JP5657689B2 - 担持触媒 - Google Patents
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- JP5657689B2 JP5657689B2 JP2012544458A JP2012544458A JP5657689B2 JP 5657689 B2 JP5657689 B2 JP 5657689B2 JP 2012544458 A JP2012544458 A JP 2012544458A JP 2012544458 A JP2012544458 A JP 2012544458A JP 5657689 B2 JP5657689 B2 JP 5657689B2
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- supported catalyst
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- fuel cell
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 73
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004917 polyol method Methods 0.000 description 3
- LMHKOBXLQXJSOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni].[Pt] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni].[Pt] LMHKOBXLQXJSOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007806 chemical reaction intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002059 quaternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QBVXKDJEZKEASM-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraoctylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCC[N+](CCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC QBVXKDJEZKEASM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical class [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/9083—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
- B01J21/185—Carbon nanotubes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Description
Claims (12)
- 炭素担体上に分散された、キャップ状に被覆された触媒材料のナノ粒子を備えた、担持触媒中間体のシェルの除去条件を設定するステップであって、前記キャップ状に被覆されたナノ粒子は、それぞれ、有機シェルに覆われた白金合金コアを備え、該シェルの除去条件が、220°C〜600°Cの温度と、実質的に酸素がない不活性ガス雰囲気と、を備えた、シェルの除去条件を設定するステップと、
前記炭素担体の熱分解を制限し、それにより前記触媒材料の凝集を制限して、前記担持触媒が少なくとも30m2/gPtの電気化学的表面積を維持するように、前記シェルの除去条件において前記白金合金コアから前記有機シェルを除去するステップと、
を備えた燃料電池用担持触媒の製造方法。 - 前記電気化学的表面積が、30〜150m2/gPtであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用担持触媒の製造方法。
- 前記電気化学的表面積が、40〜120m2/gPtであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用担持触媒の製造方法。
- 前記電気化学的表面積が、40〜60m2/gPtであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用担持触媒の製造方法。
- 前記触媒材料が、白金と、コバルトと、ニッケルと、を備えた組成PtxCoyNizを有し、変数x,y,zは、合計100となる原子百分率であり、xは20%〜60%、yは20%〜60%、z=100−x−yであり、該触媒材料は、合金化されていない白金触媒に対して2.5倍を上回る酸素還元反応質量活性を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用担持触媒の製造方法。
- 前記触媒材料が、白金と、コバルトと、ニッケルと、を備えた組成PtxCoyNizを有し、変数x,y,zは、合計100となる原子百分率であり、xは20%〜60%、yは20%〜60%、z=100−x−yであり、該触媒材料は、合金化されていない白金触媒に対して2.5〜6倍の酸素還元反応質量活性を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用担持触媒の製造方法。
- 前記不活性ガス雰囲気が、窒素と、アルゴンと、それらの組合せと、からなる群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用担持触媒の製造方法。
- 前記触媒材料が、白金と、鉄、ニッケル、コバルト、イリジウム、クロム、モリブデン、パラジウム、ロジウム、金、銅、およびバナジウムからなる群から選択された少なくとも一つの合金金属と、を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用担持触媒の製造方法。
- 前記触媒材料が、白金と、コバルトと、鉄、ニッケル、イリジウム、クロム、モリブデン、パラジウム、ロジウム、金、銅、およびバナジウムからなる群から選択された少なくとも一つの合金金属Mと、を備えた組成PtxCoyMzを有し、変数x,y,zは合計100となる原子百分率であり、xは20%〜60%、yは20%〜60%、z=100−x−yであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用担持触媒の製造方法。
- 前記触媒材料が、白金と、コバルトと、ニッケルと、を備えた組成PtxCoyNizを有し、変数x,y,zは合計100となる原子百分率であり、xは20%〜60%、yは20%〜60%、z=100−x−yであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用担持触媒の製造方法。
- 前記ナノ粒子が、1〜10nmの平均粒径を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用担持触媒の製造方法。
- 前記ナノ粒子が、3〜6nmの平均粒径を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用担持触媒の製造方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2009/068364 WO2011075125A1 (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2009-12-17 | Supported catalyst |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2013514171A JP2013514171A (ja) | 2013-04-25 |
JP5657689B2 true JP5657689B2 (ja) | 2015-01-21 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2012544458A Active JP5657689B2 (ja) | 2009-12-17 | 2009-12-17 | 担持触媒 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9548501B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5657689B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112009005450T5 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011075125A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2015032468A (ja) | 2013-08-02 | 2015-02-16 | スズキ株式会社 | 燃料電池用電極触媒、及びその製造方法、燃料電池用触媒担持電極、並びに燃料電池 |
EP3570733A4 (en) | 2017-01-17 | 2020-11-11 | 1A Smart Start, LLC | PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR EVALUATING AN ALCOHOLING BEHAVIOR |
US11278222B2 (en) | 2018-02-12 | 2022-03-22 | 1A Smart Start Llc | Waterless electrochemical transdermal alcohol sensor and wearable transdermal alcohol sensor device |
WO2019156689A1 (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2019-08-15 | Ginger, Inc. | Waterless electrochemical transdermal alcohl sensor and wearable transdermal alcohol sensor device |
KR102579102B1 (ko) * | 2018-06-21 | 2023-09-14 | 헤레우스 도이칠란트 게엠베하 운트 코. 카게 | 귀금속 촉매 브리켓, 이의 제조 및 소각 방법 |
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JPH0697614B2 (ja) * | 1988-08-26 | 1994-11-30 | エヌ・イーケムキャット株式会社 | 担持白金合金電極触媒 |
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JPH04141235A (ja) | 1990-09-29 | 1992-05-14 | Stonehard Assoc Inc | アノード極用電極触媒 |
JP3874380B2 (ja) | 1996-08-26 | 2007-01-31 | エヌ・イーケムキャット株式会社 | 空格子点型格子欠陥を有するカーボン担持白金スケルトン合金電極触媒 |
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US20120190536A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
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WO2011075125A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
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