JP6068979B2 - 有機ポリマー粒子、紙コーティング組成物、および方法 - Google Patents
有機ポリマー粒子、紙コーティング組成物、および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6068979B2 JP6068979B2 JP2012505877A JP2012505877A JP6068979B2 JP 6068979 B2 JP6068979 B2 JP 6068979B2 JP 2012505877 A JP2012505877 A JP 2012505877A JP 2012505877 A JP2012505877 A JP 2012505877A JP 6068979 B2 JP6068979 B2 JP 6068979B2
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Description
本出願は、米国仮出願番号61/212,638(代理人整理番号67020、2009年4月14日出願)および米国仮出願番号61/214,093(代理人整理番号67020(US−0206.03)、2009年4月20日出願)の両者に関連する出願であり、これらに対して優先権を主張する。これらの開示は本明細書中に参考として援用される。
本明細書の開示は有機ポリマー粒子、該有機ポリマー粒子を含む紙コーティング組成物、該紙コーティング組成物を使用して形成されたコート紙および/または板紙、有機ポリマー粒子を形成する方法、該紙コーティング組成物を使用してコート紙および/または板紙を製造する方法に関する。
印刷されたテキストおよび/または紙上のイメージの外観は、紙の上のコーティングの存在により影響を受けることができる。コーティングはクレー、顔料、およびバインダーの混合物を含むことができる。インクがコーティングしていない紙に適用されるとき、それは紙によって吸収される。インクがコーティングの上に配置された時には、コーティングされた紙の上に保持される。この特性により、コート紙上に印刷されたインクは、くっきりしたエッジを保有できる。その結果、コート紙は、一般に、より鋭くて、より明るいイメージを形成して、コーティングしていない紙より良い反射性を有している。
本明細書に議論するように、有機ポリマー粒子の実施態様は水素結合形成のためのユニットを有する有機親水性ポリマーと、少なくとも部分的に有機親水性ポリマーを取り囲む有機ポリマーの中空ポーラス構造体(hollow porous structure)を含み;該中空ポーラス構造体が理論的な総外表面積の1パーセント以上のポア表面積を持ち、そして、該有機親水性ポリマーと該中空ポーラス構造体が、40パーセントから85パーセントの範囲内の空隙率(void volume fraction)を該有機ポリマー粒子に与える。
本明細書において使用される時、「紙」は野菜および/または木材繊維、たとえばセルロースなどのような、ヘミセルロース、リグニンおよび/または合成繊維を少なくとも一部含むことができるファイバーの融合体に基づく基紙をいう。理解されるように、紙の基紙組成物に他の成分を含むことができる。さらに、「紙」という用語は紙および/または板紙を含む様に意味される。本明細書において使用される時、紙および/または板紙はそれらの厚さ、強度および/または重量において異なることができるが、コート紙および/または板紙を形成するために本明細書に提供された紙コーティング組成物および方法の実施態様によって両方が変成されることが意図される。改良された読み易さのために、「紙および/または板紙」という句は「紙」という用語に置き換えられる。用語の使用されている文脈から明確にそうではないことが明らかでない限り、用語「紙」は「紙および/または板紙」の両者を包含する。
したがって、例えば、バインダーを含む反応混合物は、バインダーが「1種以上の」バインダーを含んでいることを意味すると解釈できる。
実施例
ボリュームメディアン直径
有機ポリマー粒子のボリュームメディアン直径は流体力学クロマトグラフィーで測定される。流体力学クロマトグラフィーを使用することでボリュームメディアン直径を決定する方法は、「一体化された高速コンピューターによる流体力学的なクロマトグラフの発達と用途”Development and application of an integrated, high-speed, computerized hydrodynamic chromatograph"」、Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 89, Issue I. September 1982, Pgs.94-106, Gerald R. McGowan and Martin A. Langhorstに提示される。この文献は全体が参照のため援用される。
紙の光沢は、75°(度)の入射角でTechnidyne GlossmeterモデルT480Aを使用して測定される。光沢はコート紙のサンプルの複数点で測定される。それぞれのコート紙のサンプルを横切る直線上の5カ所(すなわち、左端、中心の左側、中心、中心の右側、右端)を決め、2回測定した。報告された光沢値は、10回の読みの平均である。
コート重量は、10分間、コート紙のサンプルを熱オーブンで130−140℃で乾燥した後に、コート紙のサンプルの質量からコーティングしていない紙のサンプルの質量を引き算することによって測定した。標本のサンプルは、基紙とそれぞれのコーティングについて100cm2で12枚、切断型で切られた。報告されたコート重量値は、12個のサンプルの平均である。
平滑性
空隙率は、以下の手順を用いて測定される。50mlのポリプロピレン遠心分離機チューブ(半球の下部を有する)に、有機ポリマー粒子を含む40グラムのラテックスが加えられた。チューブは、遠心分離機に置かれて、180分間1万9500rpmで回転される。上澄みはデカントされ、秤量される。ラテックス質量、個体パーセント、および上澄み質量から、空隙率(fvoid)は、以下の方程式を使用することで決定される:
fvoid=((VT−SH2O)*(FR−VP))/((VT−SH2O)*FR)
ここで:
VPはポリマー容積(ポリマー質量/ポリマー密度)である。コポリマーの密度は、それぞれのモノマーのホモポリマーの密度の文献値を使用して、コポリマーの密度がコポリマーの組成物の一次関数であると仮定して計算された。Peter A. Lovell and Mohamed S.El-Aasser,「エマルション重合とエマルションポリマー」"Emulsion Polymerization and Emulsion Polymers";p. 624, John Wiley and Sons:New York (1997)を参照。これは、本明細書中に参考として援用される。
VT=チューブ内の合計容積(ラテックスの質量/ラテックスの密度)
SH2O=上澄みの容積=上澄みの重量
FR=本質的に単分散球のランダム充填では0.64である充填効率
充填効率は固いパック内の固体の容積分率に対応する修正である。
ポア表面積は、有機ポリマー粒子のSEM画像を使用して決定する。ポア表面積を決定するために、データからのいくつかの推論が使用されている。最初に、信頼性良く示され測定できるポア面積は有機ポリマー粒子の中空ポーラス構造体の表面にのみ存在し、これはイメージで見られる投射直径のミドルサード(middle third)に過ぎない。これは有機ポリマー粒子の側面に向くポアは、角度があり、ポアの投射断面積は新のポアの断面積よりも小さい。2番目に、走査型電子顕微鏡は球のまっすぐな下方向への投射であり、測定される有機ポリマー粒子の中空ポーラス構造体の「面積」は係数2だけ小さくなる。ポアの最も大きい10パーセントの加重平均がポア径として使用される。
S=2πrh、
ここでSはキャップの表面積である。rは球体の有機ポリマー粒子の半径である。hは交差平面上のキャップの高さである。
以下の材料が塗料に使用される:
コート紙のための基紙は58lb/3300ft2の、着色されたサイズ剤(Appleton PapersからのUtopia)で予備被覆された、木材を含まない、クラフト繊維シートである。塗料配合は以下の通りである:55重量部の炭酸水素カルシウム(オムヤからのHydrocarb60)と、45部の表2に記載された粒子により、合計で100部の粒子を与えた。すべての塗料配合物が10重量部のカルボキシル化 SBラテックス接着剤CP 615MA、および合成増粘剤(AKZO NOBELからのAlcogum L−229)の1部を含んでいた。コーティング配合および物理的性質を以下の表2に示す。
ダウ実験室用コーターを使用して、塗料配合物を基紙に適用する。15フィート/分の被覆速度でブレード−メータリング(blade-metering)法を利用して、ウェブ形状の基紙をコーティングする。メータリングブレードとペーパー・ウェブの間に形成されたギャップにコーティングをシリンジで適用する。ウェブ速度とメータリングブレードに加えられるチューブ圧の組み合わせにより、目標コーティング量(グラム/m2)を達成する。いったん適用されると、2つの赤外線乾燥ゾーンと250℃で操作される2つの熱気浮揚乾燥帯で、コーティングを乾燥する。速度と乾燥温度の組み合わせでコート紙の最終的な湿り気を変えることができる。
実験室用カレンダリング処理の前に、コート紙を所定のシートサイズ(8.5 × 11インチ)に切断する。カレンダー加工はBeloit Wheeler Model753研究所用カレンダーで実行される。150°Fの鉄鋼ロール温度、3ニップ、およびリニアインチ当たり200、400,および60ポンド(pli)の圧力で全ての実験が行われた。
コート紙に関するウイックおよびブリード
ウイック(wick)とブリードテストは、コート紙のための吸水率の良い定量的な尺度を提供する。実施例1において、コート紙のサンプルの上の印字行における染料ベースのインクのウイックとブリードの特性が評価された。染料ベースのインクは、HP78トリカラーインクジェット(Tri-ColorInkJet)プリント・カートリッジとHP45の黒色インクジェットプリント・カートリッジである。HPデスクジェット932Cは、印字行をコート紙に作成するために使用された。
この実施例では、実施例3に記載されるような、有機ポリマー粒子4を含む塗料配合物を有するコート紙が、Staples(登録商標)で購入されたさまざまな写真用高級紙に、HPプリンタで印刷され比較される。テストされた写真用高級紙としては、エプソン(Epson(登録商標)) カラーライフ 半−光沢(ColorLife Semi-Gloss)、Staples(登録商標) フォトスーパーつや消し仕上げ(Photo Supreme Matte-finish)、エプソン(Epson)、つや消し重量写真紙( Matte Heavyweight photo paper)、およびHP プレミアム プラス(Premium Plus)が含まれる。実施例3に記載されるような有機ポリマー粒子4を含む塗料配合物を有するコート紙を、実施例1で記載されていた手順で調製した。また、実施例1のように、色留め剤溶液が0.5重量%で適用された。
材料
H P78トリカラーインクジェットプリント・カートリッジを備えたヒュレットパッカード デクスジェット(Hewlett Packard Deskjet) 932C プリンタ、およびHP45の黒色インクジェットプリント・カートリッジ
この実施例では、上記の方法により、本発明の有機ポリマー粒子4とHS3200のポア表面積を決定する。
Claims (6)
- 以下を含む、有機ポリマー粒子を形成する方法;
酸基、潜在性酸基、またはそれらの組み合わせを含むモノマーを重合することにより有機親水性ポリマーのコアを形成すること、ここで潜在性酸基を含むモノマーは必ず含まれる;
スチレンモノマーと潜在性酸基を含むモノマーを重合することにより有機ポリマーを含むシェルを形成し、該コアを取り囲むこと、ここで該シェルは当初の大きさを有する;
該コアを膨張させ、該シェルを当初のシェルのサイズより大きなサイズに膨張させること;および
該潜在性酸基を加水分解し、40パーセントから85パーセントの空隙率、および理論上の総外側表面積の1パーセント以上のポア表面積を有する中空ポーラス構造体を得ること。 - 該シェルの有機ポリマーを形成する際に使用される潜在性酸基の量を調整することによって、該中空ポーラス構造体におけるポアのサイズを調整することを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 該コアの有機親水性ポリマーを架橋することを含む、請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 該シェルを形成することが、シェルを形成するモノマーの合計重量に基づいてアクリレートモノマーの5から10重量部と、スチレンモノマーの95から90重量部からシェルを形成することを含む、請求項1から3のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 該潜在性酸基がエステル基である、請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 加水分解が加圧下で140℃まで加熱することにより行われる、請求項5記載の方法。
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