WO2006038676A1 - 電極触媒の製造方法 - Google Patents
電極触媒の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006038676A1 WO2006038676A1 PCT/JP2005/018558 JP2005018558W WO2006038676A1 WO 2006038676 A1 WO2006038676 A1 WO 2006038676A1 JP 2005018558 W JP2005018558 W JP 2005018558W WO 2006038676 A1 WO2006038676 A1 WO 2006038676A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- reverse micelle
- alloy particles
- producing
- carrier
- solvent
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8906—Iron and noble metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
- B01J35/23—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state in a colloidal state
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
- B01J37/0219—Coating the coating containing organic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an electrode catalyst used for a polymer fuel cell or the like.
- Supported metal catalysts are applied as electrode catalysts in various fields such as petrochemical, petroleum refining, environment-related products, and fuel cells.
- polymer electrolyte fuel cells are being researched and developed as power sources for electric vehicles, stationary cogeneration, and portable devices.
- an electrode catalyst a support made of a conductive material such as carbon is used in which an active metal mainly composed of platinum is supported.
- the performance of this catalyst depends on the degree of dispersion of the active metal. If the amount of active metal supported is the same, the catalyst performance increases as the surface area increases. Further, since platinum is expensive, it is required to make catalyst particles finer and to carry highly dispersed in order to reduce the amount of platinum used.
- Patent Document 1 As a method for producing such an electrocatalyst, for example, as shown in Patent Document 1 below, a method of reducing a salt-platinum platinic acid solution to prepare a metal colloid solution and supporting it on a carrier is proposed.
- Patent Document 2 As a method for producing an alloy catalyst with platinum, for example, as shown in Patent Document 2 below, a method of obtaining alloy fine particles by reduction with alcohol in the presence of an organic protective agent is proposed. Be beaten!
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-224968
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-226901
- the alloy catalyst is important not only for the fuel electrode but also for improving the oxygen reduction characteristics of the air electrode.
- the alloy catalyst include an alloy of platinum and iron, cobalt, ruthenium or the like.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an electrocatalyst in which nano-level alloy catalyst particles having a uniform particle size without composition variation are supported in a highly dispersed manner.
- the present inventors have achieved the above-mentioned problem by forming alloy catalyst particles by carrying out a reduction reaction in a state in which a plurality of types of catalyst precursors are confined in reverse micelles, and then mixing and supporting the catalyst particles. As a result, the present invention has been found.
- the present inventors when preparing the reverse micelle solution, the present inventors previously include a support therein, and immediately support the alloy catalyst particles formed by the reduction reaction of the reverse micelle solution on the support. As a result, the inventors have found that the above-mentioned problems can be achieved, and have reached the present invention.
- the first production method of the electrode catalyst according to the present invention comprises mixing a catalyst precursor selected from metal salt and Z or a metal complex, a solvent having a hydrophilic group, and a water-insoluble solvent. Preparing a reverse micelle solution, adding a reducing water-insoluble liquid to the reverse micelle solution and heating to form alloy particles inside the reverse micelle, and supporting the alloy particles on the support And a step of causing the step to occur.
- the second production method of the electrode catalyst according to the present invention includes a catalyst precursor selected from two or more of a metal salt and Z or a metal complex, a solvent having a hydrophilic group, a water-insoluble solvent and a carrier. And a step of preparing a reverse micelle solution containing a carrier, and adding a non-aqueous solution having a reducing action to the reverse micelle solution to form alloy particles in the reverse micelle and heating the alloy particles. And a step of supporting it on a carrier.
- the second production method of the electrode catalyst can omit one step compared to the first production method. There are signs.
- the alloy particles are formed inside the reverse micelle in the above production process, and then the alloy particles are surrounded to constitute the reverse micelle.
- the method includes a step of partially removing molecules and a step of removing reverse micelle components remaining on the alloy particles after the alloy particles are supported on a carrier.
- an electrode catalyst in which high-quality nano-level alloy catalyst particles having a constant particle size and composition are supported in a highly dispersed manner.
- alloy catalyst particles having a composition ratio in accordance with the mixing ratio of a plurality of types of metal atoms before the alloy formation reaction can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a process diagram of a production method of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the production method of Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of thermogravimetry according to Test Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph according to Test Example 4.
- FIG. 5 is a graph of particle size distribution according to Test Example 4.
- FIG. 6 is a graph of current-potential characteristics according to Test Example 5.
- FIG. 7 is an electron micrograph showing the dispersion state of Pt—Fe alloy catalyst particles in Example 3.
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged electron micrograph of part of FIG.
- FIG. 9 is an electron micrograph showing the dispersion state of Pt—Fe alloy catalyst particles in a comparative example.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged electron micrograph of part of FIG.
- the first production method of the present invention will be described below with reference to the process diagram of FIG. First, in step 1, a reverse micelle solution is prepared.
- the catalyst precursor is a compound that is reduced to form a raw material for forming alloy particles. Specifically, it is a metal salt or metal complex having two or more metal salts or metal complexes having catalytic activity. If it is a complex, the combination is not particularly limited.
- the catalyst precursor includes a noble metal salt such as platinum, palladium, gold or the like, or an inorganic or organic metal complex of the noble metal, and iron, ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, chromium, vanadium, Base metal salts such as titanium, niobium, molybdenum, lead, rhodium, tungsten, and iridium, or inorganic or organic metal complexes of the base metals are included. Since the catalytic activity is particularly excellent, platinum is particularly preferable as the noble metal. Platinum metal complexes and platinum salts include acetyl acetylate platinum (Pt (acac)), potassium chloroplatinate.
- acac acetyl acetylate platinum
- Base metal salts include iron chloride and salt
- Base metal salts such as nickel and ruthenium chloride are used, and metal complexes such as ammine complexes, ethylenediamine complexes, and acetylethylacetonate complexes are used.
- Platinum alloy and palladium alloy are preferably used in order to improve the resistance to poisoning of carbon monoxide and oxygen reduction activity in fuel gas.
- the mixing ratio of the plurality of metal salts or metal complexes may be appropriately selected depending on the desired alloy.
- Pt Ru, Pt Mo, Pt Ni, Pt Fe, etc. are examples of combinations of metal species and atomic ratios in alloys with excellent resistance to carbon monoxide poisoning. Also oxygen reduction
- Examples of the solvent having a hydrophilic group include an organic solvent having a hydroxyl group, and examples thereof include higher alcohols.
- a solvent having a hydrophilic group can form reverse micelles in a non-water-soluble solvent, is excellent in solubility of the catalyst precursor, and can withstand the heating conditions during the reduction reaction for alloy formation described later.
- a solvent having a boiling point of about 150 ° C. to 300 ° C. is preferably used.
- hexadecandiol, octadecanediol, or the like is used.
- Examples of the water-insoluble solvent include organic solvents that form reverse micelles by mixing with the solvent having a hydrophilic group, and examples thereof include higher ethers, aromatic ethers, and higher esters.
- a solvent having a boiling point of about 150 ° C. to 300 ° C. is preferably used in consideration of the stability of reverse micelles and the heating conditions during the reduction reaction for forming the alloy described later.
- diphenyl ether, dioctyl ether, dinonyl ester and the like are used.
- the mixing ratio of the solvent having a hydrophilic group and the water-insoluble solvent is appropriately selected so as to form a stable reverse micelle solution.
- the water-insoluble solvent is mixed at a molar ratio of 10 to L00 times with respect to the solvent having a hydrophilic group.
- step of preparing the reverse micelle solution it is preferable to further mix a higher aliphatic carboxylic acid and a higher aliphatic amine to form a stable reverse micelle.
- the higher aliphatic carboxylic acid is preferably a compound having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include oleic acid, decanoic acid, and pentadecanoic acid.
- As the higher aliphatic amine a compound having 6 to 22 carbon atoms is preferably used, and oleylamine, decanamine, pentadecanamine and the like are exemplified.
- a combination of oleic acid and oleylamine is particularly preferably used because of excellent stability of reverse micelles, and is used by mixing in an equimolar ratio, for example.
- a metal salt or metal complex When a metal salt or metal complex, a solvent having a hydrophilic group and a water-insoluble solvent are mixed, or when a higher aliphatic carboxylic acid and a higher aliphatic ammine are further mixed, the flow of the mixed solution In order to improve the properties, it is preferable to stir while appropriately heating as necessary. Further, the mixing is preferably performed under an inert gas such as nitrogen.
- a plurality of types of metal salts or metal complexes for obtaining an alloy having a desired composition are included in reverse micelles having a fine particle size, and the external micelles are externally formed. It is performed by supplying a reducing agent and heating to reduce and alloy. As a result, nano-level alloy particles having a controlled particle size of about 3 nm and a stable composition can be obtained.
- Non-aqueous solutions having a reducing action include MBR H, M
- H (wherein M represents lithium, sodium or potassium, R represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, and the hydrocarbon group may be linear, branched, saturated or unsaturated), alcohol and naphthalene.
- a water-insoluble liquid containing a metal derivative or the like is used.
- These may be an organic solvent solution of a substance having a reducing action or an organic solvent itself having a reducing action.
- organic solvent solution of a substance having a reducing action or an organic solvent itself having a reducing action.
- LiB (C H) H LiB (C H) H
- the amount of the reducing agent added is preferably 1 to 3 times in molar ratio to the total amount of metal salts.
- the addition of the reducing water-insoluble liquid is carried out, for example, by gradually dropping the reverse micelle solution while stirring with a stirrer or the like, and a known mixing means can be used as appropriate.
- the heating temperature for the reaction of reducing and alloying is preferably about 200 ° C to 300 ° C, which varies depending on the type of alloy desired. If the temperature is less than 200 ° C, alloying cannot be performed sufficiently, and if the temperature exceeds 300 ° C, the alloy particles may agglomerate.
- a reverse micelle solution consisting of platinum of acetylyl senate, iron chloride ( ⁇ ), 1,2-hexadecanediol, diphenyl ether, oleic acid and oleylamine is mixed with LiB (C
- THF solution it is preferable to drop the THF solution to about 260 ° C and carry out the reduction reaction.
- the type of the metal salt or metal complex, the type of various solvents, the temperature of the reduction reaction, and the like are appropriately selected according to the conditions for producing a desired alloy.
- the choice of various solvents depends on the solubility of the metal salt, the stability of the reverse micelles formed, and the reduction reaction. It is appropriately selected in consideration of the heating temperature and the like.
- the alloy particles formed inside the reverse micelle as described above are then carried on a conductive carrier (Fig. 1, step 4).
- a solution containing alcohol preferably a lower alcohol such as ethanol or methanol
- a solution containing alcohol is mixed with the reverse micelle solution and centrifuged to separate a precipitate containing alloy particles.
- a process of redispersion in an organic solvent such as hexane is performed (Fig. 1 ⁇ Process 3). By performing this step, it is possible to wash away the reducing agent remaining in the reverse micelle solution after the reduction reaction.
- the molecules that surround the alloy particles and partially constitute the reverse micelles can be partially removed, and the repelling action of the micelles due to the hydrophobic groups outside the reverse micelles can be maintained and the alloy particles supported. It is thought that the adsorption capacity of the particles can be improved to facilitate the loading. That is, the alloy particles can be supported on the carrier while avoiding the aggregation of the alloys.
- the conductive carrier for supporting the alloy particles is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include carbon black, amorphous carbon, carbon nanotube, carbon nanohorn, and tin oxide nanoparticle.
- a normal method such as mixing and stirring a reverse micelle solution containing alloy particles and a carrier can be used.
- the mixing is preferably carried out while dropping the reverse micelle solution in a solution in which a carrier is dispersed in an alcohol, preferably a lower alcohol such as ethanol or methanol. Since the reverse micelle has a hydrophobic group on its outer side, the particles are repelled by the charge of the hydrophobic group and are arranged on the support surface without being too close to each other, so that the alloy particles are supported in a highly dispersed manner.
- the reverse micelle component remaining on the alloy particles can be completely decomposed and removed.
- the remaining reverse micelle component includes a hydrophobic group such as an alkyl group, for example.
- the heat treatment is preferably performed under an inert gas such as argon, nitrogen or helium.
- the temperature of heat treatment varies depending on the type of metal forming the alloy, the metal salt or metal complex as the raw material, and the type of reagent, but it is the temperature at which the reverse micelle component is decomposed and the progress of the decomposition reaction is not too slow.
- the temperature is preferably lower than the temperature at which the agglomeration of alloy particles occurs Yes. For example, it is preferably about 100 ° C to 400 ° C, more preferably about 180 ° C to 250 ° C.
- the heat treatment time is preferably set in a range in which the aggregation of alloy particles does not occur. For example, in the case of the platinum iron alloy particles described above, it is preferable to perform the heat treatment for about 3 to 5 hours at a temperature of about 180 ° C to 230 ° C.
- the second production method comprises step 1 in the first production method, that is, reverse micelles by mixing two or more metal salts or metal complexes to be a catalyst precursor, a solvent having a hydrophilic group and a water-insoluble solvent.
- the carrier is mixed together to prepare a reverse micelle solution containing the carrier.
- the second production method basically the same method as the first production method can be used except that the carrier is mixed together in step 1. Therefore, as in the case of the first production method, a conductive carrier such as carbon black, amorphous carbon, carbon nanotube, carbon nanohorn, or tin oxide nanoparticle should be used for the type of carrier mixed in step 1.
- a conductive carrier such as carbon black, amorphous carbon, carbon nanotube, carbon nanohorn, or tin oxide nanoparticle should be used for the type of carrier mixed in step 1.
- the second production method described above makes it possible to place the carrier in the reverse micelle solution in advance and to carry it simultaneously with the reduction in the same container.
- the support is included in the solution in which the reverse micelle is formed, so that the metal to be alloyed is mixed with the support in the form of ions forming the reverse micelle instead of the solid, thereby achieving a uniform dispersion state.
- the metal ions that form reverse micelles are uniformly adsorbed to the carrier by electrostatic action in the solution, and are in the reverse micelle state, so that aggregation of particles can be suppressed, and uniform on the carrier. It will be carried on.
- Example 1 1,2-hexadecanediol is represented by ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
- oleic acid is represented by R 2 OH
- oleylamine is represented by R 3 NH
- LiB (CH) H is represented by LiB et H.
- Steps (1) and (2) were performed under nitrogen gas.
- the molecules that form reverse micelles are partially removed compared to the state of the previous step (4), and thus the repulsive action of the hydrophobic groups of the molecules This is thought to be due to the fact that it is easily adsorbed on the carbon black in a state in which there remains.
- the amount of platinum supported was 20 wt% with respect to carbon black.
- the alloy particle-supported carrier obtained in the above step (4) was heated in argon gas at 220 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain an electrode catalyst.
- Fig. 3 is a graph showing the result of measuring the weight change when heating the carbon black catalyst carrying the alloy particles. The temperature is gradually increased while raising the temperature by 5 ° C per minute. Quantitative change characteristic (TG) was measured.
- Example 1 the force near 100 ° C began to decrease in weight, decreased rapidly from around 180 ° C, and leveled off at about -13% after 400 ° C.
- Example 1 (5) the weight of the catalyst heated at 220 ° C. for 4 hours was measured, and the rate of change in weight was about 12.5%, which is equivalent to the leveled off value in the graph of FIG. I found out.
- Example 1 The carbon black carrying the alloy particles obtained in step (4) was not heat-treated, heat-treated at 220 ° C, and heat-treated at 400 ° C. X-ray diffraction analysis was performed. Lattice constant and particle size of alloy particles were obtained . The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- the Pt—Fe alloy was found to have a face-centered cubic structure similar to that of pure platinum. Its lattice constant was about 3.89-3.83 angstroms regardless of heat treatment, which was smaller than the lattice constant of 3.93 angstroms of pure platinum. This means the formation of an alloy with iron, which has a smaller atomic radius than platinum. In addition, even after heat treatment at 220 ° C, the particle size was about 2.8 nm, indicating that there was almost no change from before heating.
- the particle size exceeds 3 nm, and it is speculated that there is a possibility that the increase in particle size due to the aggregation of alloy particles may become remarkable if heating is performed above this temperature. .
- Example 1 Carbon black carrying the alloy particles obtained in step (4) was subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis on the alloy particles treated at different heating temperatures. Examined. As a result, it was found that ordered alloys were formed when the heating temperature exceeded 400 ° C. Since the alloy catalyst is preferably a disordered alloy from the viewpoint of durability, the heat treatment in the above step (5) is preferably performed at 400 ° C. or less.
- Example 1 Observation of the surface of the carbon black carrying the alloy particles obtained in step (4) without heating and the one heated at 220 ° C in step (5) by TEM did. As a result, even when the reverse micelle components remaining on the alloy particles are decomposed and removed by heating to 220 ° C in argon gas, they are aggregated as shown in the TEM photograph in Fig. 4 and the particle size distribution graph in Fig. 5. In addition, it was found that the particles were supported in a highly dispersed state and the degree of dispersion of the particle size was small.
- Electrocatalyst performance test Example 1 The oxygen reduction activity of a catalyst (Pt—FeZC) obtained by heating carbon black carrying Pt—Fe alloy particles obtained in step (5) to 220 ° C. in argon gas was measured by the rotating electrode method (RDE). Measured by. Pt—FeZC powder was fixed uniformly on the glassy carbon disk electrode (GC) surface. As a comparative control sample, PtZC powder in which only platinum was supported on carbon black by the same manufacturing method except that only one kind of acetylethylacenate platinum was used for the metal complex was prepared in the same manner as described above. And fixed to GC. Record the relationship between current and potential while rotating the electrode in 0.1M HCIO electrolyte saturated with air.
- Figure 6 shows the current-potential characteristics (convection voltammogram) at 25 ° C. From the results in Fig. 6, the potential at which the oxygen reduction reaction current of Pt—FeZC begins to flow is shifted by about 50 mV in the positive direction compared to PtZC, and the current suddenly increases, improving the oxygen reduction activity. I was able to be there. In addition, the measurement was performed while changing the rotational speed, and the active-dominated current density was calculated by extrapolating the rotational speed to infinity. The results are shown in Table 2. PtZC k
- the mixed solution containing the Pt—Fe supported catalyst obtained in the above step (2) is cooled to room temperature and then filtered to separate the Pt—Fe supported catalyst particles. Then wash thoroughly with ethanol and dry at 60 ° C.
- the Pt—Fe supported catalyst obtained in the above step (3) was heated in argon gas at 220 ° C. for 4 hours, and the residual solvent was removed to obtain a Pt—Fe electrode catalyst.
- Example 2 Example 2 was used except that 177 mg of Fe (acac) was used as the raw material for Fe.
- An electrode catalyst was obtained in the same manner as above.
- Example 4 a Pt—Co electrode catalyst was prepared. CoCl ⁇ 6 ⁇ as a raw material of Co 1
- An electrode catalyst was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that OO mg was used.
- Example 5 a Pt—V electrode catalyst was prepared. For 174mg of V (acac) as raw material of V
- An electrode catalyst was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except for V plating.
- the lattice constant of any of the catalysts of Examples 2 to 5 forms an alloy having a lattice constant smaller than that of pure Pt, 3.93A.
- the particle size was 2.4 to 5.3 nm.
- J which indicates the electrode performance of the catalyst, is 0.86 mAcm- 2 (see Table 2) for Pt alone, whereas k
- alloying is 2.3 to 3.4 times higher than this value.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 show the results of observation of the dispersion state of the Pt—Fe alloy particles in Example 3 with a transmission electron microscope. As can be seen from these figures, the alloy particles are highly dispersed on the carrier and the particle size distribution has no width.
- Fig. 8 is an enlarged view of part of Fig. 7.
- the composition analysis of Pt and Fe was carried out by an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer using 10 particles with numbers.
- a comparative example in which a Pt-Fe alloy catalyst is prepared by reducing alcohol with a commonly used protective colloid method is shown below.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a part of FIG. 9, similar to FIG. 8 in the third embodiment.
- the composition of Pt and Fe was analyzed using an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer.
- Table 5 shows the composition analysis results for each particle.
- the power was lower than the value of. This is because the dispersed state of the Pt—Fe alloy particles is worse than that of the catalyst of the example, so that the electrode performance is lowered.
- the former is an alloy in which the particle size of the alloy particles is smaller and the particle size distribution is not wide and is uniformly dispersed on the support. It became clear that it was superior to the latter, such as a uniform particle composition.
- the present invention can provide an excellent method for producing an electrode catalyst used for a fuel cell or the like, and has industrial applicability.
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Abstract
Description
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- 2005-10-06 JP JP2006539331A patent/JP4016077B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-10-06 EP EP05790272A patent/EP1811594B1/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-10-06 US US11/664,506 patent/US8491697B2/en active Active
- 2005-10-06 WO PCT/JP2005/018558 patent/WO2006038676A1/ja active Application Filing
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WO2009060582A1 (ja) * | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-14 | Kyusyu University, National University Corporation | 燃料電池用電極材料の製造方法及び燃料電池用電極材料並びに該燃料電池電極材料を用いた燃料電池 |
US8398884B2 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2013-03-19 | Kyushu University, National University Corporation | Method for producing electrode material for fuel cell, electrode material for fuel cell, and fuel cell using the electrode material for fuel cell |
JP5322110B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-09 | 2013-10-23 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | 燃料電池用カソード電極材料の製造方法及び燃料電池用カソード電極材料並びに該カソード電極材料を用いた燃料電池 |
JP2010511997A (ja) * | 2007-12-04 | 2010-04-15 | ハンファ ケミカル コーポレーション | 高分子電解質燃料電池用電気化学触媒の製造方法 |
JP2010182635A (ja) * | 2009-02-09 | 2010-08-19 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池用担持触媒の製造方法 |
US9548501B2 (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2017-01-17 | The Research Foundation of State University Of New York Research Development Services, Binghamton University | Supported catalyst |
JP2013514172A (ja) * | 2009-12-17 | 2013-04-25 | ユーティーシー パワー コーポレイション | 担持触媒の処理方法 |
JP2011149042A (ja) * | 2010-01-20 | 2011-08-04 | Toyota Motor Corp | 白金−コバルト合金微粒子の製造方法 |
JP2016507876A (ja) * | 2013-02-05 | 2016-03-10 | ジョンソン、マッセイ、フュエル、セルズ、リミテッドJohnson Matthey Fuel Cells Limited | アノード触媒層の使用 |
US9947939B2 (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2018-04-17 | Johnson Matthey Fuel Cells Limited | Use of an anode catalyst layer |
US9947938B2 (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2018-04-17 | Johnson Matthey Fuel Cells Limited | Carbon monoxide-tolerant anode catalyst layer and methods of use thereof in proton exchange membrane fuel cells |
JP2019083198A (ja) * | 2013-02-05 | 2019-05-30 | ジョンソン、マッセイ、フュエル、セルズ、リミテッドJohnson Matthey Fuel Cells Limited | アノード触媒層の使用 |
US10938038B2 (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2021-03-02 | Johnson Matthey Fuel Cells Limited | Use of an anode catalyst layer |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1811594A1 (en) | 2007-07-25 |
JP4016077B2 (ja) | 2007-12-05 |
US20080280753A1 (en) | 2008-11-13 |
JPWO2006038676A1 (ja) | 2008-08-07 |
EP1811594A4 (en) | 2010-12-08 |
US8491697B2 (en) | 2013-07-23 |
EP1811594B1 (en) | 2012-07-04 |
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