JP5498020B2 - 崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤 - Google Patents
崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5498020B2 JP5498020B2 JP2008548932A JP2008548932A JP5498020B2 JP 5498020 B2 JP5498020 B2 JP 5498020B2 JP 2008548932 A JP2008548932 A JP 2008548932A JP 2008548932 A JP2008548932 A JP 2008548932A JP 5498020 B2 JP5498020 B2 JP 5498020B2
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- oil
- tablet
- disintegratable
- fillable
- tablets
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- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、そのような液体製剤を含む錠剤、ならびにその製造方法を提供するものでもある。
しかしながら、この明細書に記載の実施例で示されるように、現実はもっと複雑であることが分かった。かくして、例えば液体組成物で充填された多孔性の錠剤の崩壊時間は、用いられる液体の個々のタイプに極めて大きく依存しており、錠剤の湿潤を促進する1種以上の親水性物質と任意に組み合わさったスーパー崩壊剤を含む崩壊剤の使用は、液体組成物の手段により多孔性錠剤中に充填された活性物質の放出速度に顕著な影響を及ぼしているようである。
すべての場合に、活性物質は液体の形態になければならない。活性物質自体が液体であってもよく、あるいは錠剤を活性物質で充填する前に適当な媒体中に分散もしくは溶解していてもよい。
i) 十分な量の医薬的に許容される液体製剤を吸収し、
ii) 錠剤の表面から液体製剤が滲み出ないで、吸収された量を保管期間中、維持し、そして
iii) インビトロ溶出試験に付されたとき、そして/またはヒトを含む動物のような対象に経口投与されたときに、活性物質を放出する
という性能を有することである。
かくして、本発明は、
i) ガス吸着により測定された比表面積(BET表面積)が少なくとも50 m2/g である吸収材料またはそのような吸収材料の混合物を少なくとも60% w/w、および
ii) 崩壊剤または崩壊剤の混合物
を含む圧縮された形態の充填可能な崩壊性の錠剤であって、
a) 45容量%以上の多孔度、
b) 少なくとも20ニュートンの硬度、および
c) 少なくとも30%の液体物質または液体組成物を充填する能力
を有する、圧縮された形態にある錠剤に関するものである。
「充填能力」という語は、後記の実施例1で定義されている。
この明細書の中で、「不活性な錠剤」という語は、治療的効果に関して一般に不活性であると考えられている成分だけを含む錠剤を意味するのに用いられている。
より詳しくは、そのような錠剤は、充填剤、希釈剤、結合剤、滑沢剤、潤滑剤などからなる群から選択される医薬的に許容される賦形剤、例えば、pH調整剤、緩衝剤、エンハンサー、湿潤剤、可溶化剤、界面活性剤、抗酸化剤などの添加剤を含む。
重要な観点の1つは、液体が一旦吸収されると、それが錠剤中に留まるということである。したがって、液体で充填した錠剤20個の平均重量の変動は、例えば少なくとも3か月間、少なくとも6か月間、あるいは少なくとも1年間のように、少なくとも1か月間、常温で保管したとき、例えば多くても± 7.5%、多くても± 5%、多くても± 2.5%あるいは多くても± 1%のように、多くても± 10%である。
しかしながら、少なくとも一つの吸収材料は錠剤に45容量%以上の多孔度を与えるという点に合致した性質を有しており、かつこの吸収材料は得られる錠剤が所期の多孔度を有するのに十分な量で存在するということが、重要である。
この目的のために、本発明者らは、吸収材料が、多くとも50重量%のラクトース、または例えばEmcompress のような直接打錠に用いられる医薬的に許容されるその他の賦形剤とともに錠剤に成形され、かつ得られる錠剤が45容量%以上の多孔度を有していれば、かかる医薬的に許容される賦形剤は本発明で用いられるのに適しているということを見出した。ラクトースの質は、直接打錠用である。
具体的な態様において、上記の比表面積は、例えば150 m2/g 以上、200 m2/g 以上、250 m2/g 以上、300 m2/g 以上、350 m2/g 以上、あるいは400 m2/g 以上のように、約100 m2/g 以上の大きさである。
上記の金属は、ナトリウム、カリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、亜鉛、アルミニウム、チタンおよび珪素からなる群から選択される。
シリケート類は次の群に分けられる。
・緑粘度タイプの膨潤性クレイ、例えばベントナイト、ビーガム、ラポナイト
・含水アルミニウムシリケートまたはアルカリ金属。ノイシリンはこのグループに属し、合成的な重合に基づいている(メタ珪酸アルミニウムマグネシウム)。
・非多孔性のコロイダルシリカ、例えばAerosil (蒸発シリカ)
・多孔性のシリカゲル、例えばSyloid、Porasil、Lichrosorp
・その他、例えばZeopharm S170、Zeopharm 6000、Aeroperl 300
上記の炭酸金属塩のあるものは、後記の発泡崩壊性錠剤の製剤化に用いるのに特に適している。
しかしながら、これらの物質は十分な多孔性を与えるには効果が劣るようである。その例は、セルロース、微結晶性セルロース、Celphere、多孔性セルロースビーズを含むセルロース誘導体;セルロースアセテートCelluflow TA-25およびセルロースCelluflow C-25、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース (HPMC)、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース (HPC)、メチルセルロース、エチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、ヒドロキシエチルセルロースなどを含む。
特別の態様において、本発明による錠剤は、ヨーロッパ薬局方に従って試験したときに、最大90秒のように、最大60秒のように、最大45秒のように、最大35秒のように、最大30秒のように、最大25秒のように、最大でも120秒の崩壊時間を有する。
この目的のために、治療的、予防的および/または診断的に活性な物質の少なくとも33%のような、少なくとも50重量%のような、少なくとも25%が、米国薬局方による溶出試験法により測定したときに30分以内に放出され、そして/または治療的、予防的および/または診断的に活性な物質の少なくとも80重量%が、米国薬局方による溶出試験法により測定したときに45分以内に放出される。
本発明で用いるのに適した親水性物質の例は、例えば糖および糖アルコールおよびポリオールである。好適な糖の具体的な例は、グルコース、フルクトース、ショ糖、マルトース、キシロース、ソルボース、マルチトース、ラフィノースおよびラクトースを含む。
充填可能な錠剤は、錠剤の製造に通常用いられるようなその他の医薬的に許容される賦形剤ももちろん含むことができる。
本発明による組成物または固形の投与形態は、異なった目的に使用され得るので、賦形剤の選択はそのような異なった使用目的を考慮に入れて行なわれる。
担体組成物中の抗酸化剤および/または安定化剤の濃度は、通常、約0.1重量%〜約5重量%である。
i)例えばポリエチレングリコールの脂肪酸モノ−もしくはジエステル、または例えばポリエチレングリコールとラウリン酸、オレイン酸、ステアリン酸、ミリスチン酸、リシノレイン酸とのモノ−もしくはジエステルのようなそれらの混合物のようなポリエトキシル化された脂肪酸であり、上記のポリエチレングリコールはPEG 4、PEG 5、PEG 6、PEG 7、PEG 8、PEG 9、PEG 10、PEG 12、PEG 15、PEG 20、PEG 25、PEG 30、PEG 32、PEG 40、PEG 45、PEG 50、PEG 55、PEG 100、PEG 200、PEG 400、PEG 600、PEG 800、PEG 1000、PEG 2000、PEG 3000、PEG 4000、PEG 5000、PEG 6000、PEG 7000、PEG 8000、PEG 9000、PEG 1000、PEG 10,000、PEG 15,000、PEG 20,000、PEG 35,000から選択され得る;
iii)グリセロール、プロピレングリコール、エチレングリコール、PEGまたはソルビトールの、例えば水素添加ひまし油、アーモンド油、パーム核油、ひまし油、あんず核油、オリーブ油、ピーナッツ油、水素添加パーム核油などの例えば植物油とのエステル;
v)例えば、プロピレングリコールモノラウレート、プロピレングリコールリシノレートなどのようなプロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル;
vii)ステロールおよびステロール誘導体;
viii) 上記の種々の分子量を有するPEGのエステルのようなポリエチレングリコールソルビタン脂肪酸エステル(PEG-ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル) 、および種々のツイーン(商標)シリーズ;
x)例えばショ糖モノパルミテートおよびショ糖モノラウレートのような糖エステル;
xi)例えばトリトン(商標)XまたはNシリーズのような ポリエチレングリコールアルキルフェノール;
xv)例えば脂肪酸塩、胆汁酸塩、リン脂質、燐酸エステル、カルボキシレート、スルフェートおよびスルホネートなどのような、カチオン性、アニオン性および両イオン性界面活性剤を含むイオン性界面活性剤。
上記の錠剤は、それらが(充填された固形の投与形態の全重量に基づいて)例えば約25重量%以上、約30重量%以上のような、約20重量%以上の濃度で、医薬的に許容される液体製剤が充填され得るように設計されている。したがって、もう一つの観点において、本発明はそのような錠剤にも関する。
液体製剤の充填に関する臨界的なパラメータは、該液体製剤の粘度である。充填は、例えば、液体を入れた適当な容器中に錠剤を置くとか、あるいはコーティングパン、孔あき容器または流動床のような通常のコーティング装置のような適当な装置中で錠剤に液体を噴霧するなど、いずれの可能な方法によっても行なうことができる。
そのような油または油様物質は、水、植物油、水素添加された植物油および動物油からなる群から選択され得る。
ある状況の下では、ポリエチレングリコールは、約35,000〜約100,000の分子量を有するものが用いられる。
その例は、ポロキサマー188、ポロキサマー237、ポロキサマー338またはポロキサマー407、あるいはPluronic((商標)および/またはTetronic(商標)シリーズのようなエチレンオキサイドとプロピレンオキサイドとのその他のブロックコポリマーを含む。
好ましい例は、Pluronic(商標)F38、P65、P68LF、P75、F77、P84、P85、F87、F88, F98、P103、P104、P105、F108、P123、F123、F127、10R8、 17R8、25R5、25R8などを含む。
上記で示された粘度は、室温でペーストである物質については60 ℃で、室温で固体である物質については77 ℃で測定したときの値である。
その上、活性物質を実質的に即時にあるいは変更されたやり方で放出するように、錠剤をデザインすることもできる。
発泡錠の崩壊製剤原理
高度に親油性の環境では、崩壊剤の膨潤性が低下するため、さらなる崩壊剤か賦形剤のどちらかが用いられるか、あるいは他の崩壊原理が適用される。
後者は、ゲルが比較的低い水溶解度を有する溶解層をもたらすので、ゲル化剤とともに重要である。発泡は、二酸化炭素の内部放出により、崩壊性を低下させるかもしれない。発泡錠剤は、炭酸金属塩と酸の源との組合せに基づいている。炭酸金属塩は、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素カリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸カルシウムおよびセスキ炭酸ナトリウムのようなものである。
錠剤が酸性の胃液中で溶解し、炭酸金属塩と反応したときに、発泡効果が体内で得られるので、酸成分は錠剤中で除くこともできるだろう。
錠剤は、例えば即時放出もしくは調節された放出用のフィルムコーティング、腸溶性コーティング、放出調節コーティング、保護コーティング、抗付着性コーティングなどでコーティングされていてもよい。
可塑剤およびその他の成分をコーティング物質中に加えてもよい。同じもしくは異なった活性物質がコーティング物質中に加えられてもよい。
本発明による脂質充填錠剤の疎水性表面は、水性溶媒または有機溶媒中で適用されるコーティングポリマーの付着を阻止するかもしれない。代替法として、通常のコーティング装置を用いて、溶融形態で噴霧され、錠剤の表面で固化する、異なった親油性の溶融性脂質を用いる溶融コーティングが適している。
本発明において、治療的および/または予防的活性物質は、例えばヒトのような哺乳動物のような動物に対する機能を有する、生物学的および/または生理学的に活性ないかなる物質も含む。
具体的な例は、例えば次のものを含む。
例えば、ブロモクリプチン、ビペリジン、ベンゼキソール、ベンズトロピンなどのような抗パーキンソン剤;
例えば、イミプラミン、ノルトリプチリン、ピリチプチリンなどのような抗うつ剤;
例えば、メトクロプラミド、ドロペリドール、ハロペリドールプロメタジンなどのような制吐薬;
例えば、クロルフェニラミン、テルフェナジン、トリプロリジンなどのような抗ヒスタミン剤;
例えば、ニフェジピン、ジルチアゼムなどのような冠状動脈、大脳もしくは末梢血管拡張剤;
例えば、グリセリルナイトレート、イソソルビドジナイトレート、モルシドミン、ヴェラパミルなどのような狭心症薬;
例えば、エストラジオール、エストロン、エストリオール、ポリエストラジオール、ポリエストリオール、ジエネストロール、ジエチルスチルベストロール、プロゲステロン、ジヒドロプロゲステロン、シプロステロン、ダナゾール、テストステロンなどのようなホルモン剤;
例えば、ヘパリン、ワルファリンなどのような抗トロンビン薬;
例えば、ヒドロクロロチアジド、フルナリジン、ミノキシジルなどのような利尿剤;
例えば、プロパノロール、メトプロロール、クロニジン、ピンドロールなどのような抗高血圧薬;
例えば、エストラジオール、プロゲステロン、ノレシンドロン、レボノルゲストレール、エチノジオール、レボノルゲストロール、ノルゲスチメート、ゲスタニン、デソゲストレール、3-ケトン-デソゲステレール、デメゲストン、プロメトエストロール、テストステロン、スピロノラクトンおよびそれらのエステルなどのようなステロイド剤;
例えば、モルヒネ、ブプレノルフィン、オキシモルフォン、ヒドロモルフォン、コデイン、トラマドールなどのようなオピオイド;
例えば、ミノプロストール、ジノプロストン、カルボプロスト、エネプロスチルのようなPGA、PGB、PGEまたはPGFシリーズの一つなどのようなプロスタグランジン;
次のような処方箋薬も興味ある例である。
Zocor(商標)、Lipitor(商標)、Prevachol(商標)、Mevalotin(商標)、Mevacor(商標)、Lescol(商標)、TriCor(商標)、Norvasc(商標)、CozaarおよびHyzaar(商標)、PrinivilおよびPrinzide(商標)、Diovan(商標)/ Co-Diovan(商標)、Zestril(商標)、Vasotech(商標)およびVaseretic(商標)、Lotensin(商標)/ Cibacen(商標)およびLotrel(商標)、Adalat(商標)、Toprol-XL(商標)/ Seloken(商標)、Tritace(商標)/ Delix(商標)、Accupril(商標)およびAccuretic(商標)、Avapro(商標)およびAvalide(商標)、Plendil(商標)、Monopril(商標)、Blopress(商標)、Atacand(商標)、Tenormin(商標)、Avapro(商標)/ Aprovel(商標)、Coreg(商標)、Altace(商標)、Capoten(商標)、Plavix(商標)、Lovenox(商標)/ Clexane(商標)、Fraxiparine(商標)、ReoPro(商標)、Panaldine(商標)、Cordarone(商標)、
Paxil / Seroxat(商標)、Zolotoft(商標)、Prozac(商標)、Prozac Weekly(商標)およびSarafem(商標)、Effexor(商標)、Wellbutrin(商標)、Celexa(商標)、Remeron(商標)、Serzone(商標)、Zyprexa(商標)、Risperdal(商標)、Seroquel(商標)、Clozaril(商標)/Leponex(商標)、Neurontin(商標)、Depaktoke(商標)、Lamictal(商標)、Topamax(商標)、Tegretol(商標)、Imitrex(商標)/ Imigran(商標)、Zomig(商標)、Maxalt(商標)、Ambien(商標)、Stilnox(商標)、Ultane(商標)/ Sevorane(商標)、Diprivan(商標)、BuSpar(商標)、Xanax(商標)、Aricept(商標)、Memantine(商標)、Adderall(商標)、Dystonia(商標)、Botox(商標)、
Augmentin(商標)、Cipro(商標)/ Ciprobay(商標)、Zithromax(商標)、Biaxin(商標)、Levaquin(商標)およびFloxin(商標)、Rocephin(商標)、Primaxin(商標)、Ceftin(商標)/ Zinnat(商標)、Cravi(商標)、Zosyn(商標)/ Tazocin(商標)、Cefzil(商標)、Tequin(商標)、Tortaz(商標)/ Fortum(商標)、Combivir(商標)、Zerit(商標)、Valtrex(商標)、Epivir(商標)、Zovirax(商標)、Crixivan(商標)、Viracept(商標)、Viramune(商標)、Kaletra(商標)、Diflucan(商標)、Lamisil(商標)、Sporanox(商標)、
ClaritinAllegra(商標)、Telfast(商標)、Zyrtec(商標)、Flonase(商標)/ Flixonase(商標)、Atrovent(商標)、Nasonex(商標)、Rhinocort(商標)、Alesion(商標)、Singulair(商標)、Flovent(商標)/ Flixotide(商標)、Advair(商標)/ Seretide(商標)、Serevent(商標)、Pulmicort(商標)、Ventoline(商標)、Combivent(商標)、Synagis(商標)、Mucosolvan(商標)、
Prilosec(商標)/Losec(商標)、Prevacid(商標)、Gaster(商標)、Takepron(商標)、Zantac(商標)、Pantozol、Nexium、Protonix(商標)、Aciphex(商標)/Pariet(商標)、Pepcid(商標)、AxidR、Zoton(商標)、Zofran(商標)、
Taxol(商標)、Taxotere(商標)、Nolvadex(商標)、Herceptin、Ellence(商標)/ Pharmorubicin(商標)、Lupron(商標)、Zoladex(商標)、Leuplin(商標)、Casodex(商標)、Intron A(商標)、Peg-Intron(商標)およびRebertron(商標)、Rituxan(商標)、Gemzar(商標)、Paraplatin(商標)、Camptosar(商標)、
Celebrex(商標)、Vioxx(商標)、Enbrel(商標)、Remicade(商標)、Voltaren(商標)、Mobic(商標)、Duragesic(商標)、Ultram(商標)およびUltrcet(商標)、
血液障害治療薬:
Procrit(商標)/ Eprex(商標)、Epogen(商標)、Epogin(商標)、NeoRecormon(商標)、Neupogen(商標)、NovoSeven(商標)、
Glucophage(商標)、Humulin Avandia(商標)、Humalog(商標)、Actos(商標)、Amaryl(商標)、Glucovance(商標)、Glucophage XR(商標)、Glucotrol XL(商標)、Precose(商標)/ Glucobay(商標)、
骨代謝調節薬:
Fosamax(商標)、Evista(商標)、Miacalcin(商標)、ActoneRl、Aredia(商標)、
Harnal(商標)、Proscar(商標)、Cardura(商標)、Flomax(商標)、Detrol(商標)、
ホルモン剤
Premarin(商標)、Premphase(商標)およびprempro(商標)、Estraderm(商標)、Synthroid(商標)、
Neoral(商標)/ Sandimmun(商標)、CellCept、Rapamune(商標)、Tacrolimus 例えばPrograf(商標)、Medrol(商標)、
多発性硬化症薬:
Avonex(商標)、Betaseron(商標)/ Betaferon(商標)、Rebif(商標)、Copaxone(商標)、
生物薬:
Prevnar(商標)、Engerix-B(商標)、Infanrix(商標)、Gamimune N(商標)、
Viagra(商標)、
造影剤:
Iopamiron(商標)、Omnipaque(商標)、Magnevist(商標)、
眼薬:
Xalatan(商標)、Trusopt(商標)およびCosopt(商標)、
Accutane(商標)/ Roaccutan(商標)、Cleocin(商標)、
発育不良治療薬:
Genotropin(商標)、Humatrope(商標)、
不妊症薬:
Gonal-F(商標)、Follistim(Puregon(商標))、
Cerezyme(商標)、
肥満症薬:
Xencial(商標)、
末端肥大症薬:
Sandostatin(商標)、
避妊薬:
Depo-Provera(商標)、
本発明は、次の工程を含む錠剤の製造方法にも関するものである。
i) 任意に一つ以上の治療的、予防的および/または診断的に活性な物質を含む、本明細書中で定義された充填可能な崩壊性の錠剤を製造する。
ii)任意に一つ以上の治療的、予防的および/または診断的に活性な物質を含む請求項33-59のいずれかに定義された医薬的に許容される液体製剤を、充填可能な錠剤を医薬的に許容される液体製剤で飽和させるのに十分な時間をかけて、工程i)で得られた充填可能な錠剤に充填する。
図 1A は、実施例7に記載のように、ジェランガムを含む場合と含まない場合における、本発明による錠剤の溶解を示す。
図 1B は、実施例7に記載のように打錠前のマトリックスの溶解を示す。
図 2 は、99% ノイシリン US2 および1% ステアリン酸マグネシウムを含む、圧縮された充填可能な錠剤を示す。
方法
砕けやすさの試験
充填可能な圧縮錠剤の砕けやすさは、米国薬局方1216 錠剤砕けやすさ試験またはヨーロッパ薬局方2.9.7 素錠の砕けやすさ試験に従って試験することができる。
単位重量が650 mg 以下の錠剤について、6.5 g に相当する錠剤すべてをサンプルとする。単位重量が650 mg 以上の錠剤については10錠すべてをサンプルとする。試験前に錠剤のほこりを注意深く除去する。サンプル錠剤を正確に秤量し、錠剤をドラム中に入れる。およそ25 rpmでドラムを100 回まわし、錠剤を取り除く。固まっていないほこりを上記のようにして錠剤から取り除き、正確に秤量する。
しかしながら、本発明では、1.5%のような、2%のような、あるいは2.5%のような高い重量損失でも、錠剤の充填キャパシティが液体の再現可能な充填を許容するかぎり、充填可能な圧縮錠剤として許容される。
充填可能な錠剤の製造およびその性状
油吸収性の材料Aeroperl 300 (二酸化珪素、Degussa)、ノイシリン US2 (メタ珪酸マグネシウムアルミニウム、富士化学工業)、 Avicel (微結晶性セルロース、FMC) およびフジカリンSG、(二塩基性無水燐酸カルシウム、富士化学工業)に基づいて、6つの錠剤組成物が製造された。
ノイシリン US2 99%
ステアリン酸マグネシウム 1%
アビセル PH102 99%
ステアリン酸マグネシウム 1%
Aeroperl 300 80%
PEG 6000 19%
ステアリン酸マグネシウム 1%
Aeroperl 300 55%
アビセル PH 101 44%
ステアリン酸マグネシウム 1%
アビセル PH 102 99%
ステアリン酸マグネシウム 1%
フジカリン 99%
ステアリン酸マグネシウム 1%
錠剤をコーン油中に24 時間浸漬した。油の吸収は最初の時間内に完了した。
組成物5の錠剤を、シンバスタチン10% 溶解Imwitor 308、Sasol (グリセリルモノカプリレート)で充填した。油での充填は、Imwitor 308の融点(m.p. 35℃)以上の40 ℃に相当する温度で行なった。
崩壊時間は、Ac-di-sol を1%の濃度で添加することにより、充填前には15分間より短くなり、油を充填後は5時間に短縮された。
Ac-di-sol (クロスカルメロースナトリウム、 FMC)はスーパー崩壊剤であり、ノイシリンの油吸収キャパシティに影響を与えない。
充填前の錠剤の多孔度は、錠剤の密度ρtおよび構成要素の「真の密度」ρsに基づいて計算される。錠剤の多孔度εは、等式1に従って計算される。
コーン油の充填キャパシティの重量ベースでの上限は、次の等式2に従って計算される。
多孔性の錠剤は、液体の形態にある医薬物質または液体担体中に溶解もしくは分散した医薬物質を含む、油、エマルジョン、マイクロエマルジョン、および高温で液化された半固形物のような油状製剤用の担体として使用することができる。
油吸収キャパシティは、錠剤コアの多孔度により決まる。油は錠剤の孔を飽和近くまで満たす。
錠剤の崩壊時間は、即時放出性の錠剤および放出が調節されたマトリックス錠剤の製剤化に用いられる、通常の錠剤崩壊剤を添加することにより、調整することができる。
実施例2
錠剤コアの明細
ノイシリン US2 93 mg
ステアリン酸マグネシウム 1 mg
錠剤の平均硬度: 52 N
錠剤の直径: 8 mm (カンパウンドカップ)
単発式打錠機Diaf TM20で圧縮して錠剤とした。
タクロリムスをポリエチレングリコール400中に0.95%の濃度で溶解し、コーティング容器中、室温でノイシリンUS2コア錠剤に噴霧した。
充填された1 mg 錠剤の組成が表1に示される。充填された錠剤の重量200 mg およびビヒクル53重量%に相当する。
錠剤の平均硬度: 52 N
錠剤コアの明細
ノイシリン US2 198 mg
ステアリン酸マグネシウム 2 mg
錠剤の平均硬度: 42 N
錠剤の直径:10 mm (カンパウンドカップ)
単発式打錠機Diaf TM20で圧縮して錠剤とした。
溶融したImwitor 308 (グリセリルモノカプリレート)中にアトバスタチンを40℃で10 %の濃度に溶解し、コーティング容器中、35℃に加温したノイシリン US2 錠剤コアに噴霧した。ビヒクルを固化させるため、充填後、充填された錠剤を冷蔵庫中で冷却した。
充填された20 mg 錠剤の組成が表2に示される。充填された錠剤の重量400 mg およびビヒクル50重量%に相当する。
錠剤の平均硬度: 48 N
実施例4
錠剤コアの明細
ノイシリン US2 351 mg
ステアリン酸マグネシウム 2 mg
錠剤の平均硬度: 60 N
錠剤の形: 長円形の錠剤 9 x 19 mm
単発式打錠機Diaf TM20で圧縮して錠剤とした。
フェノフィブレートを、ポリエチレングリコール6000 およびポロキサマー188 (70:30)の溶融混合物中に80℃で35 %の濃度に溶解し、コーティング容器中で70℃に加熱されたノイシリンUS2錠剤コアに噴霧した。充填後、コーティング容器中で、錠剤をPEGおよびポロキサマーの融点(60℃) 以下に冷却した。
充填された145 mg 錠剤の組成が表3に示される。充填された錠剤の重量767 mg およびビヒクル54重量%の充填に相当する。
錠剤の平均硬度: 57 N
錠剤コアの明細
ノイシリン US2 84 mg
ステアリン酸マグネシウム 1 mg
錠剤の平均硬度: 42 N
錠剤の直径: 7 mm (コンパウンドカップ)
単発式打錠機Diaf TM20で圧縮して錠剤とした。
充填された錠剤の明細(10 mg シンバスタチン)
充填された10 mg 錠剤の組成が表4に示される。充填された錠剤の重量185 mg およびビヒクル54重量%の充填に相当する。
実施例6
ノイシリン錠剤のViscoleo (中鎖グリセライド)での充填
錠剤化工程
単発式打錠機Diaf TM20で圧縮してノイシリン錠剤とした。
充填前の錠剤の性状
錠剤の直径: 9 mm
錠剤の形:コンパウンドカップ
錠剤の重量: 134 mg
錠剤の重量偏差Srel : 1.6%
錠剤の硬度: 51 N (硬度試験機Schleuniger M8で測定)
ラボスケールの流動床Phast FB 100中、トップスプレーでのコーティングモジュールを用いて、錠剤50 gをviscoleo で充填した。
噴霧空気流: 1 m3 /時間
流動化空気流: 40 m3/時間
液体供給割合: 2.5 g 分
錠剤の飽和までのコーティング時間: 30 分
重量増加: 67.5 g viscoleo.
錠剤の重量: 305 mg (充填 56 重量%)
錠剤の硬度: 51 N
錠剤の重量偏差Srel: 5.1%
流動床のような通常のコーティング装置が、多孔性の錠剤に短時間で液体製剤を充填するのに適している。錠剤の表面に噴霧することにより、錠剤は適用された液体を速やかに吸収する。錠剤の硬度は、液体で充填されることにより影響を受けない。重量偏差は、1.6% から 5.2%に高まるが、活性物質が取り込まれたとき用量変動に関してなお許容範囲内である。
充填された錠剤からのイブプロフェンの放出
ノイシリン錠剤中に充填された菜種油担体中のイブプロフェンを、ジェランガムおよびキシリトールも含む同様の錠剤と比較した。
放出は米国薬局方2方法に従って、pH 7.2の緩衝液中で溶出試験され、イブプロフェンはUV 分光光度計(abs 222nm における波長吸収)により測定した。
材料および方法
打錠機 DIAF No. U-TABD-02
ミキサー ターボラ
加熱板
杵9mm 円 No. Life 0004
VanKel 装置 2 No.. a-DISA-003
分光光度計 島津製作所 No. A-spek-01
キシリトールおよびジェランガムを、少量のEtOH を加えて混合する。ノイシリンUS2 を加え、Turbola ミキサー中で3分間混合する。このブレンドにステアリン酸Mgを加え、Turbola ミキサー中でさらに1/2分間混合する。
崩壊剤を含む錠剤および崩壊剤を含まない錠剤の2つのタイプの、約145 mgの重量および約50Nの硬度を有する錠剤をDIAFで製造する。
イブプロフェン組成物の充填
温度 37℃
Rpm. 75/分
媒体: pH 7.2 緩衝液 900 ml.
サンプル時間:1/2時間ごとに5時間
イブプロフェンの標品をpH 7.2の緩衝液中のイブプロフェンで製造し、分光計の波長222 nm で測定する。放出量の計算に際して、ジェランガムを含む錠剤については54 mg のイブプロフェンで充填されており、ジェランガムを含まない錠剤については64 mg のイブプロフェンで充填されているものとする。イブプロフェンは100% 純粋な API として計算される。溶出曲線は、低い溶解性を有する医薬であるイブプロフェンが、充填された錠剤からきわめてゆっくり放出されることを示している。
組成物中にジェランガムとキシリトールが含まれていると、溶解性の低い医薬であるイブプロフェンの放出が著しく増大していることが、図1Aに示された放出プロフィールから明らかである。約80%放出に要する溶出時間は、1400 分から約 270 分に短縮されており、これは溶出時間の約80% 短縮に相当する。
異なったスーパー崩壊剤についての崩壊時間
バッチサイズ: 100 g
杵の直径 9 mm
混合器具: Turbula 3.5分
硬度: 約 100 N
Emcompress (燐酸二カルシウム)と1% ステアリン酸マグネシウムの混合物100 gに、以下に示す量の崩壊剤を加える。
スーパー崩壊剤としてのジェランガムの試験
バッチサイズ: 100 g
杵の直径: 9 mm
混合器具: Turbula 3.5分
硬度: 約100 N
Emcompress (燐酸二カルシウム)と1% ステアリン酸マグネシウムの混合物100 gに、以下に示す量のジェランガムを加える。
錠剤の充填に用いられる異なった担体についての予測された崩壊時間
次の構成成分で錠剤を製造した。
ノイシリン 44.5 mg
ジェランガム 2.5 mg
キシリトール 2.5 mg
ステアリン酸Mg 0.5 mg
およその崩壊時間は、室温でタップ水中での目視に基づいている。すなわち、タップ水のグラス中に錠剤を落とし、錠剤が一次粒子に崩壊するまの時間をおよその崩壊時間とする。
崩壊時間に対する崩壊剤の量の影響に関する試験 (ヨーロッパ薬局方に従った試験)
Claims (58)
- i) ガス吸着により測定された比表面積(BET表面積)が少なくとも50 m2/g である金属酸化物および金属珪酸塩から選択される吸収材料または該吸収材料の混合物を少なくとも60重量%、および
ii) 崩壊剤または崩壊剤の混合物
を含む錠剤であって、医薬的に許容される不活性な賦形剤だけを含む圧縮形態にある崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。 - 金属酸化物または金属珪酸塩の金属が、ナトリウム、カリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、亜鉛、アルミニウム、チタンおよび珪素からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 吸収材料が、酸化マグネシウム、酸化カルシウム、酸化亜鉛、酸化アルミニウム、トロノックス(Tronox)A-HP-328およびトロノックスA-HP-100を含む2酸化チタン、アエロジル(Aerosil)、キャブ(Cab)-O-Sil、シロイド(Syloid)、アエロパール(Aeroperl)、アエロパール300、サンシル(Sunsil) (シリコンビーズ)、ゼオフリー(Zeofree)、イペルナット(ipernat)、ゼオファーム(Zeopharm)S170、ゼオファーム6000を含む2酸化ケイ素、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される金属酸化物である、請求項1または2に記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 金属酸化物が2酸化チタンまたは2酸化ケイ素あるいはそれらの混合物である、請求項3に記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 金属酸化物がアエロジルタイプのフュームドシリカを含む非多孔性の珪酸塩である、請求項3または4に記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 金属酸化物がシロイド、ポラジル(Porasil)およびリクロソープ(Lichrosorp)を含む多孔性の珪酸塩である、請求項3または4に記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 吸収材料が、ケイ酸ナトリウム、ケイ酸カリウム、ケイ酸マグネシウム、Hubersorpを含む合成ケイ酸カルシウムを含むケイ酸カルシウム、ケイ酸亜鉛、ケイ酸アルミニウム、Zeolexを含むケイ酸アルミニウムナトリウム、ケイ酸アルミニウムマグネシウム、メタケイ酸アルミニウムマグネシウム、ノイシリン(Neusilin)S1、ノイシリンSN2N、ノイシリンSG2、ノイシリンUS2を含むメタケイ酸アルミニウム、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される金属珪酸塩である、請求項1または2に記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 金属珪酸塩が、ベントナイト、ビーガムおよびラポナイトからなる群から選択されるスメクタイト(smectite)タイプの膨潤性クレイである、請求項1または2に記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 金属珪酸塩が、アルカリ土類金属珪酸塩、およびメタケイ酸アルミニウムマグネシウムを含むケイ酸アルミニウムから選択される、請求項1に記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 金属珪酸塩がノイシリンUS2である、請求項7に記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 圧縮形態にある錠剤が、
a) 45容量%以上の多孔度、
b) 少なくとも20ニュートンの硬度、および
c)少なくとも30% の液体を充填するキャパシティ
を有する、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。 - 崩壊剤がスーパー崩壊剤である、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- スーパー崩壊剤が、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム [Ac-Di-Sol(商標)、 CLD-2(商標)]、架橋ポリビニルピロリドン (ポリプラスドン−X1R、ポリプラスドン−XL 10R、コリドン-CLR) およびジェランガムからなる群から選択される、請求項12に記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 崩壊剤が、ホルマリン−カゼイン、L-HPC, キチン、キトサン、重合アガーアクリルアミド、キシラン、スメクタ、キー-ジョー-クレイ、架橋カルボキシメチルグアーおよび変性タピオカ澱粉、アルギン酸もしくはアルギン酸塩、微結晶性セルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロースおよびその他のセルロース誘導体、クロスカルメロースナトリウム、クロスポビドン、ポラクリリンカリウム、澱粉グリコール酸ナトリウム、澱粉、糊化ずみ澱粉、カルボキシメチル澱粉[プリモゲル(商標)およびエクスプロタブ(商標)を含む]からなる群から選択される、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 錠剤中の崩壊剤の濃度が、0.1重量%〜15重量%である、請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 崩壊剤がジェランガムである、請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 崩壊に対して相乗効果もしくは改善効果を有する、そして/またはキャリアーシステムおよび所望の崩壊時間もしくは放出に関連して崩壊剤を最適化する、一つ以上のその他の賦形剤をさらに含む、請求項1〜16のいずれかに記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 親水性物質をさらに含む、請求項1〜17のいずれかに記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 親水性物質が加湿剤または湿潤剤である、請求項18に記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 親水性物質の濃度が、多くとも15重量%である、請求項18または19に記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 親水性物質が糖および糖アルコールおよびポリオールからなる群から選択される、請求項18または19に記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 糖が、グルコース、フルクトース、スクロース、マルトース、キシロース、ソルボース、マルチトース、ラフィノースおよびラクトースからなる群から選択される、請求項21に記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 糖アルコールが、キシリトール、エリスリトール、ソルビトール、マンニトール、マルチトール、イノシトールからなる群から選択される、請求項21に記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- ポリオールがグリセロールである、請求項21に記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 金属酸化物および金属珪酸塩から選択される一つ以上の吸収材料を含み、該金属酸化物または金属珪酸塩が、多くとも40重量%のラクトースとともに錠剤に成形されたときに、45容量%以上の多孔度を有する錠剤を与える、請求項1〜24のいずれかに記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 1つ以上の吸収材料が錠剤中に65重量%以上の濃度で存在する、請求項25に記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 45容量%以上の多孔度を有する錠剤を提供する一つ以上の吸収材料が、錠剤中に70重量%以上の濃度で存在する、請求項25または26に記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 45容量%以上の多孔度を有する錠剤を提供する一つ以上の吸収材料が、ガス吸着により測定して少なくとも50 m2/g の比表面積(BET表面積)を有する、請求項25〜27のいずれかに記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 20 N 以上の硬度を有する、請求項1〜28のいずれかに記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- 5%以下の砕けやすさを有する、請求項1〜29のいずれかに記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。
- i) ガス吸着により測定して少なくとも50 m2/gの比表面積(BET表面積)を有する、少なくとも60重量%の金属酸化物もしくは金属珪酸塩またはそれらの混合物、および
ii) 一つの崩壊剤または崩壊剤の混合物、および
iii)打錠性を改善する賦形剤
を含む、請求項1に記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤。 - i) ガス吸着により測定して少なくとも50 m2/gの比表面積(BET表面積)を有する金属酸化物および金属珪酸塩から選択される少なくとも60重量%の吸収材料または該吸収材料の混合物を、一つの崩壊剤または崩壊剤の混合物、およびさらなる医薬的に許容される賦形剤と混合する工程、
ii) 上記の固形の混合物を圧縮して、20N 〜 150N の範囲の硬度を有する錠剤を成形する工程
を含む、請求項1〜31のいずれかに記載の崩壊性の充填可能な錠剤を製造する方法。 - 充填可能な錠剤を上記の医薬的に許容される液状製剤で飽和するのに十分な時間、請求項32の方法に従って得られる充填可能な錠剤に、一つ以上の治療的、予防的または診断的に活性な物質を含む医薬的に許容される液体製剤を充填する工程をさらに含む、錠剤の製造方法。
- 充填可能な錠剤に、一つ以上の治療的、予防的または診断的に活性な物質を含む医薬的に許容される液体製剤を充填する工程が、噴霧により行なわれる、請求項33に記載の方法。
- 充填可能な錠剤に、一つ以上の治療的、予防的または診断的に活性な物質を含む医薬的に許容される液体製剤を充填する工程が、任意に一つ以上の治療的、予防的または診断的に活性な物質を含む医薬的に許容される液体製剤の過剰量中に充填可能な錠剤を置くことにより行なわれる、請求項33に記載の方法。
- 充填工程の時間が、1 kgに相当する充填可能な錠剤の量について、長くても2時間である、請求項33〜35のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 充填工程が加熱を含む、請求項33〜36のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 加えられる熱が、一つ以上の治療的、予防的または診断的に活性な物質を含む製剤を液化するのに十分である、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 医薬的に許容される液体製剤が、高くても150 ℃の温度で高くても600 mPa 秒の粘度を有する、請求項33〜38のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 医薬的に許容される液体製剤が、低くても0℃、そして高くても250 ℃の融点を有する、請求項33〜39のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 医薬的に許容される液状製剤が5 ℃以上の融点を有する、請求項40に記載の方法。
- 医薬的に許容される液体製剤が、油または油様物質を含む、請求項33〜41のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 医薬的に許容される液体製剤が、医薬的に許容される溶剤を含む、請求項33〜42のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 油または油様物質が、植物油、水素添加植物油および動物油からなる群から選択される、請求項42に記載の方法。
- 油または油様物質が、アプリコット油、アーモンド油、アボカド油、ヒマシ油、ココナッツ油、ココアバター、コーン油、綿実油、ぶどう実油、ホホバ油、亜麻仁油、とうもろこし油、オリーブ油、ヤシ油、ピーナッツ油、パーシル(persil)油、けしの実油、なたね油、ゴマ油、大豆油、ひまわり油、アザミ実油、くるみ油、小麦胚芽油、牛脂、ラード、トール油、鯨油、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項42に記載の方法。
- 油または油様物質が、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコールを含むポリエーテルグリコール類;ポリオキシエチレン類;ポリオキシプロピレン類;ポロキサマー類およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される親水性の油または油様の物質である請求項42に記載の方法。
- 油または油様物質が、直鎖状の飽和炭化水素、ソルビタンエステル、パラフィン;カカオバター、牛脂、ラード、ポリエーテルグリコールエステルを含む脂肪および油;ステアリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸を含む高級脂肪酸;セタノール、ステアリルアルコールを含む高級アルコール;グリセリルモノステアレート、グリセリルモノオレエート、還元タロー、ミリスチルアルコール、ステアリルアルコール、置換または非置換モノグリセライド、置換または非置換ジグリセライド、置換または非置換トリグリセライド、黄色ミツロウ、白色ミツロウ、カルナバロウ、ヒマシワックス、ジャパンワックス、アセチレートモノグリセライドを含む低融点のワックス;NVP ポリマー、PVP ポリマー、アクリルポリマーあるいはそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される疎水性油または油様物質である、請求項42に記載の方法。
- 油または油様物質が、ポリエチレングリコール1,000、ポリエチレングリコール2,000、ポリエチレングリコール3,000、ポリエチレングリコール4,000、ポリエチレングリコール5,000、ポリエチレングリコール6,000、ポリエチレングリコール7,000、ポリエチレングリコール8,000、 ポリエチレングリコール9,000、ポリエチレングリコール10,000、 ポリエチレングリコール15,000、 ポリエチレングリコール20,000、もしくはポリエチレングリコール35,000を含む、400〜100,000の範囲の平均分子量を有するポリエチレングリコールである、請求項42に記載の方法。
- 油または油様物質が2,000〜7,000,000の分子量を有するポリエチレンオキサイドである、請求項42に記載の方法。
- 油または油様物質が、ポロキサマー188、ポロキサマー237、ポロキサマー338またはポロキサマー407を含むポロキサマー、あるいはプルロニック(商標)および/またはテトロニック(商標)シリーズを含むその他のエチレンオキサイドとプロピレンオキサイドとのブロックコポリマーである、請求項42に記載の方法。
- 油または油様物質が、ソルビタンジイソステアレート、ソルビタンジオレエート、ソルビタンモノラウレート、ソルビタンモノイソステアレート、ソルビタンモノオレエート、ソルビタンモノパルミテート、ソルビタンモノステアレート、ソルビタンセスキイソステアレート、ソルビタンセスキオレエート、ソルビタンセスキステアレート、ソルビタントリイソステアレート、ソルビタントリオレエート、ソルビタントリステアレートまたはそれらの混合物を含むソルビタンエステルである、請求項42に記載の方法。
- 油または油様物質が、親水性および/または疎水性物質の混合物を含む、異なった油または油様物質の混合物である、請求項42に記載の方法。
- 油または油様物質が、プロピレングリコール、Gelucire 44/14を含むポリグリコール化されたグリセライド、テオブロマ油、カルナバロウ、アーモンド油、ココナッツ油、コーン油、綿実油、ゴマ油、大豆油、オリーブ油、ヒマシ油、パームケルネル油、ピーナッツ油、レープ油、ぶどう実油を含む植物油を含む植物由来の複合脂肪物質、還元ピーナッツ油、還元パームケルネル油、還元綿実油、還元大豆油、還元ひまし油、還元ココナッツ油を含む還元植物油;ミツロウ、ラノリンを含む動物由来の天然脂肪物質、セチル、ステアリル、ラウリック、ミリスチック、パルミチック、ステアリック脂肪アルコールを含む脂肪アルコール;グリセロールステアレート、グリコールステアレート、エチルオレエート、イソプロピルミリステートを含むエステル類; ミグリコール(Miglycol)810/812を含む液状の分子間エステル化された半合成グリセライド;ステアルアミドエタノール、ココナッツ脂肪酸のジエタノールアミド、モノおよびジグリセライドの酢酸エステル、モノおよびジグリセライドのクエン酸エステル、モノおよびジグリセライドの乳酸エステルを含むアミドもしくは脂肪酸アルコールアミド、モノおよびジグリセライド、脂肪酸のポリグリセロールエステル、ポリグリセロール ポリリシノレート、脂肪酸のプロピレングリコールエステル、ソルビタンモノステアレート、ソルビタントリステアレート、ステアロイルラクチレートナトリウム、ステアロイルラクチレートカルシウム、モノおよびジグリセライドのジアセチル酒石酸エステルから選択される溶剤または半固形賦形剤である、請求項42に記載の方法。
- 医薬的に許容される液体製剤が、エマルジョン、マイクロエマルジョン、自己微細乳化医薬デリバリーシステム(SMEDDS)または懸濁液を含む分散液である、請求項33〜53のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 錠剤中の医薬的に許容される液体製剤の濃度が5重量%以上である、請求項33〜54のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 活性物質が医薬的に許容される液体製剤中に分散している、請求項33〜55のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 活性物質が医薬的に許容される液体製剤中に少なくとも部分的に溶解している、請求項33〜55のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 活性物質が少なくとも部分的にアモルファスの形態で存在する、請求項55記載の方法。
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EP (1) | EP1973529B1 (ja) |
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BR (1) | BRPI0706280A2 (ja) |
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EA (1) | EA018606B1 (ja) |
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CA2634160C (en) | 2014-04-15 |
US20090186081A1 (en) | 2009-07-23 |
KR101486590B1 (ko) | 2015-01-26 |
EA018606B1 (ru) | 2013-09-30 |
WO2007076874A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
DK1973529T3 (da) | 2011-09-12 |
KR20080085903A (ko) | 2008-09-24 |
EP1973529B1 (en) | 2011-05-25 |
EA200870149A1 (ru) | 2009-04-28 |
CN101365428A (zh) | 2009-02-11 |
JP2009522315A (ja) | 2009-06-11 |
HK1120402A1 (en) | 2009-04-03 |
EP1973529A1 (en) | 2008-10-01 |
ATE510535T1 (de) | 2011-06-15 |
CA2634160A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
AU2007203715B2 (en) | 2012-08-02 |
AU2007203715A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
BRPI0706280A2 (pt) | 2011-03-22 |
CN101365428B (zh) | 2012-08-29 |
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