JP6107667B2 - 非接触給電システム - Google Patents
非接触給電システム Download PDFInfo
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- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
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Description
漏れ磁束とは、給電コイル及び受電コイルの端部から、直接的もしくは間接的に、自己もしくは他のコイル端部へ到達しない磁束をいう。
非接触給電空間とは、給電コイル及び受電コイルの端部から放射されている磁束が電磁場を形成している空間をいう。
カバーとは、ガスや流体が透過しない材質で構成された覆うもの、包むもの、蓋や傘などを含み、又はこれらと均等のものを含む。
本実施形態に係る非接触給電システムAは、図1に示すように、地面に埋設された地上給電装置Sと、地上給電装置Sから給電を受ける移動車両Mとを備えている。非接触給電システムAは、非接触給電方式の1つである磁界共鳴方式に基づいて、地上給電装置Sから移動車両Mに電力を非接触給電する。
整流回路2は、その入力端が電源1に接続され、その出力端が給電回路3に接続されている。整流回路2は、電源1から供給される交流電力を整流して直流電力に変換し、前記直流電力を給電回路3に出力する。
最初に、非給電時における移動車両M及び地上給電装置Sの動作について説明する。移動車両Mの受電用制御部17は、非給電時(例えばユーザによる移動車両Mの通常運転時)に、受電用カバー15が膨らんでいる場合に、移動車両Mの走行の妨げとなる。これに対して、受電用カバー15が完全に収縮するように、受電用ガス給排気機構16に受電用カバー15内のガスを排気させる。また、受電用制御部17は、充電回路13を停止させる。一方、地上給電装置Sの給電用制御部7は、非給電時(つまり、給電対象である移動車両Mが駐停車位置に停車していない時)に、給電回路3を停止する。それと同時に、給電用制御部7は、給電用カバー5が完全に収縮するように、給電用ガス給排気機構6に給電用カバー5内のガスを排気させる。
圧力センサ(図不示)にて、受電用カバー15の内部圧力を監視し、所定圧力で当接していることで受電用制御部17は、充電回路13に充電動作を開始させる。
圧力センサ(図不示)にて、受電用カバー15の内部圧力を監視し、所定圧力で当接していることで受電用制御部17は、充電回路13に充電動作を開始させることもできる。
また、当接状態を確認して、ガス供給量とカバーの内部圧力を計測することにより給電コイルと受電コイル間の距離や相対位置を確認して給電する高周波電力の周波数を調節することもできる。
なお、ガス供給量と各カバーの内部ガスの圧力により、カバーの当接状態を確認し、給電可能であるか否かを確認する。
一方、給電コイル4と受電コイル11の端面から放射される磁束(漏れ磁束)に関して、磁束遮蔽部5b及び磁束遮蔽部15bによって、上記磁束の給電用カバー5及び受電用カバー15外への漏洩が遮蔽される。
なお、ガス供給量と各カバーの内部ガスの圧力により、カバーの当接状態を確認し、カバー膨張時に異物があると当接状態が異物により異常な状態となり、給電可能でないことが確認できる。
(1)上記実施形態では、地上給電装置Sに給電用カバー5を設けると共に移動車両Mに受電用カバー15を設けたが、本発明はこれに限定されない。例えば、地上給電装置Sと移動車両Mとのいずれか一方に給電用カバー5あるいは受電用カバー15を設け、この1つのカバーによって給電コイル4及び受電コイル11を覆ってもよい。図3は、例えば、移動車両Mのみに受電用カバー15を設けた場合を例示している。つまり、受電用カバー15は、受電コイル11を内包すると共に、膨張することによって給電コイル4をも覆う。この場合、受電用カバー15の磁束透過部15aは、図3に示すように、給電コイル4の磁束端面に接する。磁束端面が水平方向であっても覆うことで磁気結合が保たれる。
また、カバー内に供給する流体として、ガス体以外に液体でもよい。特に磁界共鳴方式の場合、液体の種類にはコイルやカバーを傷めない性質のものであればイオン性のある塩水でもよく、蒸留水やアルコール等でもよい。特にガスと液体の比重が異なるので、ガスとの併用をすることで給電装置や受電装置のバランスを調節することができる。
(6)上記実施形態では、給電時のみに給電用カバー5及び受電用カバー15を膨張させ、非給電時には給電用カバー5及び受電用カバー15を収縮させている。本発明はこれに限定されない。移動車両Mの走行の邪魔にならなければ、非給電時に、給電用カバー5及び受電用カバー15を膨張させてもよい。この場合、給電用ガス給排気機構6及び受電用ガス給排気機構16は省略可能である。
(7)上記実施形態では、給電用カバー5及び受電用カバー15が膨張した場合に角部を有した略球状や略半球状として説明したが、膨張した場合の形状はこれらに限定されない。この場合、円錐台や直方体となるように膜状弾性体で構成されるカバーの一部を弾性を有さない部材もしくは弾性の低い部材をと弾性を有する部材を組み合わせることで構成される。
Claims (7)
- 給電コイルを有する給電装置と、受電コイルを有する受電装置とを具備し、前記給電コイルから前記受電コイルに非接触給電によって電力供給を行う非接触給電システムであって、
前記給電装置及び前記受電装置の双方それぞれに設けられるカバーを有し、
前記カバーは、前記給電コイルの周面及び前記受電コイルの周面を含む周囲とコイル間の周囲とを覆うことによって漏れ磁束を遮蔽する磁束遮蔽部を含み、
前記磁束遮蔽部は、伸縮自在である非接触給電システム。 - 前記カバーは、密閉されており、
給電時には、前記カバーにガスを供給することにより前記カバーを膨張させて前記給電コイル及び前記受電コイルの周囲とコイル間の周囲とを覆って前記カバー外と遮蔽状態にし、また非給電時には、前記カバー内のガスを排気することにより前記カバーを収縮させて前記遮蔽状態を解除するガス給排気機構をさらに具備する請求項1に記載の非接触給電システム。 - 前記カバーには、前記給電コイルと前記受電コイルとの間に位置する部位に他の部位よりも透磁率の高い材料が配置されている請求項1に記載の非接触給電システム。
- 前記受電装置は、受電した電力をバッテリに充電し、前記バッテリの電力によって駆動する移動車両である請求項1に記載の非接触給電システム。
- 前記カバーは、
前記給電コイルを内包する状態で前記給電装置側に設置された袋状であり、膨張した状態において前記受電コイル側の部位が磁束透過部かつ当該磁束透過部以外の部位が磁束遮蔽部として形成された給電用カバーと、
前記受電コイルを内包する状態で前記受電装置側に設置された袋状であり、膨張した状態において前記給電コイル側の部位が磁束透過部かつ当該磁束透過部以外の部位が磁束遮蔽部として形成された受電用カバーと
を含む請求項1に記載の非接触給電システム。 - 前記磁束遮蔽部は、アルミニウム又は銅を含んで形成される請求項1に記載の非接触給電システム。
- 給電コイルを有する給電装置及び受電コイルを有する受電装置の双方それぞれに設けられ、
前記給電コイルの周面及び前記受電コイルの周面を含む周囲とコイル間の周囲とを覆うことによって漏れ磁束を遮蔽する磁束遮蔽部を含み、
前記磁束遮蔽部は、伸縮自在であるカバー。
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