヘキシル−メタン、およびこれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。
た。好適なイミダゾール促進剤としては、限定されないがイミダゾール、メチルイミダゾール、エチルメチルイミダゾール、エチルメチルイミダゾールプロプリオニトリル、シアノエチルフェニルビスメチルイミダゾールが挙げられる。
一般に、本開示のエネルギー移動の概念に基づく硬化性樹脂組成物は、1つまたは複数のエポキシ樹脂を、アミンを含む硬化剤組成物、および所望によりイミダゾールと混合することにより調製される。硬化剤組成物の調製は、加熱により芳香族アミンを脂肪族アミン中に溶解し、その後イミダゾールを添加する前に冷却することを含み得る。アミンとの混合前にその粘度を低下させるために、エポキシ樹脂(類)を、必要に応じて予熱してもよい。エポキシアミン混合物の化学量論は、0.1:2、好ましくは1:1のアミン基のエポキシ基に対する当量比に基づく。芳香族アミンの脂肪族アミンに対する重量比は、所望の化学量論の比率を達成するために選択されるアミンに応じて変化し得る。イミダゾールは、樹脂組成物の総重量に基づき、2.0重量%未満の量で存在し得る。
上述の硬化性樹脂組成物は、複合材料および複合材料構造物を形成するための、従来の樹脂注入技術を使用した繊維強化材の含浸(または注入)において好適である。開示される樹脂組成物は、限定されないが、低粘度樹脂系が重要である、二部樹脂トランスファー成形(RTM)において、特に好適である。RTMは、乾燥繊維の予備成形物を含む密閉金型中に、低粘度の樹脂組成物を導入する方法である。繊維予備成形物は、連続繊維の層または織物の形状をとり得る強化繊維から成る。繊維予備成形物を、複合材料の部分の作製に好適な所望の3次元構造に成形し得る。樹脂組成物は、パートA(エポキシ樹脂組成物)およびパートB(硬化剤組成物)を合わせることにより、調製し得る。次いで、配合され、予備混合された樹脂組成物を、低圧力または真空下に維持された鋳型中に注入する。注入温度での低い樹脂粘度は、最適な鋳型の充填および繊維ぬれを得るために、望ましい。鋳型の充填後、それを適切な硬化スケジュールに従って加熱する。次いで得られた成形部分を鋳型から除去し、必要に応じて後硬化させることができる。RTM処理の間の良好な繊維注入および低い空孔率を達成するために、約50〜100℃の注入温度での約1ポアズより低い樹脂粘度が、非常に望ましい。さらに、樹脂系は、鋳型を完全に充填し、繊維予備成形物を注入するために十分な時間、この低粘度を維持しなければならない。RTM処理において、このような時間は、樹脂のポットライフの観点から頻繁に測定され、樹脂のポットライフは、樹脂が5ポアズに達するまでに必要とされる時間として定義することができる。
囲、好ましくは69重量%であり得る。
5つの配合物を、表1に開示される通りに調製し、示差走査熱量測定を使用して分析した。配合物5は、上で論じられるエネルギー移動の概念を包含する。表1において、PY306はビスフェノールFジグリシジルエーテル、CNまたはCuramid CNは2−エチル−4−メチル−1H−イミダゾール−1−プロパンニトリル(硬化促進剤)であり、3,3’DDSは3,3’ジアミノジフェニルスルホン(芳香族アミン)であり、IDAはイソホロンジアミン(脂肪族アミン)である。すべての量はグラムで表される。
12k IMS65一方向繊維から作製され、196gsmの面積重量を有する炭素繊維予備形成物中に、実施例3で得た樹脂を、120℃にて3分間の硬化サイクルを使用し、高圧RTM処理により導入して、体積含有率49%の積層を得た。
Inc.)から入手可能)、および180℃で3時間の硬化サイクルを使用して調製した。50%に規準化された、2つの積層の特徴を、図3に要約する。
Claims (16)
- 樹脂トランスファー成形(RTM)用硬化性エポキシ樹脂組成物であって、
(a)1つより多いエポキシ官能性を有し、その官能性がグリジシルアミン、またはグリシジルエーテル、または両方に基づく、少なくとも1つの多官能性エポキシ樹脂;
(b)以下:
i.分子あたり1つまたは複数のアミノ基を有し、かつ前記少なくとも1つの多官能性エポキシ樹脂を、30℃〜100℃の範囲の硬化開始温度で硬化させることができる、少なくとも1つの脂肪族または脂環式アミン硬化剤であって、前記脂肪族または脂環式アミン硬化剤が:イソホロンジアミン、トリエチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、トリエチレンテトラミン(TETA)、ポリエーテルアミンから成る群から選択される、少なくとも1つの脂肪族または脂環式アミン硬化剤;
ii.分子あたり1つまたは複数のアミノ基を有し、かつ前記少なくとも1つの多官能性エポキシ樹脂を、120℃以上の硬化開始温度で硬化させることができる、少なくとも1つの芳香族アミン硬化剤であって、前記芳香族アミン硬化剤が:3,3’ジアミノジフェニルスルホン、4,4’ジアミノジフェニルスルホン;4,4’−メチレン−ビス−(3−クロロ−2,6−ジエチルアニリン)(MCDEA)、4,4’−メチレン−ビス−(2,6−ジエチルアニリン)(MDEA)、2,6−ジエチルアニリン(DEA)、ジアニリンから成る群から選択される、少なくとも1つの芳香族アミン硬化剤;
を含む硬化剤組成物;
および
(c)場合により、硬化促進剤としてのイミダゾール
を含み、
ここで、100部の多官能性エポキシ樹脂(a)あたりの、硬化剤組成物(b)の量は10〜90部であり、および、存在する場合のイミダゾール(c)の量は10部以下であり、そして
前記エポキシ樹脂組成物が、芳香族アミン硬化剤の硬化開始温度より低い温度で5分未満の時間で、95%以上の硬化度を達成して硬化可能である、
硬化性エポキシ樹脂組成物。 - 前記硬化剤組成物が、100部の成分(a)あたり10部以下のイミダゾールを含む、請求項1に記載の硬化性エポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 前記硬化剤組成物がイソホロンジアミン、および、3,3’−ジアミノジフェニルスルホンもしくは4,4’−ジアミノジフェニルスルホンのいずれかを含む、請求項1に記載の硬化性エポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1つの多官能性エポキシ樹脂が、二官能性エポキシ樹脂および三官能性または四官能性エポキシ樹脂の組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の硬化性エポキシ樹脂組成物。
- アミン基のエポキシ基に対する当量比が1:1である、請求項1に記載の硬化性エポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 前記多官能性エポキシ樹脂がグリジシルアミンおよびグリシジルエーテル官能基の両方を含む、請求項1に記載の硬化性エポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 脂肪族または脂環式アミン硬化剤がイソホロンジアミンである、請求項1に記載の硬化性エポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 複合材料構造物の作製方法において、
i.1つより多いエポキシ官能性を有する、少なくとも1つの多官能性エポキシ樹脂;
ii.前記多官能性エポキシ樹脂を、30℃〜100℃の範囲の温度で硬化させることができる脂肪族または脂環式アミン硬化剤であって、前記脂肪族または脂環式アミン硬化剤が:イソホロンジアミン、トリエチルアミン,ジエチルアミン,トリエチレンテトラミン(TETA)、ポリエーテルアミンから成る群から選択される、脂肪族または脂環式アミン硬化剤;
iii.前記多官能性エポキシ樹脂を、120℃以上の硬化開始温度で硬化させることができる芳香族アミン硬化剤であって、前記芳香族アミン硬化剤が:3,3’ジアミノジフェニルスルホン、4,4’ジアミノジフェニルスルホン;4,4’−メチレン−ビス−(3−クロロ−2,6−ジエチルアニリン)(MCDEA)、4,4’−メチレン−ビス−(2,6−ジエチルアニリン)(MDEA)、2,6−ジエチルアニリン(DEA)、ジアニリンから成る群から選択される、芳香族アミン硬化剤;および
iv.場合により、硬化促進剤としてイミダゾール;
を含み、樹脂トランスファー成形(RTM)に適する粘度を有する硬化性樹脂組成物を調製すること;
前記硬化性樹脂組成物を、樹脂トランスファー成形(RTM)工程によって強化繊維からなる繊維予備成形物に注入すること;ならびに
前記注入された繊維予備成形物を、芳香族アミン硬化剤の硬化開始温度より低い温度で5分以下硬化させて、95%以上の硬化度である硬化複合材料構造物を得ること;
を含む、複合材料構造物の作製方法。 - 前記硬化剤組成物がイソホロンジアミン、および、3,3’−ジアミノジフェニルスルホンもしくは4,4’−ジアミノジフェニルスルホンのいずれかを含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 硬化複合材料構造が、示差走査熱量測定(DSC)による測定で110℃〜150℃のガラス転移温度(Tg)を有する硬化樹脂マトリックスを有する、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記繊維予備成形物が複数の乾燥繊維の層を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記繊維予備成形物が:炭素、グラファイト、芳香族ポリアミド、ポリ(ベンゾチアゾール)およびポリ(ベンゾイミダゾール)、ポリ(ベンゾオキサゾール)(PBO)、アルミナ、チタニア、水晶、ガラス、アラミド、ポリエチレン、ポリエステル、炭化ケイ素、およびこれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される材料で作製された乾燥繊維を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの多官能性エポキシ樹脂が、二官能性エポキシ樹脂および三官能性または四官能性エポキシ樹脂の組み合わせを含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 脂肪族または脂環式アミン硬化剤がイソホロンジアミンである、請求項13に記載の方法。
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EP2782946A1 (en) | 2014-10-01 |
AU2013226337A1 (en) | 2014-05-15 |
KR20190012267A (ko) | 2019-02-08 |
KR20140138110A (ko) | 2014-12-03 |
US9249282B2 (en) | 2016-02-02 |
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US9039951B2 (en) | 2015-05-26 |
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WO2013130378A1 (en) | 2013-09-06 |
BR112014010528B1 (pt) | 2020-11-10 |
GB201203341D0 (en) | 2012-04-11 |
CN103946264A (zh) | 2014-07-23 |
TWI557150B (zh) | 2016-11-11 |
CA2865512A1 (en) | 2013-09-06 |
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