JP5671467B2 - 炭素被覆スピネル型チタン酸リチウム - Google Patents
炭素被覆スピネル型チタン酸リチウム Download PDFInfo
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- JP5671467B2 JP5671467B2 JP2011530412A JP2011530412A JP5671467B2 JP 5671467 B2 JP5671467 B2 JP 5671467B2 JP 2011530412 A JP2011530412 A JP 2011530412A JP 2011530412 A JP2011530412 A JP 2011530412A JP 5671467 B2 JP5671467 B2 JP 5671467B2
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- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- titanium oxide
- lithium
- present
- lithium titanate
- Prior art date
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 56
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 51
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 28
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 27
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 24
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 4
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 title description 4
- FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KCULPGCVUPDJNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+].[C+4] Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+].[C+4] KCULPGCVUPDJNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 20
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 lithium transition metal Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical class C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013681 dietary sucrose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011363 dried mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960001375 lactose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SWAIALBIBWIKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium titanium Chemical compound [Li].[Ti] SWAIALBIBWIKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- OPENBMXERPNKDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalen-1-ol;perylene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 OPENBMXERPNKDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005606 polypropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005118 spray pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
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- C01G23/003—Titanates
- C01G23/005—Alkali titanates
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- C04B35/62655—Drying, e.g. freeze-drying, spray-drying, microwave or supercritical drying
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- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
- C04B35/636—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- C01P2002/30—Three-dimensional structures
- C01P2002/32—Three-dimensional structures spinel-type (AB2O4)
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- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
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Description
LiOH・H2O及びアナターゼ型TiO2を出発材料とした。市販のLiOH・H2O(メルク社製)の場合、含水量はバッチ毎に異なるため、合成前に測定した。まず、LiOH・H2Oを水に溶解し、次いでアナターゼ型TiO2及びラクトースを攪拌しながら添加して、LiOH/TiO2/ラクトースの縣濁液を30〜35℃で調製した。
本発明のチタン酸リチウム(Li4Ti5O12)の製造
9.2kgのLiOH・H2Oを水45Lに溶解し、次いで20.8kgのTiO2を添加した。ラクトースを様々な量で添加した。ラクトース量を更に変化させた。すなわち、30gラクトース/kg(LiOH+TiO2)のバッチ、60gラクトース/kg(LiOH+TiO2)のバッチ、及び90gラクトース/kg(LiOH+TiO2)のバッチを使用して、本発明のチタン酸リチウム中の炭素量を変化させた。
実施例1の製造方法により、ラクトース未添加で炭素未被覆のチタン酸リチウムを製造した。
Claims (8)
- 炭素で被覆されたリチウムチタン酸化物の一次粒子からなる直径1〜80μmの多孔性球形粒子凝集体を含み、BET表面積が1〜10m2/gである炭素含有リチウムチタン酸化物であって、リチウムイオン二次電池の活物質として使用される、炭素含有リチウムチタン酸化物。
- 一次粒子径は1μm未満である、請求項1に記載の炭素含有リチウムチタン酸化物。
- 炭素含有量は0.05〜2wt%である、請求項2に記載の炭素含有リチウムチタン酸化物。
- 前記炭素含有量は0.05〜0.5wt%である、請求項3に記載の炭素含有リチウムチタン酸化物。
- 前記リチウムチタン酸化物はLi4Ti5O12である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の炭素含有リチウムチタン酸化物。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の炭素含有リチウムチタン酸化物を含む、リチウムイオン二次電池用の電極。
- 請求項6に記載の電極を含むリチウムイオン二次電池。
- C/10における充電/放電容量は165mAh/g超である、請求項7に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
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DE102008050692.3 | 2008-10-07 | ||
DE102008050692.3A DE102008050692B4 (de) | 2008-10-07 | 2008-10-07 | Kohlenstoffbeschichteter Lithiumtitan-Spinell |
PCT/EP2009/007196 WO2010040516A1 (de) | 2008-10-07 | 2009-10-07 | Kohlenstoffbeschichteter lithiumtitan-spinell |
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US10439218B2 (en) | 2017-03-24 | 2019-10-08 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Active material, electrode, secondary battery, battery pack, and vehicle |
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Cited By (1)
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US10439218B2 (en) | 2017-03-24 | 2019-10-08 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Active material, electrode, secondary battery, battery pack, and vehicle |
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KR101358000B1 (ko) | 2014-02-04 |
DE102008050692B4 (de) | 2014-04-03 |
JP5657582B2 (ja) | 2015-01-21 |
TWI461366B (zh) | 2014-11-21 |
US20110217593A1 (en) | 2011-09-08 |
JP2012121803A (ja) | 2012-06-28 |
TW201024222A (en) | 2010-07-01 |
WO2010040516A1 (de) | 2010-04-15 |
US9085491B2 (en) | 2015-07-21 |
US20140175687A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
CA2738853A1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
CN102186775A (zh) | 2011-09-14 |
JP2012505137A (ja) | 2012-03-01 |
CN102186775B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
EP2349931B1 (de) | 2018-12-05 |
KR20110069128A (ko) | 2011-06-22 |
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EP2349931A1 (de) | 2011-08-03 |
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