JP5916890B2 - ガラスフリット、これを含む導電性ペースト組成物および太陽電池 - Google Patents
ガラスフリット、これを含む導電性ペースト組成物および太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5916890B2 JP5916890B2 JP2014550031A JP2014550031A JP5916890B2 JP 5916890 B2 JP5916890 B2 JP 5916890B2 JP 2014550031 A JP2014550031 A JP 2014550031A JP 2014550031 A JP2014550031 A JP 2014550031A JP 5916890 B2 JP5916890 B2 JP 5916890B2
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/10—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/003—Titanates
- C01G23/005—Alkali titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G33/00—Compounds of niobium
- C01G33/006—Compounds containing, besides niobium, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
- C03C3/07—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
- C03C3/07—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead
- C03C3/072—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead containing boron
- C03C3/074—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead containing boron containing zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/10—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead
- C03C8/12—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead containing titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
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Description
結晶質シリコン太陽電池において、基板上に形成されたエミッタ層は、基板をベースとしてpn接合(pn junction)をなすものであるが、High Rs cellは、面抵抗(Sheet Resistance)が60〜120Ω/sqで、従来の結晶質太陽電池のエミッタ層の面抵抗が40〜50Ω/sqであるのに比べて高いため、光電変換効率に優れている。つまり、高効率の太陽電池は、太陽電池の基板の前面に形成されたエミッタ層のうちの表面層にdead layer(生成された電子が余分の半導体不純物濃度によって電流の形成に妨げられる領域)が生じる部分を小さくするため、太陽電池の効率を高める。
本発明のガラスフリット(glass frits)は、SiO2およびPbOと共に、Al2O3、ZrO2、ZnO、およびLi2Oからなる群より選択される1種以上を含む。
本発明の導電性ペースト組成物は、銀(Ag)粉末、リチウムチタン酸化物(Lithium titanium oxide)、ガラスフリット(glass frits)、バインダー、および溶媒を含む。
Li4Ti5−xMxO12 (化学式1)
本発明の一実施形態にかかる太陽電池は、第1導電性タイプの基板と、前記基板上に形成された第2導電性タイプのエミッタ層と、前記エミッタ層上に形成された反射防止膜と、前記反射防止膜を貫通して前記エミッタ層に接続され、前記導電性ペースト組成物を用いて形成される前面電極と、前記基板の背面に形成された後面電極とを含む。
製造実施例1−1
SiO217.0重量%、Al2O38.7重量%、PbO66.0重量%、ZnO6.0重量%、Li2O1.7重量%、ZrO20.6重量%を、ボールミル(ball mill)を用いて混合し、80℃で乾燥した。1,000℃で溶融させた後、常温でクエンチング(quenching)した。これをディスクミル方法を用いて粗粉砕した後、プラネタリーミル(planetary mill)を用いて微粉砕し、平均粒径の大きさが5umのガラスフリット(以下、G/F−1と表示)を製造した。
SiO29.3重量%、Al2O32.4重量%、PbO84.5重量%、ZnO6.0重量%、ZrO23.8重量%を混合したことを除いては、製造実施例1−1と同様の方法でガラスフリット(以下、G/F−2と表示)を製造した。
製造実施例2−1
水熱合成法を用いて、平均粒径が150nmのリチウムチタン酸化物(以下、Li4Ti5O12−150と表示)を製造した。
製造実施例2−1と同様に行うものの、回転ミリング装置の回転数を500rpmとし、4時間粉砕し、平均粒径が100nmのリチウムチタン酸化物(以下、Li4Ti5O12−100と表示)を製造した。
製造実施例2−1と同様に行うものの、回転ミリング装置の回転数を1,000rpmとし、48時間粉砕し、平均粒径が30nmのリチウムチタン酸化物(以下、Li4Ti5O12−30と表示)を製造した。
製造実施例2−1と同様に行うものの、Nb(OH)5の0.1gを添加し、平均粒径が150nmであり、Nbがドーピングされたリチウムチタン酸化物(以下、Li4Ti4.75Nb0.25O12−150と表示)を製造した。
製造実施例2−1と同様に行うものの、NaOHの1.0gを添加し、平均粒径が150nmであり、Naがドーピングされたリチウムチタン酸化物(以下、Li4Ti4.75Na0.25O12−150と表示)を製造した。
実施例1
銀(Ag)粉末は、Dowa社の平均粒径(d50)2.0μmの銀粒子(商品名4−8F)を55.0重量%、平均粒径(d50)0.8μmの銀粒子(商品名2−1C)を32.0重量%として用いた。
銀(Ag)粉末として、Dowa社の平均粒径(d50)2.0μmの銀粒子(商品名4−8F)を55.0重量%、平均粒径(d50)0.8μmの銀粒子(商品名2−1C)を31.0重量%として用い、リチウムチタン酸化物は、Li4Ti5O12−150を2.0重量%として用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法で導電性ペースト組成物を製造した。
銀(Ag)粉末として、Dowa社の平均粒径(d50)2.0μmの銀粒子(商品名4−8F)を55.0重量%、平均粒径(d50)0.8μmの銀粒子(商品名2−1C)を30.0重量%として用い、リチウムチタン酸化物は、Li4Ti5O12−150を3.0重量%として用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法で導電性ペースト組成物を製造した。
銀(Ag)粉末として、Dowa社の平均粒径(d50)2.0μmの銀粒子(商品名4−8F)を55.0重量%、平均粒径(d50)0.8μmの銀粒子(商品名2−1C)を29.0重量%として用い、リチウムチタン酸化物は、Li4Ti5O12−150を4.0重量%として用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法で導電性ペースト組成物を製造した。
銀(Ag)粉末として、Dowa社の平均粒径(d50)2.0μmの銀粒子(商品名4−8F)を55.0重量%、平均粒径(d50)0.8μmの銀粒子(商品名2−1C)を28.0重量%として用い、リチウムチタン酸化物は、Li4Ti5O12−150を5.0重量%として用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法で導電性ペースト組成物を製造した。
銀(Ag)粉末は、Dowa社の平均粒径(d50)2.0μmの銀粒子(商品名4−8F)を55.0重量%、平均粒径(d50)0.8μmの銀粒子(商品名2−1C)を33.0重量%として用いた。
銀(Ag)粉末は、Dowa社の平均粒径(d50)2.0μmの銀粒子(商品名4−8F)を55.0重量%、平均粒径(d50)0.8μmの銀粒子(商品名2−1C)を32.0重量%として用いた。
銀(Ag)粉末として、Dowa社の平均粒径(d50)2.0μmの銀粒子(商品名4−8F)を55.0重量%、平均粒径(d50)0.8μmの銀粒子(商品名2−1C)を31.0重量%として用い、リチウムチタン酸化物は、Li4Ti5O12−150を2.0重量%として用いたことを除いては、実施例6と同様の方法で導電性ペースト組成物を製造した。
銀(Ag)粉末として、Dowa社の平均粒径(d50)2.0μmの銀粒子(商品名4−8F)を55.0重量%、平均粒径(d50)0.8μmの銀粒子(商品名2−1C)を30.0重量%として用い、リチウムチタン酸化物は、Li4Ti5O12−150を3.0重量%として用いたことを除いては、実施例6と同様の方法で導電性ペースト組成物を製造した。
銀(Ag)粉末として、Dowa社の平均粒径(d50)2.0μmの銀粒子(商品名4−8F)を55.0重量%、平均粒径(d50)0.8μmの銀粒子(商品名2−1C)を29.0重量%として用い、リチウムチタン酸化物は、Li4Ti5O12−150を4.0重量%として用いたことを除いては、実施例6と同様の方法で導電性ペースト組成物を製造した。
銀(Ag)粉末として、Dowa社の平均粒径(d50)2.0μmの銀粒子(商品名4−8F)を55.0重量%、平均粒径(d50)0.8μmの銀粒子(商品名2−1C)を28.0重量%として用い、リチウムチタン酸化物は、Li4Ti5O12−150を5.0重量%として用いたことを除いては、実施例6と同様の方法で導電性ペースト組成物を製造した。
銀(Ag)粉末は、Dowa社の平均粒径(d50)2.0μmの銀粒子(商品名4−8F)を55.0重量%、平均粒径(d50)0.8μmの銀粒子(商品名2−1C)を30.0重量%として用いた。
(Ag)粉末として、Dowa社の平均粒径(d50)2.0μmの銀粒子(商品名4−8F)を55.0重量%、平均粒径(d50)0.8μmの銀粒子(商品名2−1C)を31.0重量%として用い、リチウムチタン酸化物は、製造実施例2−2のLi4Ti5O12−100を2.0重量%として用いたことを除いては、実施例11と同様の方法で導電性ペースト組成物を製造した。
銀(Ag)粉末として、Dowa社の平均粒径(d50)2.0μmの銀粒子(商品名4−8F)を55.0重量%、平均粒径(d50)0.8μmの銀粒子(商品名2−1C)を31.0重量%として用い、リチウムチタン酸化物は、製造実施例2−3のLi4Ti5O12−30を2.0重量%として用いたことを除いては、実施例11と同様の方法で導電性ペースト組成物を製造した。
銀(Ag)粉末は、Dowa社の平均粒径(d50)2.0μmの銀粒子(商品名4−8F)を55.0重量%、平均粒径(d50)0.8μmの銀粒子(商品名2−1C)を28.0重量%として用いた。
無機添加剤として、ZrO22.0重量%を使用したことを除いては、実施例14と同様の方法で導電性ペースト組成物を製造した。
無機添加剤として、ZnO1.0重量%、およびZrO21.0重量%を使用したことを除いては、実施例14と同様の方法で導電性ペースト組成物を製造した。
銀(Ag)粉末は、Dowa社の平均粒径(d50)2.0μmの銀粒子(商品名4−8F)を55.0重量%、平均粒径(d50)0.8μmの銀粒子(商品名2−1C)を29.0重量%として用いた。
リチウムチタン酸化物として、製造実施例2−5のLi4Ti4.75Na0.25O12−150を2.0重量%として用いたことを除いては、実施例17と同様の方法で導電性ペースト組成物を製造した。
実施例19
156mmの多結晶シリコンウエハを用いて、管状炉(tube furnace)で900℃でPOCL3を使用する拡散工程によってリン(P)をドーピングし、100Ω/sqの面抵抗を有するエミッタ層を形成した。
それぞれ実施例2〜18で得られた導電性ペースト組成物を用いて前面電極を形成したことを除いては、実施例19と同様の方法で太陽電池を製造した。
比較例1で得られた導電性ペースト組成物を用いて前面電極を形成したことを除いては、実施例19と同様の方法で太陽電池を製造した。
実施例19〜36および比較例2から製造した太陽電池の電気的性能を、ASTM G−173−03により、AM1.5太陽の条件下、米国、NJ、ジュモント(Dumont)所在のNPC Incorporatedのsolar tester、Model NCT−M−180Aを用いて測定した。
2:エミッタ層
3:反射防止膜
4:前面電極
5:後面電極
Claims (14)
- 銀(Ag)粉末、リチウムチタン酸化物(Lithium titanium oxide)、 Al 2 O 3 、ZrO 2 、ZnO、およびLi 2 Oからなる群より選択される1種以上と、SiO 2 およびPbOを含むガラスフリット、バインダー、および溶媒を含むことを特徴とする、導電性ペースト組成物。
- 前記ペースト組成物全体100重量部に対して、前記銀粉末は60〜95重量部、前記ガラスフリットは0.1〜10重量部、前記リチウムチタン酸化物は0.1〜5重量部、前記バインダーは1〜20重量部、および前記溶媒は1〜20重量部で含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の導電性ペースト組成物。
- 前記リチウムチタン酸化物は、下記の化学式1で表される化合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の導電性ペースト組成物:
Li4Ti5−xMxO12 (化学式1)
前記化学式1において、xは、各成分のモル比を示すもので、0≦x≦0.25を満足し、Mは、Nb、Zn、Mn、Mg、Fe、Ni、Ca、Bi、Al、Zr、V、Cu、Na、K、およびPからなる群より選択される金属である。 - 前記リチウムチタン酸化物は、平均粒径が10〜500nmであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の導電性ペースト組成物。
- ZnO、ZrO2、およびこれらの混合物からなる群より選択された1種以上の金属酸化物をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の導電性ペースト組成物。
- ZnO、ZrO2、またはこれらの混合物からなる群より選択された1種以上の金属酸化物を0.1〜10重量部でさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の導電性ペースト組成物。
- 前記銀粉末は、平均粒径が0.5〜4μmの球状またはフレーク状の粉末であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の導電性ペースト組成物。
- 前記バインダーは、不飽和カルボン酸化合物および不飽和二重結合を有する化合物の共重合体であるカルボキシル基含有感光性樹脂、不飽和カルボン酸化合物および不飽和二重結合を有する化合物の共重合体にエチレン性不飽和基をペンダント基として付加したカルボキシル基含有感光性樹脂、並びに不飽和二重結合を有する酸無水物および不飽和二重結合を有する化合物の共重合体と水酸基と不飽和二重結合を有する化合物の反応によって得られるカルボキシル基含有感光性樹脂からなる群より選択された1種以上であるカルボキシル基含有感光性樹脂であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の導電性ペースト組成物。
- 前記溶媒は、α−テルピノール(a−Terpinol)、ブチルカルビトールアセテート(butyl carbitol acetate)、テキサノール(Texanol)、ブチルカルビトール(butyl carbitol)、およびジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(Di−propylene glycol monomethyl ether)からなる群より選択される1種以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の導電性ペースト組成物。
- 分散剤、増粘剤、およびレベリング剤からなる群より選択される1種以上の添加剤を0.1〜10重量部でさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の導電性ペースト組成物。
- 第1導電性タイプの基板と、
前記基板上に形成された第2導電性タイプのエミッタ層と、
前記エミッタ層上に形成された反射防止膜と、
前記反射防止膜を貫通して前記エミッタ層に接続され、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の導電性ペースト組成物を用いて形成される前面電極と、
前記基板の背面に形成された後面電極とを含むことを特徴とする、太陽電池。 - 前記基板は、P型不純物でドーピングされ、前記エミッタ層は、N型不純物でドーピングされていることを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記エミッタ層は、60〜120Ω/sqの面抵抗を有することを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記反射防止膜は、シリコン窒化膜、水素を含むシリコン窒化膜、シリコン酸化膜、シリコン酸化窒化膜、MgF2膜、ZnS膜、TiO2膜、CeO2膜からなる群より選択されるいずれか1つの単一膜、または前記単一膜の中から選択される2つ以上の膜が組み合わされた多層膜であることを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の太陽電池。
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- 2013-01-11 EP EP13736458.4A patent/EP2802545B1/en active Active
- 2013-01-11 WO PCT/KR2013/000246 patent/WO2013105812A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-01-11 US US14/371,669 patent/US20150007880A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US20160141066A1 (en) | 2016-05-19 |
KR101350960B1 (ko) | 2014-01-16 |
US20150007880A1 (en) | 2015-01-08 |
EP2802545A1 (en) | 2014-11-19 |
US9984784B2 (en) | 2018-05-29 |
WO2013105812A1 (en) | 2013-07-18 |
CN104039728B (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
KR20130083651A (ko) | 2013-07-23 |
JP2015509899A (ja) | 2015-04-02 |
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