JP6517787B2 - リチウムチタンスピネルの調製方法及びその使用 - Google Patents
リチウムチタンスピネルの調製方法及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6517787B2 JP6517787B2 JP2016517188A JP2016517188A JP6517787B2 JP 6517787 B2 JP6517787 B2 JP 6517787B2 JP 2016517188 A JP2016517188 A JP 2016517188A JP 2016517188 A JP2016517188 A JP 2016517188A JP 6517787 B2 JP6517787 B2 JP 6517787B2
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- tio
- composition
- lithium titanate
- doped
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- SWAIALBIBWIKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium titanium Chemical compound [Li].[Ti] SWAIALBIBWIKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 13
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 12
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 title description 12
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 77
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 76
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007833 carbon precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 20
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 4
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical class [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940071264 lithium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WJSIUCDMWSDDCE-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O WJSIUCDMWSDDCE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006257 total synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYJRNFFLTBEQSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-(3-methyl-1-benzothiophen-5-yl)-N-(4-methylsulfonylpyridin-3-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine Chemical class CS(=O)(=O)C1=C(C=NC=C1)NC=1C=C2N=CC=NC2=C(C=1)C=1C=CC2=C(C(=CS2)C)C=1 CYJRNFFLTBEQSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N D-mannopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002774 Maltodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005913 Maltodextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- PMUKAEUGVCXPDF-UAIGNFCESA-L dilithium;(z)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O PMUKAEUGVCXPDF-UAIGNFCESA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JILPJDVXYVTZDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium methoxide Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C JILPJDVXYVTZDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AZVCGYPLLBEUNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;ethanolate Chemical compound [Li+].CC[O-] AZVCGYPLLBEUNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKPJKVVZOOEMPK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;formate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C=O XKPJKVVZOOEMPK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002688 maleic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940035034 maltodextrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000320 mechanical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010671 solid-state reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005118 spray pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012905 visible particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/003—Titanates
- C01G23/005—Alkali titanates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
- C01P2002/54—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants one element only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/50—Agglomerated particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/51—Particles with a specific particle size distribution
- C01P2004/52—Particles with a specific particle size distribution highly monodisperse size distribution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
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Description
a)リチウム源の水溶液を提供する工程、
b)120〜180℃の範囲の温度において、固体TiO2及び炭素源を付加することにより前記水溶液を反応させてスラリーを形成する工程、及び
c)スラリーを噴霧乾燥し、複合酸化物を収集する工程
を含む。
>160 Ah/kgという特定の充電/放電容量を有する。
粒度分布の決定:
二次凝集体の粒度分布は、市販のデバイスを用いる光散乱法を用いて決定される。この方法は当業者には既知であり、また特に特開2002−151082号及び国際公開第02/083555号の開示を参照できる。この場合、粒度分布は、レーザー回折測定装置(Mastersizer 2000 APA 5005、Malvern Instruments GmbH、Herrenberg、DE)及び製造者のソフトウェア(バージョン5.40)により決定された。測定は、2.200の設定屈折率を用いて水中で行われる。試料の調製及び測定は、製造者の指示に従って行われた。
2.1.複合酸化物
複合酸化物の調製のための本発明による方法に出発生成物として使用される化合物は、始めはアナターゼ形態のTiO2及びLiOH・H2Oである。対応するドーパントの、先述において定義された、炭素源と任意選択的に遷移又は主族金属化合物及び/又は硫黄含有化合物とを付加する。市販のLiOH・H2O(Merck社)の場合、水の含有量はバッチ毎に異なっており、合成に先立って決定された。
次いで本発明による複合酸化物の焼成を行った。
実施例1
LiOH・H2Oを、15〜50℃の温度の蒸留水に溶解した。水酸化リチウム溶液をオートクレーブ内に満たし、アナスターゼ変性したTiO2を撹拌下で付加した。Li/Ti比の比は4/5〜6/7であった。加えて、グラファイトを一定の撹拌下で付加した。
無水のLiOHを、オートクレーブ内において、40〜50℃の温度の蒸留水に溶解した。3%の水酸化リチウムは酢酸リチウムで置換された。Evonik社のAEROXIDE P 25、アナスターゼを含むTiO2化合物、及びルチルを、撹拌下で、0.5%の水酸化アルミニウムと共に付加した。酢酸リチウム及び水酸化アルミニウムを、炭素源及びドーパントとして本発明による比で加えた。全体のLi/Tiの比は4/5〜6/7であった。反応は120℃で約18時間実行された。
LiOHを、10〜50℃の温度の蒸留水に溶解した。3%のサッカロースを撹拌下で、凝集したルチル形態のTiO2と共に添加した。懸濁液をオートクレーブ内に満たし、一定の撹拌下で180℃まで約3時間加熱した。
SEM顕微鏡写真
図1は、本発明によるチタン酸リチウム組成物の凝集体のSEM顕微鏡写真を示し、それに対し、図2は先行技術のチタン酸リチウムを示す(国際公開第2009/146904号)。粒子、即ち図1の凝集体は、互いから明確に分離されており、先行技術の生成物と比較して小さく、大きさが均一である。
図6は、本発明によるチタン酸リチウム組成物の粒度分布の測定値を示しており、これには顕著に単峰性の生成物が示されている。ここで、二次凝集体のD50値は10.22μmであり、D90値は19,41μmである。ピークの左の、≦1μmの大きさの小規模な部分は一次粒子からなる。先行技術の生成物(国際公開第2009/146904号)は、二峰性の粒度分布を示している。
複合酸化物のXRDチャートを記録したものが、図7a及び7bに示されている。図7aのXRDチャートは、アナスターゼ(x)、ルチル(◆)、Li2TiO3(*)及び極めて少量のLi2CO3(+)の痕跡を示す。図7bは、得られた複合酸化物の別のXRDチャートを示し、これにはアナスターゼ(x)に割当てられた反射、ルチル(◆)及びLi2TiO3(*)の小さな痕跡のみが示されている。
図3及び4は、半電池のアノードとしての、本発明(図4)による非ドープチタン酸リチウム組成物の、従来技術(図3/国際公開第2009/146904号)と比較した、サイクル安定性のグラフ(材料は750℃で15時間焼成された)である。電極の調合は、本発明による方法に従って得られる90重量%のチタン酸リチウム(Li4Ti5O12)、5%のスーパーP及び5%のVdFから構成されていた。電極の活性質量内容は、市販のリチウムイオンバッテリーの典型的な範囲である、10mg/cm2であった。
Claims (13)
- x重量部のLi2TiO3と、y重量部のTiO2と、z重量部のLi2CO3及び/又は水酸化リチウムと、u重量部の炭素源と、v重量部の遷移又は主族金属化合物及び/又は硫黄含有化合物とを含み、Li2TiO3は立方晶系構造で存在する複合酸化物であって、
xが2〜3の数であり、yが3〜4の数であり、zが0.001〜1の数であり、uが0.05〜1の数であり、0≦v≦0.1であり、遷移又は主族金属化合物の金属がAl、Mg、Ga、Fe、Co、Sc、Y、Mn、Ni、Cr、V又はこれらの混合物から選択される、複合酸化物。 - 請求項1に記載の複合酸化物の調製方法であって、
a)リチウム源の水溶液を提供する工程、
b)120〜180℃の範囲の温度において、固体のTiO2及び炭素源を添加することにより前記水溶液を反応させてスラリーを形成する工程、及び
c)スラリーを噴霧乾燥し、複合酸化物を収集する工程
を含み、工程b)で得られるスラリーが工程c)に濾過無しで供給される、方法。 - リチウム源が水酸化リチウムを含有することを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 炭素源が元素炭素又は炭素前駆体から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項2又は3に記載の方法。
- 反応が1〜20時間の期間にわたって起こることを特徴とする、請求項2から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程b)の前又は最中に、Al、Mg、Ga、Fe、Co、Sc、Y、Mn、Ni、Cr、Vを含有する遷移又は主族金属化合物又は硫黄含有化合物又はこれらの混合物が添加される、請求項2から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ドープ又は非ドープの純相のチタン酸リチウムLi4Ti5O12の調製方法であって、請求項1に記載の複合酸化物が≦780℃の温度で焼結される、方法。
- 焼結時間が1〜15時間であることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 二次凝集体のD 10 値とD 90 値の間の距離が8μm〜30μmの範囲である単峰性の粒度分布を有し、一次粒子の二次凝集体と一次粒子とを含む粒子の形態の、ドープ又は非ドープの純相のチタン酸リチウムLi4Ti5O12の組成物であって、一次粒子が組成物の1〜40体積%の量で、二次凝集体が99〜60体積%の量で存在する組成物。
- 一次粒子が1〜5体積%の量で、二次凝集体が99〜95体積%の量で存在し、及び/又は組成物が狭い単峰性の粒度分布を有する、請求項9に記載のドープ又は非ドープの純相のチタン酸リチウムLi4Ti5O12の組成物。
- リチウムイオン二次バッテリーの活性アノード材料としての、請求項9又は10に記載の組成物の使用。
- アノード及びカソード、並びに電解質を含み、アノードが請求項9又は10に記載の組成物を含有する、リチウムイオン二次バッテリー。
- アノードが>160Ah/kgの特定の充電/放電容量を有する、請求項12に記載のバッテリー。
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CN105244491A (zh) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-01-13 | 四川科能锂电有限公司 | 一种制造钛酸锂锂离子电池负极材料的工艺 |
WO2017073765A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-04 | 宇部興産株式会社 | 蓄電デバイスの電極用リチウムナトリウムチタン複合酸化物粉末、及び活物質材料、並びにそれを用いた電極シートおよび蓄電デバイス |
CN105406046A (zh) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-03-16 | 深圳市金润能源材料有限公司 | 钛酸锂负极材料及其制备方法 |
US20170214038A1 (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2017-07-27 | Ford Cheer International Limited | Lithium titanate electrode material, producing method and applications of same |
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CN110199417A (zh) * | 2016-11-22 | 2019-09-03 | 浦项化学有限公司 | 锂钛复合氧化物、其制备方法及包含锂钛复合氧化物的锂二次电池 |
CN108212074B (zh) * | 2016-12-12 | 2020-09-04 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | 一种可磁性分离的偏钛酸型锂离子筛、制备方法及其应用 |
CN106910879B (zh) * | 2017-03-29 | 2019-09-20 | 天津巴莫科技股份有限公司 | 原位生成钛酸锂—二氧化钛复合材料及其制备方法 |
CN111710854A (zh) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-25 | 电子科技大学 | 具有氧缺陷的钛酸锂电极材料及制备方法和应用 |
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DE102011012713A1 (de) | 2011-03-01 | 2012-09-06 | Süd-Chemie AG | Lithium-Titan-Mischoxid |
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EP2595224A1 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-05-22 | Süd-Chemie IP GmbH & Co. KG | Doped lithium titanium spinel compound and electrode comprising the same |
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