JP5953313B2 - 電気化学的分離モジュール - Google Patents
電気化学的分離モジュール Download PDFInfo
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- C02F1/4693—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis
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- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
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- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
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Description
本願は、米国仮特許出願第61/413,021号(「クロスフロー型電気化学脱イオン化装置およびその作製方法」、2010年11月12日出願)および米国仮特許出願第61/510,157号(「モジュール式クロスフロー型電気透析装置およびその作製方法」、2011年7月21日出願)について、米国特許法第119条(e)の下での優先権を主張するものであり、それぞれの全開示内容は本明細書中に参照により引用される。
(qd)in=流入口での希釈室当たりの流量
(qd)out=流出口での希釈室当たりの流量
Cin=濃縮水流入口での濃度
Cout=希釈水流出口での濃度
z=原子価=NaClについて1
F=ファラデー定数
I=電流
zi=各イオンの原子価
2つのモジュール式ユニットをクロスフロー型構成を用いて構築した。いずれのモジュール式ユニットも50個のセル対を1つの小路に含んでいた。対照のモジュール式ユニットはフレームを有さず、図27および28に示すように単に環状の容器内に挿入した。第2のモジュール式ユニットは、図29および30に示されるように、スロットを含むフレームを有して構築された。両方のモジュール式ユニットの膜当たりの有効面積は0.024m2であった。フロー経路の長さは17.1cmである。膜間距離は0.038cmである。いずれのモジュール式ユニットもNaClを含む供給水について動作させた。電位は両方のモジュール式ユニットを印加し、電流効率を決定した。
3パス型フロー構成の145個のセル対を有するプロトタイプのモジュール式ユニットを組み立てた。セル対は3つのフレームを有し、各フレームは、50個のセル対、50個のセル対および45個のセル対をそれぞれ有している。供給水として56mS/cmのNaCl溶液を用いた試験において、平均プロセス効率は、2.0〜4.3cm/sの範囲の流速で65%であった。
支持フレームにインサートを有するモジュール式ユニット(ベータ2.5)を、支持フレームにインサートを有しないモジュール式ユニット(ベータ2)と比較して動作させた。データは図4に示されており、インサートに関連してより高い圧力低下を示した。
中心にマニホルドを有するインサートを有するモジュール式ユニットを、モデル化し、数値流体力学(CFD)ソフトウェアを用いてオフセットマニホルドを有するインサートを有するモジュール式ユニットと比較してシミュレートした。結果は、オフセットマニホルドが中心マニホルドよりも側面において低い流速のフローのより広い領域に関連したことが示された。スケーリングは低速の領域において形成されやすく、したがって、中心マニホルドはよりよいフロー分配を提供しうる。中心マニホルドはまた、オフセットマニホルドのそれよりも約14%低い圧力低下に関連した。
Claims (14)
- 電気化学的分離モジュール式ユニットであって、
交互に設けられた複数の除去室および濃縮室を画定するセルスタックと、
前記セルスタックを囲み、前記セルスタックを通る流体フローを促進するように構成されたマニホルドシステムを含むフレームと、
を具え、
前記フレームは、前記セルスタックの垂直配列を維持するように構成され、
前記マニホルドシステムは、各除去室の流入口および各濃縮室の流入口と流体連通する流入口マニホルドを具え、
前記フレームは、前記マニホルドシステムと流体連通するフロー分配システムを含み、該フロー分配システムは、インサートと、該インサートを受容するように構成された前記フレームにより確定される凹みとを有し、
前記インサートは、前記セルスタック近傍の第1の側面と、前記第1の側面に対向する第2の側面と、を有し、前記インサートは、前記第1の側面および前記第2の側面の少なくとも一方に複数のポートを具え、
前記インサートの前記第1の側面の各ポートは、前記セルスタックのイオン交換膜に対して実質的に垂直に配向され、前記インサートの前記第2の側面の各ポートは、前記セルスタックのイオン交換膜に対して実質的に平行に配向されているモジュール式ユニット。 - 前記マニホルドシステムは、各除去室の流出口および各濃縮室の流出口と流体連通する流出口マニホルドをさらに具える、
請求項1に記載のモジュール式ユニット。 - 前記フロー分配システムは、各除去室の流入口および各濃縮室の流入口と流体連通する、請求項1に記載のモジュール式ユニット。
- 前記フロー分配システムは、電流損失を低減するように構成された少なくとも1つの迂回経路を具える、
請求項1に記載のモジュール式ユニット。 - 前記フロー分配システムは、第1の方向に配向された複数の第1の流体路を具える、請求項3に記載のモジュール式ユニット。
- 前記フロー分配システムは、第2の方向に配向された複数の第2の流体路をさらに具え、
前記複数の第2の流体路は、前記複数の第1の流体路と流体連通している、
請求項5に記載のモジュール式ユニット。 - 前記第1の方向は、前記第2の方向に対して、実質的に垂直である、
請求項6に記載のモジュール式ユニット。 - 前記インサートは、前記セルスタックに均一なフロー分配を促進するように構成された格子構造を画定する、
請求項1に記載のモジュール式ユニット。 - 前記第1の側面の少なくとも1つのポートは、前記セルスタックの複数の区画室と流体連通している、
請求項1に記載のモジュール式ユニット。 - 前記第1の側面の前記複数のポートは、互い違いに設けられている、
請求項1に記載のモジュール式ユニット。 - 前記セルスタックは、前記セルスタックを画定するイオン交換膜の表面積に関して少なくとも85%の流体接触を実現するように構成かつ配置されている、
請求項1に記載のモジュール式ユニット。 - 前記除去室および前記濃縮室の少なくとも1つは、遮断スペーサまたはフロー再分配器を具える、
請求項1に記載のモジュール式ユニット。 - 前記除去室を通るフローの方向が、前記濃縮室を通るフローの方向と異なるように、前記セルスタックは構成されている、
請求項1に記載のモジュール式ユニット。 - 前記除去室を通るフローの方向が、前記濃縮室を通るフローの方向に対して実質的に垂直であるように、前記セルスタックは構成されている、
請求項1に記載のモジュール式ユニット。
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