JP5901793B2 - 再充電可能な酸化物−イオンバッテリーセル用の鉄含有活性材料を生成するための固溶体法 - Google Patents
再充電可能な酸化物−イオンバッテリーセル用の鉄含有活性材料を生成するための固溶体法 Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 72
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 15
- AHKZTVQIVOEVFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxide(2-) Chemical compound [O-2] AHKZTVQIVOEVFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021525 ceramic electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 iron halide Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YPFNIPKMNMDDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]acetate;iron(3+) Chemical compound [Fe+3].OCCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O YPFNIPKMNMDDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- XPFAJCSMHOQBQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminoacetic acid;nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.NCC(O)=O XPFAJCSMHOQBQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002772 Ba‐Fe‐O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002924 Ba–Ni–O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001553 barium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RTVHKGIVFVKLDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Ba+2] RTVHKGIVFVKLDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010349 cathodic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011345 viscous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
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- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/502—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese for non-aqueous cells
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Description
dW/dtは、更に、式4の公式を使用して最大電流I(アンペア)に、数学的に導くことができる。式中、nは酸化反応に関与する電荷の数、Fはファラデー定数:96,485クーロン/モル、Zは酸化物の式量である。
式4は、最大電流IがAに比例することを明確に示唆する。つまり、Aがより大きくなるほど、Iがより高くなる。明らかに、活性材料の表面積(A)を増加させることが、エネルギー貯蔵の充放電操作の間に、金属酸化還元反応全体を強め、その結果、電流に関しセルパフォーマンスを押し上げるための主要な解決策の一つとして浮かび上がってくる。即ち、微細鉄粒子がROB用途には好ましい。例えば、US4132547Aに、互いに焼結させて比較的高密度構造を形成した微細な金属被覆鉄粒子からなる電極構造が開示されている。残念なことに、Feを含む微細金属粒子を直に取り扱って処理することは、金属粒子のサイズが小さくにつれて火災の危険性がより高まることから、重大な危険に曝されることになる。加えて、慎重な安全対策を講じることによってFe等のより微細な金属粉末の利用が可能になったとしても、高温におけるFe粒子の表面積損失に起因して、長期の動作時間に亘って、ROBのセルパフォーマンスが低下し得る。表面積損失は、表面エネルギーの極小化により引き起こされる物質の高密度化及び/又は粗粒化の結果である。
a)2つの電荷をもつ酸化物イオンへ酸素を可逆的に変換する空気電極カソード、
b)電荷を移送する酸化物イオン伝導性電解質、
c)酸化物イオンの有する電荷を活性金属成分によって貯蔵し又は放出し、金属酸化還元反応に伴う体積変化に適応させる金属電極、
d)空気と活性金属との直接接触を防ぐ高信頼性密封材、及び
e)コスト有効性。
以下に、グリシン硝酸塩プロセスを使用した目的材料の合成を例示する。
2種類の材料を作製した。一方は対照であり、他方は被検物である。該被検物を例として用いる。硝酸バリウム9.80g、硝酸鉄136.35g及びグリシン40.82gを秤量し、500mlビーカーに入れた。脱イオン水を加えて約300mlの原液を調製した。この原液を、十分な換気能力を備えたフード中のホットプレート上に載置してあるステンレス鋼容器(2リットル)に移した。次いで、ステンレス鋼金網(200メッシュ)を使用してその容器開口部を覆った。ホットプレートのスイッチを入れて加熱し、溶液を沸騰させて過剰水を蒸発させた。生じた粘稠物は発火し、自己持続型燃焼過程へ移行した。燃焼生成物を集め、1,000℃で4時間、カ焼した。カ焼粉末は、18時間、3mmのイットリア安定化ジルコニア媒体を用いたイソプロパノール中で、ボールミルにかけた。粉砕物質を乾燥し、分析評価のために収集した。
粉末約1グラムを直径12.75mmのプレス型に入れ、2,000ポンドの負荷下に一軸プレスした。形成、圧縮されたディスクを、5℃/分の上昇率で、空気中、900℃で6時間加熱し、調製された状態の試料を得た。調製状態ディスクのいくつかを還元実験用に選び、その直径(d1)を計測した。当該ディスクを、管状炉内で95%N2−5%H2雰囲気中、5℃/分の上昇率で800℃において6時間、還元に供し、還元状態サンプルを生成した。還元状態サンプルの直径(d2)を計測して、収縮率(δ)を、δ(%)=100(d1−d2)/d1として、計算した。収縮率(δ)は、高密度化に対する材料の耐性に関する強力な指標であった。調製状態サンプル及び還元状態サンプルは、2Θ(回折角)20°から80°まで、走査速度0.05°/秒で、リガク回折装置を使用したX線回折分析にかけた。
12 空気電極
14 金属電極
18 反応界面
20 空気電極
22 セラミック電解質
24 金属電極
26 金属フレーム
28 密封材
30 金属ハウジング構造
32 活性材料
34 電流コネクタ
50 ハウジングポケット
Claims (9)
- 再充電可能な酸化物−イオン電池セルの金属電極用の鉄含有活性材料を生成するための固溶体法であって、i)鉄含有種(α)を準備し、ii)鉄ではない元素Xを含有する担持体種(β)を準備し、iii)前記鉄含有種(α)と前記担持体種(β)とを混合して(α+β)混合物を生成し、iv)Fe及びXが顕微鏡レベルで均質に分散している固溶体Fe−X−Oを生成するのに効果的な時間、前記(α+β)混合物を500℃〜2,500℃の温度で高温処理し、そして、v)前記固溶体Fe−X−Oを還元してX酸化物と混ぜ合わされた金属Feを得、この還元により酸素損失が引き起こされ、多孔性のFe含有活性材料が生成する、方法。
- 前記ステップi)の鉄含有種(α)が固体、液体又は固液混合の形態である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ステップii)の担持体種(β)が固体、液体又は固液混合の形態である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 請求項3の前記担持体種(β)が、X酸化物、Xハロゲン化物、X硝酸塩及びX炭酸塩の中から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記担持体種(β)が、Li、Na、K、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Al、Ga、Y、Nb、Mo、Ru、W、La、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb及びLuからなる群から選択される元素Xを、含有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記担持体種(β)が、Ca、Sr、Ba、Sc、Ti、V、Mn、Co、Ni、Y、Nb、Ru、W及びLaからなる群から選択される元素Xを、含有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- X/(X+Fe)の比率が、モル数換算で、0.001から0.6の範囲にある、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ステップiii)における鉄含有種(α)と担持体種(β)との混合が、混合法、混練法及び溶液法の少なくとも一つによる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ステップv)における還元環境が、N2−H2、H2−H2O、CO−CO2、及びこれらの混合の中から選択される還元ガスにおいて400℃〜1,200℃の温度で加熱することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
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US13/346,780 | 2012-01-10 | ||
US13/346,780 US8685288B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2012-01-10 | Solid-solution method for producing iron-containing active materials for rechargeable oxide-ion battery cells |
PCT/EP2013/050206 WO2013104615A1 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2013-01-08 | Solid-solution method for producing iron-containing active materials for rechargeable oxide-ion battery cells |
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EP (1) | EP2783411B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5901793B2 (ja) |
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DE102012211474A1 (de) | 2012-07-03 | 2014-01-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Speicherstruktur einer elektrischen Energiespeicherzelle |
DE102013205407A1 (de) * | 2013-03-27 | 2014-10-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Energiewandlerzelle mit elektrochemischer Wandlereinheit |
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US3896049A (en) * | 1973-12-03 | 1975-07-22 | Atlantic Richfield Co | Method of forming co-precipitated material |
US4054729A (en) | 1976-10-27 | 1977-10-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Rechargeable high temperature electrochemical battery |
US4132547A (en) * | 1977-05-27 | 1979-01-02 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Method of producing self-supporting fully activated iron electrodes by thermal reduction-sintering |
US4745038A (en) * | 1983-11-10 | 1988-05-17 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Integrated gasification iron-air electrical system |
US5851599A (en) * | 1995-09-28 | 1998-12-22 | Sumitomo Electric Industries Co., Ltd. | Battery electrode substrate and process for producing the same |
DE69712582T2 (de) * | 1996-09-20 | 2003-01-09 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Aktives Material für die positive Elektrode alkalischer Speicherbatterien |
JP2001217000A (ja) | 1999-02-26 | 2001-08-10 | Toshiba Battery Co Ltd | ニッケル・水素二次電池 |
US7396612B2 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2008-07-08 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Lithium ion secondary battery |
JP5201030B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-19 | 2013-06-05 | 住友化学株式会社 | 電極およびそれを有する電池 |
US8057710B2 (en) * | 2009-03-30 | 2011-11-15 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Composite for electrode active material and secondary battery comprising the same |
US20110033769A1 (en) | 2009-08-10 | 2011-02-10 | Kevin Huang | Electrical Storage Device Including Oxide-ion Battery Cell Bank and Module Configurations |
CN101699640B (zh) * | 2009-10-26 | 2012-04-25 | 湖南大学 | 动力锂离子电池Fe/ FeO复合负极材料及其制备方法 |
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WO2013104615A1 (en) | 2013-07-18 |
KR20140116098A (ko) | 2014-10-01 |
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CN104040762B (zh) | 2016-07-06 |
US20130175483A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
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