JP6084266B2 - 化学結合性セラミック放射線遮蔽材料および製造方法 - Google Patents
化学結合性セラミック放射線遮蔽材料および製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6084266B2 JP6084266B2 JP2015198391A JP2015198391A JP6084266B2 JP 6084266 B2 JP6084266 B2 JP 6084266B2 JP 2015198391 A JP2015198391 A JP 2015198391A JP 2015198391 A JP2015198391 A JP 2015198391A JP 6084266 B2 JP6084266 B2 JP 6084266B2
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Description
本発明は、化学結合性酸化物−リン酸塩セラミックの分野、より具体的には独特の放射線遮蔽特性を有する化学結合性酸化物−リン酸塩セラミックに関する。
電磁波遮蔽およびマイクロ波遮蔽を含む放射線の格納、封止および遮蔽は、技術的に進歩した社会において、さらにその重要性を増している。原子力発電は化石燃料によるエネルギー源に対する代替手段となるものであるが、その廃棄物を格納する費用は増加するばかりであり、そのため、エネルギーを作り出す経済的な実現可能性全体が低下している。また、他の低レベル放射性物質(例えば、医療廃棄物、産業廃棄物、劣化ウラン兵器の廃棄物など)についても、その保管、遮蔽、および格納が問題となっている。さらに、電子デバイスの普及により、効果的な電磁遮蔽を提供する必要性が増加している。電子デバイス(例えば、携帯電話、電子レンジなど)は、デバイスから使用者に放射されるエネルギーを遮断する電磁エネルギー遮蔽を必要とする場合がある。
したがって、本明細書中で開示され記載されたセラミック材料および方法の実施形態は、放射性物質、電磁エネルギー、およびマイクロ波エネルギーの格納、封止、および遮蔽のための独特な放射線遮蔽品質および特性を有する「低温焼成」化学結合性酸化物−リン酸塩のセラミックセメントまたはセラミックコンクリート複合材料を提供する。さらに、開示された実施形態は、既存の汚染されたポルトランドセメント、ならびに有害な放射性廃棄物物質および他の有害廃棄物質によって汚染されている、または汚染され得る他のセメント性およびエポキシ性の建築材料および建設材料の被覆を包含するセラミックセメントまたはセラミックコンクリート建築材料および建設用途のための独特な放射線遮蔽品質を含む。
例えば、本発明は、以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
化学結合性酸化物−リン酸塩をベースとするセラミックマトリクスと、放射線遮蔽材料とを含む組成物であって、該放射線遮蔽材料が該化学結合性酸化物−リン酸塩をベースとするセラミックセメントマトリクス中に分散され、該放射線遮蔽材料が、バライト、酸化バリウム、硫酸バリウム、酸化セリウム、酸化タングステン、酸化ガドリニウム、劣化ウラン酸化物、焼きなました40%〜75%の有鉛ガラスの粉末および繊維、ゼオライト、クリノプチロライト、ならびにセレスタイトからなる群から選択される、組成物。
(項目2)
前記ゼオライトが、重量パーセンテージで52.4%のSiO2、13.13%のAl2O3、8.94%のFe2O3、6.81%のCaO、2.64%のNa2O、4.26%のMgO、および10%のMnOを含む、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目3)
バライトが、重量でおよそ89%〜99%の範囲のBaSO4および1%〜5.8%の範囲のケイ酸塩であり、項目2に記載の組成物中に存在するゼオライトの重量パーセンテージが0.2%〜50%の範囲である、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目4)
前記リン酸塩をベースとするセラミックマトリクスが、KH2PO4(リン酸二水素カリウム)、MgHPO4(水素リン酸塩)、Fe3(HPO4)2(リン酸鉄(II))、Fe3(HPO4)2・8H2O(リン酸鉄(II)八水和物)、FeHPO4(リン酸鉄(III))、FeHPO4・2H2O(リン酸鉄(III)二水和物)、AlPO4(リン酸アルミニウム)、AlPO4・1.5H2O(リン酸アルミニウム水和物)、CaHPO4(リン酸水素カルシウム)、CaHPO4・2H2O(リン酸水素カルシウム二水和物)、BiPO4(リン酸ビスマス)、CePO4(リン酸セリウム(III))、CePO4・2H2O(リン酸セリウム(III)二水和物)、GdPO4・1H2O(リン酸ガドリニウム)、BaHPO4(リン酸水素バリウム)、およびUPO4(劣化ウラン(U−238)リン酸塩)からなる群から選択される、項目1に記載の組成物。(項目5)
前記酸化物−リン酸塩をベースとするセラミックマトリクスが、MgHPO4・3H2O(リン酸水素マグネシウム三水和物)である、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目6)
前記放射線遮蔽材料が、前記酸化物−リン酸塩セラミック中に分散された少なくとも1つ以上の凝集物または粉末として形成される、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目7)
前記酸化物−リン酸塩セラミックマトリクスが、少なくとも2つの異なる金属リン酸塩を含む、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目8)
前記少なくとも2つの異なる金属リン酸塩が、リン酸水素マグネシウム、リン酸鉄(III)、リン酸アルミニウム、リン酸水素カルシウム、リン酸ビスマス、リン酸セリウム(III)、リン酸ガドリニウム、およびリン酸水素バリウムからなる群から選択される、項目7に記載の組成物。
(項目9)
前記酸化物−リン酸塩をベースとするセラミックマトリクスが、式:
MHPO4・xH2O
であり、式中、Mが、Mg(マグネシウム)、Ca(カルシウム)、Fe(鉄(II))、およびBa(バリウム)からなる群から選択される二価カチオンであり、
xが、0、2、3、または8のうちの少なくとも1つである、
項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目10)
前記酸化物−リン酸塩をベースとするセラミックマトリクスが、式:
MPO4・xH2O
であり、式中、Mが、Al(アルミニウム)、Ce(セリウム(III))、U238(劣化ウラン)、およびFe(鉄(III))からなる群から選択される三価カチオンであり、
xが0、1.5、または2のうちの少なくとも1つである、
項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目11)
前記酸化物−リン酸塩をベースとするセラミックマトリクスが、式:
MM’PO4・xH2O
であり、式中、Mが、Ba(バリウム)、およびMg(マグネシウム)からなる群から選択される二価カチオンであり、M’が、Li(リチウム)、Na(ナトリウム)、およびK(カリウム)からなる群から選択される一価カチオンであり、xが、0、2、3、または6のうちの少なくとも1つである、
項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目12)
多層構造を形成するために少なくとも2つの放射線遮蔽材料を含む、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目13)
カチオン成分を有し放射線遮蔽能力を示す化学結合性酸化物−リン酸塩をベースとするセラミックマトリクスと;粉末、凝集物および繊維からなる群から選択される放射線遮蔽材料とを含み、該放射線遮蔽材料が該化学結合性酸化物−リン酸塩をベースとするセラミックマトリクス中に分散されている、放射線遮蔽組成物。
(項目14)
前記化学結合性酸化物−リン酸塩をベースとするセラミックが、100℃未満で硬化する、項目13に記載の放射線遮蔽組成物。
(項目15)
前記カチオンが、アルミニウム、バリウム、ビスマス、セリウム、タングステン、ガドリニウム、および劣化ウランからなる群から選択される、項目13に記載の放射線遮蔽組成物。
(項目16)
前記放射線遮蔽材料が、バライト、硫酸バリウム、ビスマス金属、酸化セリウム、酸化ガドリニウム、酸化タングステン、およびゼオライトからなる群から選択される、項目13に記載の放射線遮蔽組成物。
(項目17)
カチオン成分を有し、放射線遮蔽能力を示す化学結合性酸化物−リン酸塩をベースとするセラミックマトリクスと、該化学結合性酸化物−リン酸塩をベースとするセラミックマトリクス中に分散されている放射線遮蔽材料から実質的に構成される組成物であって、該カチオン成分が、アルミニウム、バリウム、ビスマス、セリウム、ガドリニウム、タングステン、および劣化ウランからなる群から選択される、組成物。
(項目18)
前記放射線遮蔽材料が、バライト、硫酸バリウム、ビスマス金属酸化物およびその化合物、セリウム酸化物およびその化合物、ゼオライト、クリノプチロライト、斜長石、輝石、橄欖石、セレスタイト、酸化ガドリニウムおよびその化合物、酸化タングステンおよびその化合物、40%〜75%の鉛(Pb)含有量の粉末状および/または繊維状の焼きなまされた有鉛ガラスからなる群から選択される、項目17に記載の組成物。
(項目19)
放射線遮蔽部材を周囲温度で構築する方法であって、放射線遮蔽能力を有する金属酸化物をリン酸塩含有材料と混合する工程と;放射線遮蔽材料を該金属酸化物およびリン酸塩含有材料混合物中に組み込む工程と;該組み込まれた放射線遮蔽材料および金属酸化物およびリン酸塩含有材料混合物を周囲温度で硬化させる工程とを含む、方法。
(項目20)
硬化が100℃未満で生じる、項目19に記載の温度条件で放射線遮蔽部材を構築する方法。
(項目21)
前記リン酸塩含有材料がリン酸である、項目19に記載の周囲温度で放射線遮蔽部材を構築する方法。
参照により、本発明の好適な実施形態について詳細に述べる。本発明は、周囲条件において放射線遮蔽部材を形成するための組成物および方法に関する。本発明の組成物が、X線放射、電磁スペクトル、およびマイクロ波スペクトル、ならびに電子ビーム溶接からのエネルギー(制動放射線または二次放射線)などの種々の形態の放射線の遮蔽および減衰のために利用されることを意図していることは、当業者により理解されるであろう。
Claims (19)
- 放射線遮蔽組成物であって、
(1)化学結合性セラミックマトリクスであって、
(a)MgHPO4・3H2O(リン酸水素マグネシウム三水和物);
(b)CaSiO3(ケイ酸カルシウム)
を含む化学結合性セラミックマトリクス;および
(2)該化学結合性セラミックマトリクス中に分散された放射線遮蔽材料
を含む、放射線遮蔽組成物。 - 前記ケイ酸カルシウムが、珪灰石である、請求項1に記載の放射線遮蔽組成物。
- 前記MgHPO4・3H2O(リン酸水素マグネシウム三水和物)が、MgO(酸化マグネシウム)およびKH2PO4(一カリウムリン酸塩)から形成される、請求項1に記載の放射線遮蔽組成物。
- 前記MgO(酸化マグネシウム)が、死焼酸化マグネシウムである、請求項3に記載の放射線遮蔽組成物。
- 前記化学結合性セラミックマトリクス中に分散された凝集体、粉末、または繊維をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の放射線遮蔽組成物。
- 前記放射線遮蔽材料が、タングステンもしくはタングステン含有化合物、ビスマスもしくはビスマス含有化合物、ホウ素もしくはホウ素含有化合物、およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載の放射線遮蔽組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の放射線遮蔽組成物を含む、放射線遮蔽部材。
- 前記放射線遮蔽部材が、放射線遮蔽壁として使用するために構成されている、請求項7に記載の放射線遮蔽部材。
- 前記放射線遮蔽部材が、単一層構造である、請求項7に記載の放射線遮蔽部材。
- 前記放射線遮蔽部材が、2つの層を含み、該2つの層のそれぞれが、異なる放射線遮蔽特性を有する、請求項7に記載の放射線遮蔽部材。
- 前記2つの層が、異なる放射線遮蔽材料を有する、請求項10に記載の放射線遮蔽部材。
- 放射線遮蔽組成物を作製する方法であって、
(1)以下:
(a)MgO(酸化マグネシウム)
(b)KH2PO4(一カリウムリン酸塩)
(c)CaSiO3(ケイ酸カルシウム);および
(d)放射線遮蔽材料
を含む混合物を形成する工程;ならびに
(2)該混合物を低温焼成して、該放射線遮蔽材料が中に分散されたMgHPO4・3H2O(リン酸水素マグネシウム三水和物)およびCaSiO3(ケイ酸カルシウム)の化学結合性セラミックマトリクスを提供する工程、
を包含する、方法。 - 前記ケイ酸カルシウムが、珪灰石である、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記混合物に凝集体、粉末、または繊維を添加する工程をさらに包含する、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記低温焼成を介して放射線遮蔽部材を形成する工程をさらに包含する、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 低温焼成が、外部加熱無しに前記混合物を化学的に反応させる工程を包含する、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 低温焼成が、前記混合物を100℃以下の温度に加熱する工程を包含する、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記MgO(酸化マグネシウム)が、死焼酸化マグネシウムである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記放射線遮蔽材料が、タングステンもしくはタングステン含有化合物、ビスマスもしくはビスマス含有化合物、ホウ素もしくはホウ素含有化合物、およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される、請求項12に記載の方法。
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