JP5559692B2 - 固定床反応器、およびそれを用いたアクリル酸の製造方法 - Google Patents
固定床反応器、およびそれを用いたアクリル酸の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5559692B2 JP5559692B2 JP2010529725A JP2010529725A JP5559692B2 JP 5559692 B2 JP5559692 B2 JP 5559692B2 JP 2010529725 A JP2010529725 A JP 2010529725A JP 2010529725 A JP2010529725 A JP 2010529725A JP 5559692 B2 JP5559692 B2 JP 5559692B2
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- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 46
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 46
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 183
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 35
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 108
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 91
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 44
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 35
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 30
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 27
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012041 precatalyst Substances 0.000 description 9
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
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- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAYGUHUYDMLJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-Z decaazanium;dioxido(dioxo)tungsten;hydron;trioxotungsten Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XAYGUHUYDMLJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-Z 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical group [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 2
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical group [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical group [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methyl 4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylate;chloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=N1 RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011133 lead Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical group [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011135 tin Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical group [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 steatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical group [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/27—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation
- C07C45/32—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen
- C07C45/33—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of CHx-moieties
- C07C45/34—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of CHx-moieties in unsaturated compounds
- C07C45/35—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of CHx-moieties in unsaturated compounds in propene or isobutene
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- B01J19/30—Loose or shaped packing elements, e.g. Raschig rings or Berl saddles, for pouring into the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
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- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
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- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
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- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/16—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation
- C07C51/21—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen
- C07C51/23—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of oxygen-containing groups to carboxyl groups
- C07C51/235—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of oxygen-containing groups to carboxyl groups of —CHO groups or primary alcohol groups
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- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
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- B01J2219/00247—Fouling of the reactor or the process equipment
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- B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
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- B01J2219/30265—Spiral
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Description
開口率=開口の面積/開口を含む外周面の面積
MoaBibFecX1dX2eX3fX4gOx (I)
(ここで、Moはモリブデン、Biはビスマス、Feは鉄、X1はコバルトおよびニッケルよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素、X2はアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、ホウ素およびタリウムよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素、X3はタングステン、ケイ素、アルミニウム、ジルコニウムおよびチタンよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素、X4はリン、テルル、アンチモン、スズ、セリウム、鉛、ニオブ、マンガン、砒素および亜鉛よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素、Oは酸素を表し、またa、b、c、d、e、f、gおよびxはそれぞれMo、Bi、Fe、X1、X2、X3、X4およびOの原子比を表し、a=12のとき、b=0.1〜10、c=0.1〜20、d=2〜20、e=0.001〜10、f=0〜30、g=0〜4であり、xは各元素の酸化状態によって定まる数値である。)
MohViWjY1kY2lY3mY4nOy (II)
(ここで、Moはモリブデン、Vはバナジウム、Wはタングステン、Y1はアンチモン、ビスマス、クロム、ニオブ、リン、鉛、亜鉛、コバルト、ニッケルおよびスズよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素、Y2は銅および鉄よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素、Y3はアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属およびタリウムよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素、Y4はケイ素、アルミニウム、チタン、ジルコニウム、イットリウム、ロジウムおよびセリウムよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素、Oは酸素を表し、またh、i、j、k、l、m、nおよびyはそれぞれMo、V、W、Y1、Y2、Y3、Y4およびOの原子比を表し、h=12のとき、i=2〜14、j=0〜12、k=0〜5、l=0.01〜6、m=0〜5、n=0〜10であり、yは各元素の酸化状態によって定まる数値である。)
プロピレン転化率(モル%)=(反応したプロピレンのモル数/供給したプロピレンのモル数)×100
アクリル酸収率(モル%)=(生成したアクリル酸のモル数/供給したプロピレンのモル数)×100
(1−1)前段触媒1の調製
蒸留水2000部を加熱しながら攪拌し、そこにモリブデン酸アンモニウム500部およびパラタングステン酸アンモニウム63.7部を溶解した(A液)。別に500部の蒸留水に硝酸コバルト295.4部を溶解した(B液)。さらに別途、350部の蒸留水に濃硝酸(65質量%)30部を加えて酸性とした溶液に、硝酸第二鉄114.4部および硝酸ビスマス229部を溶解した(C液)。A液にB液とC液とを滴下し、引き続き、硝酸カリウム2.4部を50部の蒸留水に溶解した液を加え、さらに、シリカゾル(20質量%)177部を加え、懸濁液を得た。得られた懸濁液を加熱および攪拌し、溶媒を蒸発させ、得られた乾燥物を200℃で乾燥後に粉砕し、外径6mm、内径2mm、長さ6mmの筒形状に成型した。得られた成形体を空気流通下460℃で8時間焼成し、前段触媒1を得た。この前段触媒の酸素以外の金属組成は原子比で次のとおりであった。
Mo12Bi2.0Fe1.2Co4.3K0.1W1.0Si2.5
蒸留水2000部を加熱しながら攪拌し、そこにパラモリブデン酸アンモニウム350部、メタバナジン酸アンモニウム96.6部、パラタングステン酸アンモニウム26.8部を溶解した。別に蒸留水200部を加熱しながら攪拌し、硝酸銅63.9部を溶解した。得られた2つの水溶液を混合し、さらに三酸化アンチモン28.9部を添加し、懸濁液を得た。この懸濁液を、蒸発乾固してケーキ状の固形物とし、得られた固形物を、380℃で約5時間焼成した。焼成後の固形物を250μm以下に粉砕し、触媒粉体を得た。遠心流動コーティング装置に平均粒径5mmのα−アルミナ球形担体1150部を投入し、次いで、結合剤として10質量%の硝酸アンモニウム水溶液と共に触媒粉体を、90℃の熱風を通しながら投入して、担体に担持させた。それを引き続き、空気雰囲気下400℃で6時間熱処理をして後段触媒1を得た。この触媒の担持率は、約32質量%であり、担体および酸素を除く金属元素の組成は原子比で以下のとおりであった。
Mo12V5.0W0.6Cu1.6Sb1.2
担持率は、下記式により求めた。
担持率(質量%)=(触媒の質量(g)−用いた担体の質量(g))/用いた担体の質量(g)×100
全長6000mm、内径25mmの鋼鉄製反応管およびこれを覆う熱媒体を流すためのシェルからなる反応器を鉛直方向に用意した。なお、シェルの下から3000mmの位置にシェルを上下に分割する厚さ30mmの仕切り板を設け、上方および下方の空間部のいずれにおいても熱媒体を下方から上方に流した。反応管上部から前段触媒1、不活性物質、および後段触媒1をこの順に落下させ、反応管に下から順に前段触媒1の層長2800mm、不活性物質の層長400mm、および後段触媒1の層長2800mmとなるように充填した。不活性物質には、外径7.5mm、内径6.5mm、長さ7.0mmで、周面に直径3.0mmの開口を1つ持つSUS410製の筒形状のものを用いた。
実験例1において、不活性物質として、外径7.0mm、内径6.5mm、長さ7.0mmで、周面に直径4.0mmの開口を2つ持つSUS410製の筒形状のものを用いた以外は、実験例1と同様にして気相接触酸化を行った。反応結果を表1に示す。
実験例1において、不活性物質として、外径6.0mm、内径5.5mm、長さ5.5mm、周面に直径4.0mmの開口を3つ持つSUS410製の筒形状のものを用いた以外は、実験例1と同様にして気相接触酸化を行った。反応結果を表1に示す。
実験例1において、不活性物質として、外径7.0mm、内径6.5mm、長さ6.0mm、周面に直径4.8mmの開口を4つ持つSUS410製の筒形状のものを用いた以外は、実験例1と同様にして気相接触酸化を行った。反応結果を表1に示す。
実験例1において、不活性物質として、外径6.0mm、内径5.0mm、長さ6.0mm、周面に直径3.0mmの開口を4つ持つセラミックス製の筒形状のものを用いた以外は、実験例1と同様にして気相接触酸化を行った。反応結果を表1に示す。
実験例1において、不活性物質として、外径6.0mm、内径5.0mm、長さ5.5mm、周面に直径4.5mmの開口を4つ持つSUS410製の筒形状のものを用いた以外は、実験例1と同様にして気相接触酸化を行った。反応結果を表1に示す。
実験例1において、不活性物質として、外径7.0mm、内径6.5mm、長さ7.0mm、周面に直径1.8mmの開口を2つ持つSUS410製の筒形状のものを用いた以外は、実験例1と同様にして気相接触酸化を行った。反応結果を表1に示す。
実験例2において、不活性物質として、外径7.0mm、内径6.5mm、長さ7.0mmで、周面に開口のないSUS410製の筒形状のものを用いた以外は、実験例2と同様にして気相接触酸化を行った。反応結果を表1に示す。周面に開口のない筒形状の不活性物質を用いた実験例8では、同じ触媒を用いた実験例1〜7よりも、アクリル酸収率が低下し、圧力損失の増加分も大きくなった。
(9−1)前段触媒2および3の調製
蒸留水2000部を加熱攪拌しつつモリブデン酸アンモニウム500部およびパラタングステン酸アンモニウム51部を溶解した(A液)。別に500部の蒸留水に硝酸コバルト240.4部および硝酸ニッケル151部を溶解させ(B液)、さらに別途、350部の蒸留水に濃硝酸(65質量%)30部を加えて酸性とした溶液に硝酸第二鉄152.6部および硝酸ビスマス206部を溶解させた(C液)。A液にこれらの硝酸塩溶液(B液、C液)を滴下した。引き続き、硝酸カリウム1.9部を50部の蒸留水に溶解した液を加えた。このようにして得られた懸濁液を、撹拌しながら加熱して、溶媒を蒸発させ、得られた乾燥物を200℃で乾燥後に粉砕し、外径6mm、内径2mm、長さ6mmのリング状に成型した。得られた成形体を空気流通下460℃で8時間焼成し、前段触媒2を得た。同様に、外径8mm、内径3mm、長さ7mmの前段触媒3を得た。これら前段触媒の酸素以外の金属組成は原子比で次のとおりであった。
Mo12Bi1.8Fe1.6Co3.5Ni2.2K0.08W0.8
蒸留水2000部を加熱しながら攪拌し、そこにパラモリブデン酸アンモニウム350部、メタバナジン酸アンモニウム106.3部、パラタングステン酸アンモニウム44.6部を溶解した。別に蒸留水200部を加熱しながら攪拌し、そこに硝酸銅71.9部を溶解した。得られた2つの水溶液を混合し、そこに三酸化アンチモン36.1部を添加し、懸濁液を得た。この懸濁液を、蒸発乾固してケーキ状の固形物とし、得られた固形物を、380℃で約5時間焼成した。焼成後の固形物を250μm以下に粉砕し、触媒粉体を得た。遠心流動コーティング装置に平均粒径5mmのα−アルミナ球形担体1250部を投入し、次いで、結合剤として10質量%の硝酸アンモニウム水溶液と共に触媒粉体を、90℃の熱風を通しながら投入して、担体に担持させた。それを引き続き、空気雰囲気下400℃で6時間熱処理をして後段触媒2を得た。同様に平均粒径8mmのα−アルミナ球形担体を用いて後段触媒3を得た。これら触媒の担持率は、約32質量%であり、担体および酸素を除く金属元素の組成は原子比で以下のとおりであった。
Mo12V5.5W1.0Cu1.8Sb1.5
全長6000mm、内径25mmの鋼鉄製反応管およびこれを覆う熱媒体を流すためのシェルからなる反応器を鉛直方向に用意した。なお、シェルの下から3000mmの位置にシェルを上下に分割する厚さ30mmの仕切り板を設け、上方および下方の空間部のいずれにおいても熱媒体を下方から上方に流した。反応管上部から前段触媒3、前段触媒2、不活性物質、後段触媒3および後段触媒2をこの順に落下させ、反応管に下から順に前段触媒3の層長800mm、前段触媒2の層長200mm、不活性物質の層長400mm、後段触媒3の層長700mmおよび後段触媒2の層長2100mmとなるように充填した。不活性物質には、外径7.0mm、内径6.5mm、長さ7.0mmで、周面に直径4.0mmの開口を2つ持つSUS410製の筒形状のものを用いた。
実験例9において、不活性物質として、外径7.0mm、内径6.5mm、長さ7.0mmで、周面に開口のないSUS410製の筒形状のものを用いた以外は、実験例8と同様にして気相接触酸化を行った。反応結果を表1に示す。周面に開口のない筒形状の不活性物質を用いた実験例10では、同じ触媒を用いた実験例9よりも、アクリル酸収率が低下し、圧力損失の増加分も大きくなった。
反応管本数8,500本(反応管径25mm、管長6000mm)およびこれを覆う熱媒体を流すためのシェルからなる固定床式多管熱交換型反応器に、その反応管上部から前段触媒3、前段触媒2、不活性物質、後段触媒3および後段触媒2をこの順に落下させ、反応管に下から順に前段触媒3の層長800mm、前段触媒2の層長200mm、不活性物質の層長400mm、後段触媒3の層長700mmおよび後段触媒2の層長2100mmとなるように充填した。不活性物質には、外径7.0mm、内径6.5mm、長さ7.0mm、周面に直径4.0mmの開口を2つ持つSUS410製の筒形状のものを用いた。なお、シェルの下から3000mmの位置にシェルを上下に分割する厚さ50mmの仕切り板を設け、上方および下方の空間部のいずれにおいても熱媒体を下方から上方に流した。
2. 内径
3. 長さ
4. 周面の開口
Claims (6)
- プロピレンからアクロレインを製造するための前段触媒が充填された前段触媒層と、
アクロレインからアクリル酸を製造するための後段触媒が充填された後段触媒層と、
前記前段触媒と前記後段触媒層との間に、不活性物質が充填された不活性物質層とを有し、
前記不活性物質が、開口が形成された周面を有する筒形状であり、筒形状の内周面より内側および外周面より外側に構造物が存在しないことを特徴とする固定床反応器。 - 前記筒形状の周面は、0.04以上0.60以下の下記開口率を有する請求項1に記載の固定床反応器。
開口率=開口の面積/開口を含む外周面の面積 - 前記筒形状の断面形状が略円形である請求項1または2に記載の固定床反応器。
- 前記筒形状は、外径が3.0mm以上10.0mm以下であり、軸方向の長さが前記外径の0.5倍以上2.0倍以下であり、内径が前記外径の0.5倍以上0.95倍以下である請求項3に記載の固定床反応器。
- 前記不活性物質がステンレス製である請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の固定床反応器。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の固定床反応器を用いて、プロピレンからアクリル酸を製造することを特徴とするアクリル酸の製造方法。
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