JP5646345B2 - 1,5−ジアミノペンタンの発酵産生方法 - Google Patents
1,5−ジアミノペンタンの発酵産生方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5646345B2 JP5646345B2 JP2010543506A JP2010543506A JP5646345B2 JP 5646345 B2 JP5646345 B2 JP 5646345B2 JP 2010543506 A JP2010543506 A JP 2010543506A JP 2010543506 A JP2010543506 A JP 2010543506A JP 5646345 B2 JP5646345 B2 JP 5646345B2
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- lysine
- fermentation broth
- fermentation
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- KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiamine Chemical compound CC1=C(CCO)SCN1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019157 thiamine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011721 thiamine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004764 thiosulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011426 transformation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004102 tricarboxylic acid cycle Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012137 tryptone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940011671 vitamin b6 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
1. 好ましい実施形態
本発明は、DAP含有発酵ブロスからの1,5-ジアミノペンタン(DAP)の単離プロセスに関する。このプロセスでは、a)発酵ブロスをアルカリ化し、b)発酵ブロスを熱処理し、c)DAPを有機抽出剤で抽出し、そしてd)取り出された有機相からDAPを単離する。
2.1 微生物
本発明は、原理的には、任意のDAP含有発酵ブロスの後処理に適用可能である。また、原理的には、発酵で利用される微生物に関してなんの制限もない。後者は、天然に存在する微生物、突然変異および選択により改良された微生物、とくに組換えにより産生された微生物、たとえば菌類、とくに細菌でありうる。これらの微生物は、DAPおよび/もしくはDAP誘導体たとえばアセチル-DAPを直接産生しうるか、または少なくともリシンとくにL-リシンを発酵産生しうるかのいずれかである。より特定的には、利用される組換え細菌は、ジアミノピメリン酸経路(「DAP経路」)、スクシニラーゼ経路、またはデヒドロゲナーゼ経路を介してリシンを生合成することが可能である。
コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム(Corynebacterium glutamicum) ATCC 13032、
コリネバクテリウム・アセトグルタミカム(Corynebacterium acetoglutamicum) ATCC 15806、
コリネバクテリウム・アセトアシドフィラム(Corynebacterium acetoacidophilum) ATCC 13870、
コリネバクテリウム・サーモアミノゲネス(Corynebacterium thermoaminogenes) FERM BP-1539、
コリネバクテリウム・メラセコラ(Corynebacterium melassecola) ATCC 17965、
もしくは
ブレビバクテリウム(Brevibacterium)属の株、たとえば、
ブレビバクテリウム・フラバム(Brevibacterium flavum) ATCC 14067、
ブレビバクテリウム・ラクトファーメンタム(Brevibacterium lactofermentum) ATCC 13869、および
ブレビバクテリウム・ディバリカタム(Brevibacterium divaricatum) ATCC 14020、
またはそれらに由来する株、たとえば、
コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム(Corynebacterium glutamicum) KFCC10065、
コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム(Corynebacterium glutamicum) ATCC21608
である。
本発明に従って後処理される発酵ブロスは、たとえば、組換えコリネ型細菌の培養に由来する。この組換えコリネ型細菌は、リシン生合成を促進しかつ少なくとも1つのリシン生合成遺伝子に影響を及ぼすデレギュレート介入を介して、リシンとくにL-リシンもしくはリシン含有混合物の産生を増大させ、かつ/またはリシンデカルボキシラーゼ活性を有する酵素の追加的過剰発現ならびにDAPおよび/もしくはアセチル-DAPの蓄積を行う。したがって、後者は、DAPを直接産生することが可能である。
次に、公知の方法により、たとえば、回転式蒸発器、薄膜式蒸発器、流下膜式蒸発器を用いて、逆浸透により、またはナノ濾過により、発酵ブロスを濃厚化または濃縮することが可能である。必要であれば、濃縮手順に基づいて沈澱させたものでありうる塩を、たとえば濾過または遠心分離により取り出すことが可能である。次に、この濃縮された発酵ブロスを本発明に係る方式で後処理してDAPを得ることが可能である。本発明に係る後処理のために、そのような濃縮手順が利用可能であるが、絶対に必要であるというわけではない。
それ自体公知のDAP産生株のストック培養物(本明細書で明示的に参照される国際公開第2007/113127号パンフレットの14頁の実施例2を参照されたい)(-80℃で貯蔵)から細胞のアリコートを取得し、ペトリ皿中の固体培地(特定の培地組成(表2参照))上に画線し(培養物1)、次に、30℃で72時間インキュベートした。このようにして得られた細胞を濃度0.9%のNaCl溶液中に入れ、ペトリ皿中の固体培地上に再び画線し(培養物2)、次に、30℃でさらに24時間インキュベートした。次に、接種ループを用いてペトリ皿(培養物2)から細胞を採取して、2つのバッフルを有する2Lシェーカーフラスコ中の200ml(プレート培地およびバッチ培地に類似した組成)に接種し、そしてオービタルシェーカーを用いて250rpmおよび30℃で24時間インキュベートした。
a) 熱処理および抽出手順(単一バッチ)
NaOHでpH13.5に調整された750kg(670L)の無細胞発酵ブロスを1m3ステンレス鋼タンクに充填した。反応器内容物を還流温度(約103℃)に加熱して5時間還流した。プロセスで生成されたアンモニア含有排ガスをガス洗浄器(洗浄液としての水を使用)に通して捕集した。60℃に冷却した後、140kgのn-ブタノールを供給導入し、続いて60℃で15分間攪拌し、そして混合物を2時間静置した。相分離後、下側水性相を1m3容器内に排出した。有機相を他の容器内に捕集した。いずれの場合も35Lの脱イオン水を添加した後、いずれの場合も140kgのn-ブタノールを用いて水性相を60℃でさらに2回抽出した。
塔(理論段数4段)に取り付けられた1m3ステンレス鋼タンクに抽出(サブ工程a)からの合わせた有機相の900kgの初期仕込みを行った。水/n-BuOHを留去しながら、さらなる1400kgの抽出溶液を一定体積で供給導入した。次に、圧力を200mbarに低下させ、360kgの底部生成物が残留した状態になるまで混合物を蒸留した。
種々の時間点で底部バルブを介して二相サンプルを取り出して脱混合後ただちに相を分離することにより、本発明に従って調製された有機DAP抽出物の分配平衡の確立について60℃で強力に攪拌しながら2.5L反応器内で調べた。所要のサンプル静置時間に起因するある程度の不正確さにも関わらず、分配は、非常に迅速に起こると結論付けることが可能である。すなわち、15秒後に、サンプルは、5分後に見いだされたDAPの98.5%を有していた。したがって、15分間の追加の撹拌を行えば十分であるとみなすことが可能である。
三段ビームアジテーターと4つのバッフルとを有する2.5L二重壁ジャケット反応器内で相分離速度を調べた。
プロデューサー生物は、形成されたDAPの一部分を2つのアミノ基のいずれかにおいて追加的にアセチル化することが観測された。
いずれの場合も、本発明に従って調製されたpH13.0の発酵ブロス300mlを、インペラー撹拌機付き0.75L二重壁ジャケット反応器内で、60℃で3回、熱処理後に、いずれの場合も100mlのn-BuOH(水飽和)と共に350rpmで攪拌した後、抽出した。結果を表5にまとめる。
いずれの場合も、本発明に従って調製された2kgの発酵ブロスにDAPを添加してDAP含有率を10%に増加させ、NaOHを添加することによりpHを11.0、12.0、または13.5に調整した。いずれの場合も、60℃で150gの水飽和n-BuOHで5回抽出することにより、分配係数を決定した。分析により決定された水性相および有機相のDAP含有率ならびに分配係数を表6に列挙する。
0.75L二重壁ジャケット反応器内で、いずれの場合も、高AcDAP含有率を有する本発明に従って調製された500gの発酵ブロスを濃度50%のNaOHの添加により所望のpHに調整し、そして還流温度に加熱した。0.5、1、2、および4時間後、サンプルを採取して定量的HPLCにより測定した。結果を表7にまとめる。
本発明に従って調製された約4.1重量%のDAP含有率を有する130gの抽出相に、70gの水飽和ブタノール中の7.2gのアジピン酸の溶液を25〜30℃で滴下した。反応混合物を3℃に冷却し、固形分を濾別し、そして窒素ストリーム中で一晩乾燥させた。これにより12.7gの白色固体を得た。この固体は、13C-NMRによりアジピン酸とDAPとの1:1混合物であると特徴付けられた。
Claims (25)
- a)発酵ブロスをpH>11に調整することによりアルカリ化し、b)前記アルカリ化発酵ブロスを熱処理し、c)DAPを有機抽出剤で抽出し、そしてd)取り出された有機相からDAPを単離する、DAP含有発酵ブロスからの1,5-ジアミノペンタン(DAP)の単離プロセスであって、前記ステップb)の熱処理を、アセチル-DAPの加水分解切断を引き起こす条件下で、前記抽出ステップc)における相分離を補助するのに十分な時間行う、上記プロセス。
- pHがpH≧12に調整される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記pHを、アルカリ金属水酸化物またはアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を添加することにより調整する、請求項1または2に記載のプロセス。
- 前記アルカリ化された発酵ブロスを、還流温度に加熱することにより熱処理する、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記還流温度が、大気圧で90〜110℃の範囲の温度に相当する、請求項4に記載のプロセス。
- アルカリ化発酵ブロスが、少なくとも0.5時間熱処理される、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- DAPを双極性プロトン性有機溶媒で抽出する、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記抽出剤がアルカノールまたはシクロアルカノールである、請求項7に記載のプロセス。
- 前記抽出および/または後続の相分離を高温で行う、請求項7および8のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 細胞成分をアルカリ化前に前記発酵ブロスから除去する、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記抽出工程のDAP含有相を蒸留により精製するか、またはDAPをそれから沈澱させる、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記発酵ブロスが、複合培地成分を含む培養培地中での微生物の発酵に由来する、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- リシン産生条件下でリシン産生微生物を培養し、形成されたDAPを、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載のプロセスを適用することにより単離する、DAPの発酵産生プロセス。
- DAP産生条件下でリシン産生微生物を培養する、請求項13に記載のプロセス。
- 前記発酵を、複合培地成分を含む培養培地中で行う、請求項13または14に記載のプロセス。
- 前記リシン産生微生物がリシンデカルボキシラーゼ活性を含む、請求項13〜15のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記リシン産生微生物が異種リシンデカルボキシラーゼを含む、請求項16に記載のプロセス。
- 前記リシン産生微生物が異種リシンデカルボキシラーゼ遺伝子を含む、請求項16および17のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- リシンを脱カルボキシル化してDAPを得るために、前記リシン含有発酵ブロスをリシンデカルボキシラーゼと接触させる、請求項13〜15のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- リシンデカルボキシラーゼが固定されている、請求項19に記載のプロセス。
- 最初に、請求項1〜20のいずれか1項に記載のプロセスによりDAPモノマーの発酵産生および単離を行い、次に、少なくとも1つのさらなるコモノマーと一緒に重合を行う、DAP含有ポリマーの調製プロセス。
- 前記コモノマーが、ポリイソシアネートおよびポリカルボン酸、ならびにそれらの塩、エステル、およびアンヒドリドの中から選択される、請求項21に記載のプロセス。
- 前記単離されたDAPに少なくとも1つのコモノマーを添加するか、またはDAPとDAP沈殿からの少なくとも1つのコモノマーとの混合物を利用する、請求項21または22に記載のプロセス。
- 前記DAP/コモノマー混合物が請求項11に記載の塩析沈殿により生成される、請求項23に記載のプロセス。
- 前記コモノマーがポリカルボン酸である、請求項24に記載のプロセス。
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