JP5733804B2 - ジチオレン金属錯体の無色ir吸収剤 - Google Patents

ジチオレン金属錯体の無色ir吸収剤 Download PDF

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JP5733804B2
JP5733804B2 JP2013126953A JP2013126953A JP5733804B2 JP 5733804 B2 JP5733804 B2 JP 5733804B2 JP 2013126953 A JP2013126953 A JP 2013126953A JP 2013126953 A JP2013126953 A JP 2013126953A JP 5733804 B2 JP5733804 B2 JP 5733804B2
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unsubstituted
substituted
alkyl
oxygen
independently
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JP2013216674A (ja
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レーマン,ウルス
ハイツラー,ダニエル
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BASF Schweiz AG
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Ciba Holding AG
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    • C07F15/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F15/04Nickel compounds
    • C07F15/045Nickel compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
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    • B29B13/02Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by heating
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    • C07D233/66Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Description

本発明は、無色IR吸収剤としての特異的なジチオレン金属錯体の使用に関する。本発明は、また、新規なジチオレン金属錯体にも関する。
無色、または少なくともほとんど無色のIR吸収剤は、広範囲の適用、例えば、セキュリティー印刷(銀行通帳、クレジットカード、IDカード、パスポートなど)、目に見えないがIR読取が可能なバーコード、プラスチックのレーザ溶接、IRラジエータを用いた表面コーティングの硬化、プリントの乾燥および硬化、紙表面のトナー固定、PDP(プラズマディスプレイパネル)用の光学フィルタ、レーザマーキング、プラスチック製プレフォームの加熱などでの重要な技術的要件を満たす。
IR吸収剤の複数の分類、例えば、キノン−ジインモニウムまたはアミニウム塩、ポリメチン(例えば、シアニン、スクアラン、クロコナイン)、フタロシアニンおよびナフタロシニン、ジチオレン、ならびに他の金属錯体が知られている。より新しい構造、例えばクオテリレンジイミドも、近年になり知られるようになった。
それらの有機物質の他にも、例えば、六ホウ化ランタン、酸化インジウムスズ(ITO)、ナノ粒子形態の酸化アンチモンスズ(ATO)およびコーティングされたマイカ材(Merkの「Lazerflair」)も、知られている。
その多数の公知の化合物類および構造にもかかわらず、技術的観点を満たすIR吸収剤は、いまだに知られていない。特に「無色」、即ち本来の色が最小のものに関しては、他の技術的な安定性の要件(熱安定性および/または光安定性)を同時に満たす真に満足のいく解決は知られていない。例えばセキュリティー印刷用のIR吸収剤は、例えば、「American Dye Source」から入手できるが、それらは事実上全てが、可視(VIS)範囲のスペクトル(400〜700nm)に吸収を有する。
意外にも、それ自体が公知の複素環式ジチオレン金属錯体類が、それらの要件を満たし得ることがここに見出された。特に無色に関しては、これらの化合物は、公知のIR吸収剤よりもかなり優れており、他の技術的要件、例えば、プラスチック材料(プラスチックのレーザ溶接物)に組込まれた場合の良好な光堅牢度(例えば、セキュリティー印刷)または良好な熱安定性を同時に満たす。
したがって本発明は、無色IR吸収剤としての式Iおよび/または式II:
Figure 0005733804
(式中、
Mは、Ni、Pd、Pt、Au、Ir、Fe、Zn、W、Cu、Mo、In、Mn、Co、Mg、V、CrまたはTiであり、
、XおよびXは、それぞれ他から独立して、硫黄または酸素であり、
、R、R、R、RおよびRは、それぞれ他から独立して、水素、NR、非置換もしくは置換C〜C18アルキル、アルキレン鎖が酸素で中断されたC〜C18アルキル、非置換もしくは置換C〜C18アルケニル、非置換もしくは置換アリール、非置換もしくは置換アリールアルキル、または非置換もしくは置換へテロアリールアルキルであり、RおよびRは、それぞれ他から独立して、非置換もしくは置換C〜C18アルキル、非置換もしくは置換アリール、非置換もしくは置換アリールアルキル、または非置換もしくは置換へテロアリールアルキルである)で示される化合物の使用、式IおよびIIで示される化合物に場合により添加される更なるIR吸収剤に関する。
好ましいのは、金属:Mが、Ni、PdまたはPtである、式Iで示される化合物である。(請求項2)
置換基:R〜RまたはR〜Rが、C〜C18アルキル基である場合、それらは、好ましくは非置換C〜C18アルキル基、より好ましくはC〜Cアルキル基であり、直鎖および分枝鎖ならびに環状のアルキル基を含む。以下のもの、例えばプロピル、イソプロピル、n−ブチル、sec−ブチル、tert−ブチル、n−ヘキシル、2−エチルヘキシル、n−オクチル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシルが挙げられる。
置換基:R〜RまたはR〜Rが、アルキレン鎖が酸素で中断されたC〜C18アルキル基である場合、それらは、好ましくは−(CH−[O−(CH−OCH(n=2〜6、m=2または3、k=1〜6)である。
置換基:R〜RまたはR〜Rが、C〜C18アルケニル基である場合、それらは、好ましくは非置換C〜C18アルケニル基、より好ましくはC〜Cアルケニル基である。例えば、ビニルまたはアリルであってもよい。
置換基:R〜RまたはR〜Rが、アリール基である場合、それらは、好ましくは非置換アリール基、例えば、フェニル、ナフチル、アントリルまたはフェナントリル基である。
置換基:R〜RまたはR〜Rが、アリールアルキル基である場合、それらは、好ましくは非置換アリールアルキル基、例えば、−(CH−フェニル(q=1〜6)、特にベンジル、エチルフェニル、プロピルフェニルである。
置換基:R〜RまたはR〜Rが、ヘテロアリールアルキル基である場合、それらは、好ましくは非置換へテロアリールアルキル基であり、それは複素芳香族環が、アルキル基に直接結合していることを示す。複素芳香族環は、例えば、イミダゾリル、ピリジル、チエニル、フリル、チアゾリル、インドリル、キノリニル、ピラゾリル、ピラジル、ピリダジルまたはピリミジニルである。
置換基:R〜RまたはR〜Rは、好ましくは非置換C〜C18アルキル、−(CH−[O−(CH−OCH(n=2〜6、m=2または3、k=1〜6)、非置換C〜C18アルケニル、非置換アリールアルキルまたは−N(C〜Cアルキル)である。
置換基:RおよびRは、好ましくはC〜Cアルキル基である。
好ましい実施形態において、
Mが、Ni、Pd、Ptであり、
、XおよびXが、それぞれ他から独立して、硫黄または酸素であり、
、R、R、Rが、それぞれ他から独立して、−N(C〜Cアルキル)、非置換C〜Cアルキル、−(CH−[O−(CH−OCH(n=2〜6、m=2または3、k=1〜6)、ビニルまたはアリル、−(CH−フェニル(q=1〜6)である、
式Iで示される化合物が、無色IR吸収剤として用いられる。(請求項3)
特に該当するのは、構造:Ia〜Ihである。
Figure 0005733804
(請求項4)
無色IR吸収剤は、IR吸収剤に残存する不可視性により、全ての適用分野で用いることができる。以下の使用、例えば:セキュリティー印刷(銀行通帳、クレジットカード、IDカード、パスポートなど)、目に見えないがIR読取が可能なバーコード、プラスチックのレーザ溶接、IRラジエータを用いた表面コーティングの硬化、プリントの乾燥および硬化、紙表面のトナー固定、レーザマーキング(プラスチック材料、紙、木など)およびプラスチック製プレフォームの加熱などが挙げられる。(請求項5)
特に適した適用分野は、セキュリティー印刷およびプラスチック材料のレーザ溶接における式Iおよび/またはIIで示される化合物の使用である。(請求項6)
別の実施形態において、式IおよびIIで示される化合物は、セキュリティー印刷およびバーコードの印刷で用いられる。(請求項7)
式IおよびIIで示されるIR吸収剤は、更なる公知のIR吸収剤との混合物、特にポリメチン(シアニン、スクアランおよびクロコナイン)との混合物の形態であってもよい。そのようなIR吸収剤混合物は、特にセキュリティー印刷に適している。(請求項8)
好ましいポリメチンの例を、以下の表に列挙する:
Figure 0005733804

Figure 0005733804
IR吸収剤は、選択された適用に応じて、10ppm〜10%、好ましくは100ppm〜2%の濃度で用いられる。
レーザ溶接は、好ましくは1064nmのND:YAGレーザを用いて、または980nmもしくは940nmのダイオードレーザを用いて実施され、IR吸収剤の濃度は、例えば5〜500ppm、好ましくは10〜100ppmである。
レーザ溶接では、プラスチック成分が、互いに溶接される。本発明のジチオレンは、特に透明プラスチック材料、例えば、ポリプロピレン、ポリビニルブチラール、ポリアミド、ポリカーボナート、ポリカーボナート−ポリエチレンテレフタレート混合物、ポリカーボナート−ポリブチレンテレフタレート混合物、ポリカーボナート−アクリロニトリル−スチレン−アクリロニトリル共重合体混合物、ポリカーボナート−アクリロニトリル−ブタジエン−スチレン共重合体混合物、ポリメチルメタクリレート−アクリロニトリル−ブタジエン−スチレン共重合体混合物(MABS)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリブチルアクリレート、ポリメチルメタクリレート−ポリ二フッ化ビニリデン混合物、アクリロニトリル−ブタジエン−スチレン共重合体(ABS)、スチレン−アクリロニトリル共重合体(SAN)およびポリフェニレンスルホンならびにそれらの混合物を溶接するのに適している。
溶接に特に有利なのは、2種の同様に透明のプラスチック加工物、例えば、無色−透明/無色−透明または有色−透明/有色−透明の使用である。
セキュリティー印刷において、IR吸収剤は、印刷インクに添加される。適切な印刷インクは、インクジェット印刷、フレキソ印刷、スクリーン印刷、凹版印刷、オフセット印刷、レーザ印刷または凸版印刷用および電子写真に使用される顔料または染色を基にした水性、油性または溶媒性の印刷インクである。
本発明は、
Mが、Ni、Pd、Pt、Au、Ir、Fe、Zn、W、Cu、Mo、In、Mn、Co、Mg、V、CrまたはTiであり、
が、酸素であり、XおよびXが、酸素または硫黄であり、
、R、R、R、RおよびRが、それぞれ他から独立して、水素、NR、非置換もしくは置換C〜C18アルキル、アルキレン鎖が酸素で中断されたC〜C18アルキル、非置換もしくは置換C〜C18アルケニル、非置換もしくは置換アリール、非置換もしくは置換アリールアルキル、または非置換もしくは置換へテロアリールアルキルであり、RおよびRが、それぞれ他から独立して、非置換もしくは置換C〜C18アルキル、非置換もしくは置換アリール、非置換もしくは置換アリールアルキル、または非置換もしくは置換へテロアリールアルキルである、
式IおよびIIで示される新規なジチオレン化合物にも関する。(請求項9)
それらの化合物は、対応する硫黄成分(X、X、X=S)から、適切な溶媒での酸化により、または例に記載されたとおり、得られる。
以下の化合物が、例として挙げられる。
Figure 0005733804
本発明は、
Mが、Ni、Pd、Pt、Au、Ir、Fe、Zn、W、Cu、Mo、In、Mn、Co、Mg、V、CrまたはTiであり、
、XおよびXが、それぞれ他から独立して、硫黄または酸素であり、
、R、R、R、RおよびRが、NR(式中、RおよびRは、それぞれ他から独立して、非置換もしくは置換C〜C18アルキル、非置換もしくは置換アリール、非置換もしくは置換アリールアルキル、または非置換もしくは置換へテロアリールアルキルである)である、
式IおよびIIで示される新規なジチオレン化合物にも関する。(請求項10)
好ましい−NRは、−N(C〜Cアルキル)である。
以下の化合物:IcおよびIdが、例として挙げられる。
Figure 0005733804
新規なジチオレン化合物は、既知のジチオレン化合物のように、セキュリティー印刷(銀行通帳、クレジットカード、IDカード、パスポートなど)、目に見えないがIR読取が可能なバーコード、プラスチックのレーザ溶接、IRラジエータを用いた表面コーティングの硬化、プリントの硬化および乾燥、紙表面のトナー固定、レーザマーキング(プラスチック、紙、木など)およびプラスチック製プレフォームの加熱などでの使用に適している。
加えて、式IおよびIIで示される新規なジチオレン化合物は、プラズマディスプレイパネル(PDP)用の光学フィルタとしての使用に適している。この適用では、1000nm未満、特に約900nmの吸収が、特に該当する。
実施例
実施例1
Figure 0005733804
の製造
その化合物は、J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans 1998, 3731-3736から公知であり、その製造は、そこに記載されている。
1,3−ジイソプロピル−4,5−ジオキソイミダゾリン−2−チオンを、還流条件下、クロロベンゼン中で金属ニッケルおよびLawesson試薬:
Figure 0005733804
と反応させた。
吸収最大(クロロホルム):1001nm(79000)
実施例2
Figure 0005733804
の製造
二塩化白金およびLawesson試薬を用いて、実施例1と同様に反応を実施した。
吸収最大(クロロホルム):1000nm(113000)
実施例3a
Figure 0005733804
の製造
N,N−ジメチルヒドラジン12.26部を、撹拌しながら、ジクロロエタン250部中の二硫化炭素7.65部の溶液に室温で添加した。その後、温度を40℃に上昇させ、その温度で16時間撹拌を実施して、反応を完了させた。続いて1時間の間、温度を80℃に上昇させた。その後、更にジクロロエタン750部を添加して、塩化オキサリル13.88部(少量のジクロロエタンに溶解)を、90分間かけて滴下した。その後、反応混合物を加熱還流して2時間還流を持続し、その後それを濃縮して黄色結晶をろ別し、少量のジクロロエタンで洗浄した。乾燥後、先に示した構造を有する生成物14部を得た。
実施例3b
Figure 0005733804
の製造
二塩化白金0.333部を、トルエン50部中の実施例3aの生成物0.541部およびLawesson試薬1.085部の溶液に添加した。反応混合物を110℃で90分間保持して高温のままろ過し、n−ヘキサン500部を添加して冷却後にろ過した。得られた沈殿をろ別して乾燥させ、生成物0.5部を得た(吸収最大994nm)。
実施例4
手順は、用いた金属がモリブデンであること以外はこれまでの実施例と同様であり、こうして対応する1:3モリブデン錯体:
Figure 0005733804
を得た。
実施例5
Figure 0005733804
の製造
実施例2の化合部を、還流温度でジクロロメタン中の大気中の酸素で酸化して、対応するオキソ化合物を形成した。吸収最大は、968nmで見出された。
実施例6a
Figure 0005733804
の製造
1,3−ジ−n−プロピル尿素29.14部を、40℃のトルエン300部に溶解した。その撹拌溶液に塩化オキサリル27.18部を、80℃で40分間かけて添加した。100℃で更に1時間撹拌した後、溶液を60℃で蒸発し、乾固して、生成物36.8部を得た。
実施例6b
Figure 0005733804
の製造
実施例6aの生成物1.59部、二塩化白金1.06部およびLawesson試薬3.47部を、トルエン100部中、窒素下で110℃に加熱した。45分の反応時間後に、暗色溶液を−10℃に冷却し、沈殿をろ別して、エタノールおよび少量のアセトンで洗浄した。精製のために、粗生成物をジクロロメタンに溶解し、メタノールを添加して緩やかに沈殿させた。暗青色結晶をろ過により回収した。生成物の吸収最大は、900nmで見出された(クロロホルム)。
実施例7
Figure 0005733804
の製造
実施例6bと同様に進行させ、塩化白金の代わりに塩化パラジウムを用いると、吸収最大921nmの対応するパラジウム錯体が得られた。
実施例8
Figure 0005733804
の製造
実施例6bと同様に進行させ、塩化白金の代わりに金属ニッケルを用いると、吸収最大891nmの対応するニッケル錯体が得られた。
実施例9〜24
実施例9〜24の化合物(下記の表に示す構造)を、実施例1〜8に記載されたものと同様の手順により得た。
Figure 0005733804

Figure 0005733804
適用例
実施例A1(セキュリティー印刷)
塩化ビニル11.9部、酢酸ビニル2.1部、エトキシプロパノール10部、メチルエチルケトン75.5部および実施例1の生成物0.5部を、ガラスビーズ150gと共にSkandexミキサーで30分間振とうした。得られた印刷インクをドクターブレードを用いてコントラスト紙に塗布した(湿った時の膜厚:6μm)。プリントは、見た目には無色であるが、IR観察装置(IR-viewing device)(カットオフフィルター715nm)を用いると、IR範囲では明瞭に見ることができた。光堅牢度が、優れていた。
実施例A2(セキュリティー印刷)
実施例A1に示されたとおり進行させ、実施例2のIR吸収剤を用いると、優れた光堅牢度を有し、IR観察装置を用いると赤外範囲では明瞭に見られる無色プリントが、同様に得られた。
実施例A3(プラスチック材料のレーザ溶接)
射出成形機を用いて、実施例1のIR吸収剤を、2mmの厚さ(濃度:100ppm)を有するポリカーボナートディスクに組込んだ。Nd:YAGレーザを用いて、得られた事実上無色のディスクを、出力30ワットおよび進行速度(a rate of advance)20mm/分で、IR吸収剤を含まない純粋な第2の1mm厚ポリカーボナートディスクに溶接した。得られた溶接物は優れた結合、不変の透明性、溶融侵入(melt irruptions)がないことおよび気泡のないことを特徴とする。機械的負荷を重くした時に、ディスクの破壊が溶接シームに生じなかった。
実施例A4(プラスチック材料のレーザ溶接)
実施例A3に示されたとおり進行させ、実施例2のIR吸収剤を用いると、優れた溶接性を有する事実上無色のポリカーボナートディスクが同様に得られた。得られた溶接物は、不変の透明性を有し、その溶接物は、溶融侵入または気泡が残存せず、溶接物の強度が優れていた。
実施例A5およびA6
実施例A3およびA4に示されたとおり進行させ、Nd:YAGレーザ(1064nm)を用いる代わりに発光波長980nmを有するダイオードレーザを用いると、実施例A3およびA4に記載されたものと同様の良好な結果が得られた。
実施例A7およびA8
実施例A3およびA4に示されたとおり進行させ、Nd:YAGレーザ(1064nm)を用いる代わりに発光波長940nmを有するダイオードレーザを用いると、同等に良好な溶接物が、レーザ出力80ワットで得られた。
実施例A9
実施例A3に示されたとおり進行させ、1.5mmの厚さを有するポリプロピレンディスクを用いると、得られた溶接物は、同様に非常に良好であった。

Claims (3)


  1. Figure 0005733804
    (式中、
    Mは、Ni、PdまたはPtであり、
    は、酸素であり、
    は、硫黄または酸素であり、
    、R、R およびR 、それぞれ他から独立して、水素、NR、非置換もしくは置換C〜C18アルキル、アルキレン鎖が酸素で中断されたC〜C18アルキル、非置換もしくは置換C〜C18アルケニル、非置換もしくは置換アリール、非置換もしくは置換アリールアルキル、または非置換もしくは置換へテロアリールアルキルであり、RおよびRが、それぞれ他から独立して、非置換もしくは置換C〜C18アルキル、非置換もしくは置換アリール、非置換もしくは置換アリールアルキル、または非置換もしくは置換へテロアリールアルキルである。)
    で示される化合物。

  2. Figure 0005733804
    (式中、
    Mは、Ni、PdまたはPtであり、
    およびX 、それぞれ他から独立して、硫黄または酸素であり、
    、R、R およびR 、NR(式中、RおよびRは、それぞれ他から独立して、非置換もしくは置換C〜C18アルキル、非置換もしくは置換アリール、非置換もしくは置換アリールアルキル、または非置換もしくは置換へテロアリールアルキルである)である)
    で示される化合物。
  3. セキュリティー印刷、バーコード、プラスチックのレーザ溶接、IRラジエータを用いた表面コーティングの硬化、プリントの乾燥および硬化、紙またはプラスチック表面のトナー固定、プラスチック、紙および他の天然または合成材料のレーザマーキング、プラスチック製プレフォームの加熱、ならびにプラズマディスプレイパネル(PDP)用の光学フィルタのための、請求項1および2記載の化合物の使用。
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