CN101001613B - 作为液体制剂载体的多孔片剂 - Google Patents
作为液体制剂载体的多孔片剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101001613B CN101001613B CN2005800249102A CN200580024910A CN101001613B CN 101001613 B CN101001613 B CN 101001613B CN 2005800249102 A CN2005800249102 A CN 2005800249102A CN 200580024910 A CN200580024910 A CN 200580024910A CN 101001613 B CN101001613 B CN 101001613B
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- tablet
- oil
- oily
- pharmaceutically acceptable
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Abstract
可以以便利、灵活和可再现方式加载相对高量的药物上可接受的液体制剂的新片剂产品,例如,所述的液体制剂携带治疗、预防和/或诊断活性物质。可以以大规模批量生产这种新型的适于承载的片剂产品并且贮存至使用为止,且每批或次批均可以载有相同或不同的药物上可接受的液体制剂和/或活性物质。本发明的适于承载的片剂具有30%v/v或30%v/v以上的孔隙率。本发明还提供了加载了这类液体制剂的片剂及其制备方法。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及可以以便利、灵活和可再现方式加载相对高量的药物上可接受的液体制剂的新片剂产品,例如,所述的液体制剂携带治疗、预防和/或诊断活性物质。可以以大规模批量生产这种新型片剂产品并且贮存至使用为止,且每批或次批均可以载有相同或不同的药物上可接受的液体制剂和/或活性物质。本发明还提供了加载了这类液体制剂的片剂及其制备方法。
本发明提供了获得片剂的方法,该片剂包含活性物质与适当的相对高量的影响所述活性物质可接近性以便例如在口服给药时释放和/或吸收的液体。
发明背景
许多药物物质具有不需要的特性,并且预计未来的药物物质中的许多也具有不需要的特性,尤其是在例如水溶性和口服生物利用度方面。因此,非常需要以相对便利的方式将预防活性物质递送至身体并且同时能够产生所需的治疗和/或预防反应。
在制药领域中,通常制备包含一种或多种活性物质和各种赋形剂的药物组合物。制备这类药物组合物的一个原因在于可在摄入所述药物组合物后操作活性化合物的利用率。
为了制备口服给药的药物组合物,通常将活性物质掺入聚集的制剂,以便提供可以压制成片剂或填充入胶囊的形式的活性化合物。
除提供可以压制成片剂的形式的活性物质外,还可以设计聚集物以便获得(secure)在摄入含有所述颗粒的药物组合物后活性化合物的所需利用率。
提高难溶于水的药物的口服生物利用度并且提供缓释形式的具有相当水溶性的药物仍然是药物研发中最具有挑战性的方面之一,并且聚集技术的进一步研发可以为这些方面提供有价值的工具。
用于制粒的一种常用技术为湿法制粒,其中在制备颗粒的机械压力下将包括活性化合物的粉末混合物与液体,通常为含水液体混合。通常在使用前通过湿法制粒制备颗粒。
熔化聚集和受控聚集为用于活性化合物的聚集技术,尤其是通过下列步骤进行的活性化合物聚集:熔化药物上可接受的载体,诸如油或油样物质;将一种或多种活性化合物溶于或分散于熔化的载体中并且使由此制备的混合物沉积在颗粒物质,即填充剂上,且随后使颗粒彼此粘着并且形成聚集物。
在WO 03/004001(本发明者)中描述了受控聚集的新技术,通过这种技术能够给颗粒物质加载相对高量的油或油样物质。该技术基于包括将含有油或油样物质的载体组合物喷在颗粒物质上的方法。该方法的条件能够给颗粒物质加载相对高量的油或油样物质。该方法通常包括加热载体组合物并且在应用过程中维持该载体组合物的温度。作为通过喷雾实施的应用,要求严格控制喷雾设备的温度以避免与喷嘴凝块相关的问题等。
本发明的描述
本发明者目前已经发现了更加简单的解决方案。他们发现能够制备仅含有惰性的药物上可接受赋形剂的片剂(不过,在某些情况中,其中也适合于掺入活性物质),并且当该片剂接触例如含有活性物质的药物上可接受的液体制剂时,这种片剂因其孔隙率而可以将液体制剂吸入片剂。最令人意外的是,可以在相对短时间期限内在这种惰性片剂中进行加载并且可再现,即当使用相同类型和大小的片剂和液体制剂时,可吸入相同量的液体制剂(参见本文的实施例)。就本发明者所能了解到的最佳知识而言,此前在给片剂加载液体,例如含有活性物质的液体的制药领域中,尚未认识到和使用具有上述特性的惰性片剂。
WO 00/38655(Alza Corporation)中描述了包含多孔颗粒的剂型。该剂型可以为通过将多孔颗粒与液体载体,诸如丙二醇混合制备的片剂形式。然而,与本发明相反,该对比文件中没有描述具有以可再现的方式吸收液体活性物质或含有一种或多种活性物质的亲脂性介质的能力并且产生高液体加载量的惰性片剂。
EP-A-0 001 247涉及口服给药用的硝苯地平在药物上可接受的多孔载体上携带聚乙二醇中的溶液或硝苯地平在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮中的非晶体分散体形式的硝苯地平的制备。未描述惰性的适于承载的片剂。
US 6,399,591(Yung-Shin Pharmaceutical Ind.Co.Ltd.)涉及包括吸收剂、崩解剂、润滑剂和稀释剂或粘合剂,或稀释剂与粘合剂的混合物的空白片剂。将液体形式的活性组分引入空白片剂以产生药物组合物。然而,实施例表示仅可获得约13%w/w的加载量。
可以给本发明提供的片剂加载任意类型的活性物质,只要可以将它们设计成可以进行任意类型的活性物质释放。
惰性片剂的加载量取决于包含在片剂中的药物上可接受的赋形剂的类型和性质。然而,关键参数不仅在于片剂中包含的药物上可接受的赋形剂的特性,而且在于片剂自身的特性。为了这一目的,最关键的特性为如下的片剂能力:i)吸收足量的药物上可接受的液体制剂;ii)在贮存过程中维持该吸收量而不会有任何液体制剂的量从片剂表面蒸发;和iii)一旦使片剂进行体外溶出试验和/或对受试者,诸如动物包括人口服给药,就释放活性物质。
为了满足这些要求,本发明者已经确定加载的片剂的关键特性在于该片剂的孔隙率。因此,本发明在一个方面中涉及具有30%v/v或30%v/v以上孔隙率的适于承载的片剂,它用作药物上可接受的液体制剂的药物载体组合物。在制药领域中使用的普通片剂具有低得多的孔隙率。避免使用非常多孔性的片剂的原因之一在于这类片剂不具有能够在包装和贮存过程中正常操作片剂的足够坚固性,即预计它们在硬度和脆碎度方面无法满足药典的要求。
按照本文实施例中的等式1,将孔隙率定义为片剂中的空隙与片剂总体积的体积比。
适于承载的片剂
在本发明上下文中的术语“惰性片剂”用于表示仅含有通常视为在治疗作用方面为惰性的组分的片剂。更具体地说,这类片剂含有药物上可接受的赋形剂,它们选自填充剂、稀释剂、粘合剂、润滑剂、助流剂等组成的组。添加剂诸如有,例如pH调节剂、缓冲剂、促进剂、湿润剂、增溶剂、表面活性剂、抗氧化剂等。本发明上下文中使用的术语“适于承载的片剂”表示如上所述的“惰性片剂”,而且进一步具有至少约30%v/v的孔隙率,以便能够适当加载液体。然而,在某些情况中,关注在这类片剂中包括活性物质,且由此术语“适于承载的片剂”也包括这类情况。在优选的实施方案中,片剂为“惰性的和适于承载的”,即加载前没有任何活性物质内含物。
然而,正如本文实施例中所示,本发明者已经发现能够给具有高孔隙率的片剂加载药物可接受的液体,该液体优选含有一种或多种治疗、预防和/或诊断活性物质(在下文中缩写为“活性物质”)。加载的片剂具有足够的坚固性以便耐受进一步加工(例如包衣)、包装、贮存等过程中的正常片剂操作,即它们在硬度和脆碎度方面满足药典的要求。
在一个具体的实施方案中,本发明适于承载的片剂在如本文所述测试时,使得片剂可加载至少20%w/w诸如,例如至少25%w/w或至少30%w/w的玉米油(基于加载时固体剂型的总重)。这类试验可确保片剂具有吸收适用于片剂制备的液体制剂的能力。
如上所述,本发明适于承载的片剂具有足够的坚固性以便耐受正常的片剂操作,即它们具有20N或20N以上的硬度,诸如,例如约25N或25N以上的硬度,约30N或30N以上的硬度,约35N或35N以上的硬度,约40N或40N以上的硬度,约45N或45N以上的硬度,或约50N或50N以上的硬度。
此外,本发明的片剂具有约5%或5%以下,诸如,例如约4%或4%以下,约3%或3%以下,约2%或2%以下,诸如约1%或1%以下的脆碎度。
如上所述,本发明适于承载的片剂包括一种或多种药物上可接受的赋形剂。然而,重要的是至少一种药物上可接受的赋形剂在提供30%v/v或30%v/v以上孔隙率的片剂方面具有正确的特性,并且该赋形剂的存在量足以使获得的片剂也具有所需的孔隙率。在某些情况中,这类药物上可接受的赋形剂被描述为“提供药物上可接受的孔隙率的赋形剂”。为了这一目的,本发明者已经发现,如果将药物上可接受的赋形剂与用于直接压制的至多50%w/w乳糖或其它药物上可接受的赋形剂,诸如,例如Emcompress一起制成片剂且获得的片剂具有30vol%或30vol%以上的孔隙率,那么这种药物上可接受的赋形剂在本发明的上下文中适用。乳糖的质量达到用于直接压制的标准。
在适于承载的片剂中,具有上述特性(即满足上述试验)的药物上可接受的赋形剂的总和相当于至少50%w/w,诸如,例如至少55%w/w,至少60%w/w,至少65%w/w,至少70%w/w,至少80%w/w,至少90%w/w,至少95%w/w或至少98%w/w,诸如,例如100%w/w的片剂总重。
在优选的方面中,提供一种或多种孔隙率的赋形剂在片剂中的存在浓度为约50%w/w或50%w/w以上,诸如,例如约60%w/w或60%w/w以上,诸如,例如约70%w/w或70%w/w以上,约80%w/w或80%w/w以上,约90%w/w或90%w/w以上,或约95%w/w或95%w/w以上。
此外,关注提供孔隙率的赋形剂的比表面积(BET表面积)应相对较大,诸如,例如通过气体吸附测定至少为50m2/g。
在下文中给出了具有能够提供本发明适于承载的片剂的适当特性的药物上可接受的赋形剂实例列表。各药物上可接受的赋形剂可以单独使用或联用,只要在孔隙率方面达到了所有的目的。
为了这一目的,应注意通过使用一定的压制力将片剂压制成片剂。然而,压制力可以不一定非常低,以便在片剂硬度和脆碎度方面的要求相互折衷,即这些要求确保片剂具有足够的坚固性。
可以用于获得本发明具有30%v/v或30%v/v以上孔隙率的片剂的合适的药物上可接受的赋形剂选自金属氧化物、金属硅酸盐、金属碳酸盐、金属磷酸盐、金属硫酸盐、糖醇类、糖类和纤维素和纤维素衍生物组成的组。金属一般选自钠、钾、镁、钙、锌、铝、钛和硅组成的组。
用于本发明的合适的金属氧化物选自下列物质组成的组:氧化镁;氧化钙;氧化锌;氧化铝;二氧化钛,包括Tronox A-HP-328和TronoxA-HP-100;二氧化硅,包括Aerosil、Cab-O-Sil、Syloid、Aeroperl、Sunsil(硅珠)、Zeofree、Sipernat;及其混合物。
在一个具体的实施方案中,金属氧化物为二氧化钛或二氧化硅或其混合物。
可以将硅酸盐分成下组:
●蒙皂石类的可溶胀粘土,例如膨润土、硅酸镁铝、laponite。
●水合硅酸铝或碱土金属。Neusilin属于该组并且基于合成的聚合(偏硅酸镁铝)。
●将二氧化硅再分成多孔和非多孔二氧化硅:
○非多孔胶态二氧化硅,例如Aerosil(热解法二氧化硅);
○多孔硅胶,例如Syloid、Porasil、Lichrosorp;
○其它,例如Zeopharm S170、Zeopharm 6000、Aeroperl 300;
因此,本发明适于承载的片剂可以含有为非多孔的硅酸盐、包括Aerosil型的热解法二氧化硅和/或多孔硅酸盐、包括,例如Syloid、Porasil和Lichrosorp的金属氧化物。
在其它实施方案中,用于本发明的药物上可接受的赋形剂为金属硅酸盐,它们选自下列物质组成的组:硅酸钠;硅酸钾;硅酸镁;硅酸钙,包括合成硅酸钙,诸如,例如Hubersorp;硅酸锌;硅酸铝;硅铝酸钠,诸如,例如Zeolex;硅酸铝镁(magnesium aluminum silicate);偏硅酸铝镁(magnesium aluminum metasilicate);偏硅酸铝(aluminiummetasilicate);Neusilin SG2;Neusilin US2;及其混合物。
金属硅酸盐还可以为选自膨润土、硅酸镁铝和合成粘土组成的组的蒙皂石类可溶胀粘土,和/或选自碱土金属硅酸盐和包括硅酸铝的偏硅酸铝镁的金属硅酸盐。在一个具体的实施方案中,所述的金属硅酸盐为Neusilin。
如上所述,合适的药物上可接受的赋形剂可以为金属碳酸盐,诸如选自碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、碳酸锌和碳酸铝及其混合物组成的组的碳酸盐。
适用于本发明的其它金属盐为金属磷酸盐,它们选自磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸钾、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸钙、磷酸镁、磷酸锌和磷酸铝组成的组。
更具体地说,药物上可接受的赋形剂可以为选自无水二碱式磷酸钙、二碱式磷酸钙二水合物和磷酸三钙组成的组的磷酸钙。
无水二碱式磷酸钙一般选自A-Tab、磷酸一氢钙、正磷酸钙、Di-Cafos AN、正磷酸二钙、E341、无水Emcompress、Fujicalin、磷酸钙盐(1∶1)和二代磷酸钙及其混合物组成的组。二碱式磷酸钙二水合物可以选自Cafos、正磷酸氢钙二水合物、磷酸一氢钙二水合物、Calipharm、Calstar、Di-Cafos、正磷酸二钙、Di-TAB、Emcompress、磷酸钙盐(1∶1)二水合物,二代磷酸钙、Fujiclin SG组成的组。
磷酸三钙的实例例如为羟磷灰石、磷酸钙盐(2∶3)、沉淀磷酸钙、三代磷酸钙、Tri-Cafos、二正磷酸三钙、正磷酸三钙、磷酸三钙、TRI-CAL、WG、TRI-TAB。
其它合适的金属盐为金属硫酸盐,诸如,例如硫酸钠、硫酸氢钠、硫酸钾、硫酸氢钾、硫酸钙、硫酸镁、硫酸锌和/或硫酸铝。
合适的硫酸盐的实例例如为:无水硫酸钙,包括硬质石膏、无水石膏、石灰的无水硫酸盐、Destab、Drierte、E516、硬石膏、硬石膏和Snow White,或硫酸钙二水合物,包括雪花石膏、Cal-Tab、Compactrol、Destab、E516、石膏、轻晶石、矿白、天然硫酸钙、沉淀硫酸钙、磷酸钙石、纤维石、亚硒酸盐、石膏粉和USG石膏粉。
在其它实施方案中,药物上可接受的赋形剂可以为选自山梨醇(诸如,例如Sorbogem,SPI Pharma)、木糖醇、甘露糖醇(诸如,例如Mannogem,SPI Pharma)、麦芽糖醇、肌醇、甘露糖醇(例如Pealitol SP 100)组成的组的糖醇和/或它可以为选自下列物质组成的组的糖:单-、二-或多糖类,包括蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖、山梨糖、木糖、乳糖、葡聚糖、葡聚糖衍生物、环糊精。
纤维素和纤维素衍生物也为用于获得具有30%v/v或30%v/v以上孔隙率的片剂目的的合适的药物上可接受的赋形剂。实例包括:纤维素;微晶纤维素;Celphere;纤维素衍生物,包括多孔纤维素珠:乙酸纤维素Celluflow TA-25和纤维素Celluflow C-25、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、羟乙基纤维素等。
用于本发明适于承载的片剂的其它药物上可接受的赋形剂
适于承载的片剂当然还可以含有其它药物上可接受的赋形剂,诸如那些常用于制备片剂的赋形剂。
在本发明的上下文中,术语”药物上可接受的赋形剂”用以表示为惰性的任意物质,其含义是它本身基本上不具有任何治疗和/或预防作用。可以添加这类赋形剂的目的在于能够获得具有可接受技术特性的药物、化妆品和/或食品组合物。
用于本发明适于承载的片剂的合适的赋形剂实例包括填充剂、稀释剂、崩解剂、粘合剂、润滑剂等或其混合物。当本发明的组合物或固体晶型可以用于不同目的时,通常可以考虑为这类不同应用选择赋形剂。适合于应用的其它药物上可接受的赋形剂例如为酸化剂、碱化剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、螯合剂、着色剂、复合制、乳化剂和/或增溶剂、矫味剂和香料、保湿剂、增甜剂、湿润剂等。
合适的填充剂、稀释剂和/或粘合剂的实例包括:乳糖(例如喷雾干燥的乳糖、α-乳糖、β-乳糖、Tabletose、各种等级的Pharmatose、Microtose或Fast-Floc);微晶纤维素(各种等级的Avicel、Elcema、Vivacel、Ming Tai或Solka-Floc);羟丙基纤维素、L-羟丙基纤维素(低取代的)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)(例如Methocel E、F和K,Shin-Etsu,Ltd的Metolose SH,诸如,例如4,000cps等级的Methocel E和Metolose 60 SH;4,000cps等级的Methocel F和Metolose 65 SH;4,000、15,000和100,000cps等级的Methocel K;和4,000、15,000、39,000和100,000等级的Metolose 90 SH)、甲基纤维素聚合物(诸如,例如Methocel A、Methocel A4C、Methocel A15C、Methocel A4M)、羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、羧亚甲基(carboxymethyene)、羧甲基羟乙基纤维素和其它纤维素衍生物;蔗糖、琼脂糖、山梨醇、甘露糖醇、糊精、麦芽糖糊精、淀粉或改性淀粉(包括马铃薯淀粉、玉米淀粉和稻淀粉);磷酸钙(例如碱性磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙、磷酸二钙水合物);硫酸钙;碳酸钙;藻酸钠;胶原蛋白等。
稀释剂的具体实例例如为碳酸钙、二碱式磷酸钙、磷酸三钙、硫酸钙、微晶纤维素、粉状纤维素、葡聚糖类、糊精、葡萄糖、果糖、高岭土、乳糖、甘露糖醇、山梨醇、淀粉、预胶化淀粉、蔗糖、糖等。
崩解剂的具体实例例如为藻酸或藻酸盐、微晶纤维素、羟丙基纤维素和其它纤维素衍生物、交联羧甲纤维素钠、交聚维酮、聚克立林钾(polacrillin potassium)、羟基乙酸淀粉钠、淀粉、预胶化淀粉、羧甲基淀粉(例如Primogel和Explotab)等。
粘合剂的具体实例例如为阿拉伯胶、藻酸、琼脂、角叉菜胶钙、羧甲基纤维素钠、微晶纤维素、糊精、乙基纤维素、明胶、液体葡萄糖、瓜尔胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、果胶、PEG、聚维酮、预胶化淀粉等。
片剂中还可以包括助流剂和润滑剂。实例包括硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙或其它金属硬脂酸盐、滑石粉、蜡和甘油酯类、轻矿物油、PEG、甘油二十二烷酸酯、胶态二氧化硅、氢化植物油、玉米淀粉、硬脂酰富马酸钠、聚乙二醇类、烷基硫酸盐、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠等。
可以包括在本发明适于承载的片剂中的其它赋形剂例如为矫味剂、着色剂、味道掩蔽剂、pH-调节剂、缓冲剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、湿润剂、湿度调节剂、表面活性剂、悬浮剂、吸收促进剂、改进释放试剂等。
本发明组合物或固体剂型中的其它添加剂可以为抗氧化剂,例如抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、丁羟茴醚、丁羟甲苯、次磷酸、一硫代甘油、焦亚硫酸钾、棓酸丙酯、甲醛合次硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠、硫代硫酸钠、二氧化硫、生育酚、醋酸维生素E、半琥珀酸维生素E、TPGS或其它生育酚衍生物等。载体组合物还可以含有:例如稳定剂。抗氧化剂和/或稳定剂在载体组合物中的浓度一般约0.1%w/w-约5%w/w。
本发明的组合物或固体剂型还可以包括一种或多种表面活性剂或具有表面活性剂特性的物质。注意到这类在微溶性活性物质湿润中涉及到的这样的物质且由此促使活性物质的溶解性有所改善。
下文中给出了有关表面表面活性剂的实例。
用于本发明片剂中的合适的表面活性剂为这类表面活性剂,诸如,例如名称为Lipocine,Inc.的WO 00/50007中披露的那些两亲表面活性剂。有关表面活性剂的实例为:
i)聚乙氧基化脂肪酸,诸如,例如聚乙二醇的脂肪酸一-或二酯类或其混合物,诸如,例如聚乙二醇与月桂酸、油酸、硬脂酸、肉豆蔻酸、蓖麻油酸的一-或二酯类,且聚乙二醇可以选自PEG4、PEG5、PEG6、PEG7、PEG8、PEG9、PEG10、PEG12、PEG15、PEG20、PEG25、PEG30、PEG32、PEG40、PEG45、PEG50、PEG55、PEG100、PEG200、PEG400、PEG600、PEG800、PEG1000、PEG2000、PEG3000、PEG4000、PEG5000、PEG6000、PEG7000、PEG8000、PEG9000、PEG1000、PEG10,000、PEG15,000、PEG20,000、PEG35,000;
ii)聚乙二醇甘油脂肪酸酯类,即如上述的酯类,但为各脂肪酸的甘油酯类形式;
iii)与例如植物油的甘油、丙二醇、乙二醇、PEG或山梨醇酯类,所述的植物油如:例如氢化蓖麻油、杏仁油、棕榈仁油、蓖麻油、杏仁油、橄榄油、花生油、氢化棕榈仁油等;
iv)聚甘油化脂肪酸,如:例如聚甘油硬脂酸酯。聚甘油油酸酯、聚甘油蓖麻油酸酯、聚甘油亚油酸酯;
v)丙二醇脂肪酸酯类,诸如,例如丙二醇单月桂酸酯、丙二醇蓖麻油酸酯等;
vi)单-和二甘油酯类,如:例如单油酸甘油酯、二油酸甘油酯、单-和/或二油酸甘油酯、辛酸甘油酯、癸酸甘油酯等;
vii)固醇和固醇衍生物;
ix)聚乙二醇烷基醚类,诸如,例如PEG油醚和PEG月桂基醚;
x)糖酯类,如:例如蔗糖单棕榈酸酯和蔗糖单月桂酸酯;
xii)聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物,诸如,例如Pluronic系列、Synperonic系列、Emkalyx、Lutrol、Supronic等。这些聚合物总称为“泊洛沙姆类”,且本发明上下文中的相关实例为泊洛沙姆105、108、122、123、124、181、182、183、184、185、188、212、215、217、231、234、235、237、238、282、284、288、331、333、334、335、338、401、402、403和407;
xiv)低级醇脂肪酸酯类,如:例如油酸酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、棕榈酸异丙酯等;
xv)离子表面活性剂,包括阳离子型、阴离子型和两性离子表面活性剂,诸如,例如脂肪酸盐、胆汁盐、磷脂类、磷酸酯、羧酸酯类、硫酸酯类和磺酸酯类等。
当表面活性剂或表面活性剂混合物存在于本发明组合物或固体剂型中时,表面活性剂的浓度一般在约0.1-80%w/w,诸如,例如约0.1-约20%w/w,约0.1-约15%w/w,约0.5-约10%w/w或的范围,或者在约0.10-约80%w/w,诸如,例如约10-约70%w/w,约20-约60%w/w或约30-约50%w/w的范围。
加载了药物可接受的液体的片剂
设计上述片剂,以便可以给它们加载药物上可接受的液体制剂,浓度为约20%w/w或20%w/w以上,诸如,例如约25%w/w或25%w/w以上,约30%w/w或30%w/w以上(基于加载时固体剂型的总重)。因此,在本发明的另一个方面中,涉及这类片剂。
在优选的方面中,药物上可接受的液体制剂的存在浓度为约40%w/w或40%w/w以上,诸如,例如约50%w/w或50%w/w以上,或约60%w/w或60%w/w以上(基于加载时固体剂型的总重)。
与液体制剂加载相关的关键参数为液体制剂的粘度。可以按照任何可能的方式,诸如,例如通过将片剂置于含有液体的合适容器中或通过在合适的设备中将液体喷雾在片剂上进行加载,诸如,例如使用常用的包衣设备,诸如包衣锅、多孔容器或流化床。尤其是当将液体制剂喷在片剂上时,液体的浓度是重要的。因此,在一个具体的实施方案中,药物上可接受的液体制剂在至多约150℃的温度下具有至多约600mPa sec的粘度。
此外,药物上可接受的液体制剂通常具有至少约0℃和至多约250℃,诸如,例如约5℃或5℃以上,诸如,例如约10℃或10℃以上,约15℃或15℃以上,约20℃或20℃以上,或约25℃或25℃以上的熔点。当可以在给片剂加载液体制剂的同时加热或冷却液体制剂时,熔点并非很关键。
药物上可接受的液体制剂可以基于水或它可以基于有机溶剂或油或油样物质。令人意外的是,本发明者已经发现可以将本发明适于承载的片剂浸入水中,并且在使用水饱和时(仅需要几分钟或更少的时间),出现了具有冷且干燥表面的片剂,即水和基于含水的液体也可以用于合适的药物上可接受的液体制剂。
然而,关注更一般的可用性的方面在于给片剂加载包含在基于含水或有机物的液体中的活性物质。这类液体包括油或油样物质或药物上可接受的溶剂。
这类油或油样物质可以选自水、植物油、氢化植物油和动物油组成的组。
合适的实例包括杏油、杏仁油、鳄梨油、蓖麻油、椰子油脂肪、可可脂、玉米油、棉子油、葡萄子油、霍霍巴油、亚麻子油、玉蜀黍油(maizeoil)、橄榄油、棕榈油、花生油、persil oil、罂粟籽油、菜子油、芝麻油、大豆油、向日葵油、蓟子油、核桃油、麦芽油、牛油、猪油、妥尔油、鲸油及其混合物。
其它实例为亲水性油或油样物质,它们选自下列物质组成的组:聚醚二醇类,诸如,例如聚乙二醇类、聚丙二醇类;聚氧乙烯类;聚氧丙烯类;泊洛沙姆类及其混合物;或它可以选自下列物质组成的组:木糖醇、山梨醇、酒石酸钾钠、蔗糖三山萮酸酯、葡萄糖、鼠李糖、拉克替醇、山萮酸、氢醌一甲醚、乙酸钠、富马酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸、柠檬酸、Gelucire 50/13;其它Gelucire类,诸如,例如Gelucire 44/14等、Gelucire 50/10、Gelucire 62/05、Sucr0-酯7、Sucro-酯11、Sucro-酯15、麦芽糖、甘露糖醇及其混合物。
油或油样物质还可以为疏水性油或油样物质,它们选自下列物质组成的组:直链饱和烃类、脱水山梨糖醇酯类、石蜡;脂肪类和油,诸如,例如可可脂,牛油,猪油,聚醚乙二醇酯类;高级脂肪酸,诸如,例如硬脂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸;高级醇类,诸如,例如鲸蜡醇、十八烷醇;低熔点蜡,诸如,例如单硬脂酸甘油酯、单油酸甘油酯、氢化脂、肉豆蔻醇、十八烷醇、取代和/或未被取代的单酸甘油酯类、取代和/或未被取代的二甘油酯类、取代和/或未被取代的三甘油酯类、黄蜂蜡、白蜂蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、蓖麻蜡、日本蜡、乙酰化单酸甘油酯类;NVP聚合物、PVP聚合物、丙烯酸聚合物或其混合物。
合适的聚乙二醇类一般具有约400-约35,000,诸如,例如约800-约35,000,约1,000-约35,000范围的分子量,诸如,例如聚乙二醇1,000、聚乙二醇2,000、聚乙二醇3,000、聚乙二醇4,000、聚乙二醇5,000、聚乙二醇6000、聚乙二醇7,000、聚乙二醇8,000、聚乙二醇9,000、聚乙二醇10,000、聚乙二醇15,000、聚乙二醇20,000或聚乙二醇35,000。在某些情况中,可以使用具有约35,000-约100,000分子量的聚乙二醇。
在一个具体的实施方案中,所述的油或油样物质可以为具有如下分子量的聚环氧乙烷:约2,000-约7,000,000,诸如,例如约2,000-约100,000,约5,000-约75,000,约10,000-约60,000,约15,000-约50,000,约20,000-约40,000,约100,000-约7,000,000,诸如,例如约100,000-约1,000,000,约100,000-约600,000,约100,000-约400,000或约100,000-约300,000。
本发明还可以使用泊洛沙姆类。实例包括泊洛沙姆188、泊洛沙姆237、泊洛沙姆338或泊洛沙姆407或环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的其它嵌段共聚物,诸如Pluronic和/或Tetronic系列。Pluronic系列的合适的嵌段共聚物包括具有约3,000或3,000以上,诸如,例如约4,000-约20,000的分子量和/或约200-约4,000cps,诸如,例如约250-约3,000cps的粘度(Brookfield)的聚合物。合适的实例包括PluronicF38、P65、P68LF、P75、F77、P84、P85、F87、F88、F98、P103、P104、P105、F108、P123、F123、F127、10R8、17R8、25R5、25R8等。Tetronic系列合适的嵌段共聚物包括具有约8,000或8,000以上,诸如,例如约9,000-约35,000的分子量和/或约500-约45,000cps,诸如,例如约600-约40,000的粘度(Brookfield)的聚合物。上述粘度是在60℃下对在室温下为糊状的物质和在77℃下对在室温下为固体的物质测定的。
在另一个实施方案中,所述的油或油-样物质为脱水山梨糖醇酯,诸如,例如脱水山梨糖醇二异硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇二油酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单异硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单棕榈酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇倍半异硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇倍半油酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇倍半硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇三异硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇三油酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇三硬脂酸酯或其混合物。
此外或可选地,所述的油或油样物质可以为不同油或油样物质的混合物,诸如,例如亲水性和/或疏水性物质的混合物或溶剂或半固体赋形剂类,例如丙二醇;聚乙醇酸化(polyglycolised)甘油酯类,包括Gelucire 44/14;来源于植物的复合脂肪物质,包括可可豆油,巴西棕榈蜡;植物油类,例如杏仁油,椰子油、玉米油、棉子油、芝麻油、大豆油、橄榄油、蓖麻油、棕榈仁油、花生油,菜油、葡萄子油等;氢化植物油,诸如,例如氢化花生油、氢化棕榈仁油、氢化棉子油、氢化大豆油、氢化蓖麻油、氢化椰子油;来源于动物的天然脂肪酸物质,包括蜂蜡;羊毛脂;脂肪醇类,包括鲸蜡醇、十八烷醇、月桂醇、肉豆蔻醇、棕榈醇、硬脂酸脂肪醇类;酯类,包括硬脂酸甘油酯、硬脂酸乙二醇酯、油酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯;液体酯交换半合成甘油酯类,包括Miglycol810/812;酰胺或脂肪醇酰胺类,包括硬脂酰胺乙醇、椰子脂肪酸的二乙醇酰胺、单和二-甘油酯的乙酸酯类、单和二-甘油酯的柠檬酸酯类、单和二-甘油酯的乳酸酯类、单和二-甘油酯、脂肪酸的聚甘油酯类、聚甘油聚蓖麻油酸酯、脂肪酸的丙二醇酯类、脱水山梨糖醇单硬酸脂、脱水山梨糖醇三硬脂酸酯、硬脂酰乳酰乳酸钠、硬脂酰乳酰乳酸钙、单和二-甘油酯的二乙酰基酒石酸酯类等。
药物上可接受的液体制剂还可以为分散体,包括:乳剂;微乳,例如自微乳化递药系统(SMEDDS);或混悬液。
一般来说,药物上可接受的液体制剂在片剂中的浓度约为5%w/w或5%w/w以上,诸如,例如约10%w/w或10%w/w以上,约15%w/w或15%w/w以上,约20%w/w或20%w/w以上,约25%w/w或25%w/w以上,约30%w/w或30%w/w以上,约35%w/w或35%w/w以上,约40%w/w或40%w/w以上,约45%w/w或45%w/w以上,约50w/w或50%w/w以上,约60%w/w或60%w/w以上或约70%或70%w/w以上。
将适于承载的片剂加载药物上可接受的液体制剂后获得的片剂一般满足药典的要求。因此,本发明的片剂一般具有至少约20N的硬度和/或至多约5%,诸如,例如至多约4%,至多约3%,至多约2%,至多约1%或至多约0.5%的脆碎度。
此外,预期将液体加载入本发明适于承载的片剂导致液体在片剂内基本上均匀分布。
此外,可以设计基本上即刻或以改进方式释放活性物质的片剂。为即刻释放设计的片剂一般具有如Ph.Eur测试的至多15分钟的崩解时间,而薄膜包衣片可以具有至多约30分钟的崩解时间。就改进释放的片剂而言,活性物质的释放具有重要性。
就本发明的简单片剂而言,在按照USP的溶出方法测试时,至少75%的治疗、预防和/或诊断活性物质在30分钟内释放。
如上所述,优选实施方案为加载了一种或多种治疗、预防和/或诊断活性物质的片剂。
泡腾片崩解制剂原理
本发明者已经发现通过添加亲脂性超崩解剂无法改善加载了亲脂性制剂的片剂的崩解,这是因为崩解剂在液体环境中溶胀特性下降所致。在这种情况中,可以基于泡腾作用应用不同崩解原理。片剂的崩解因二氧化碳的内部释放而得以改善。泡腾片基于金属碳酸盐与和酸源的组合。金属碳酸盐为:诸如碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钾、碳酸钙和倍半碳酸钠。酸源为:诸如柠檬酸、柠檬酸二氢钠、柠檬酸氢二钠、酒石酸、苹果酸、富马酸、磷酸二氢钠和酸式亚硫酸钠。酸性成分可以不包括在片剂中,因为当将片剂溶于酸性胃液并且与金属碳酸盐反应时在体内获得泡腾作用。
包衣
还可以通过薄膜包衣给片剂包衣,例如用于即刻或改进释放,肠溶衣、改进释放包衣、保护性包衣、防粘包衣等。
合适的包衣材料为:例如甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、丙烯酸聚合物、乙基纤维素、乙酸邻苯二甲酸纤维素、聚乙烯基乙酸酯邻苯二甲酸酯、邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素钠、乙酸纤维素、乙酸邻苯二甲酸纤维素、明胶、甲基丙烯酸共聚物、聚乙二醇、虫胶、蔗糖、二氧化钛、巴西棕榈蜡、微晶蜡、玉米蛋白。
可以在包衣材料中加入增塑剂和其它组分。还可以在包衣材料中加入相同或不同活性物质。
熔化包衣
本发明载脂的片剂的疏水性表面可以防止用于含水或有机溶剂中的包衣聚合物粘着。作为备选,使用常用的包衣设备,应用以熔化形式喷雾并且固化在片剂表面上的不同亲脂性可熔化脂质的熔化包衣是合适的。有用的熔化包衣物质为:诸如聚乙醇酸化甘油酯类(Gelucire50/02、Gelucire 62/05、Gelucire 53/10)、聚甘油棕榈硬脂酸酯、甘油二十二烷酸酯(Compritol 888 ATO)、硬脂酸甘油酯(Precirol WL)、甘油基棕榈硬脂酸酯(Precirol ATO 5)、聚乙醇酸化不饱和甘油酯类(Labrafil M1944)。
活性物质
在本发明的上下文中,治疗和/或预防活性物质包括可以对动物,诸如,例如哺乳动物,如人起作用的任意生物和/或生理活性物质。该术语包括药物物质、激素、基因或基因序列、包括抗原的物质、蛋白质、肽类、营养物等,例如维生素、矿物、脂质和碳水化合物及其混合物。因此,该术语包括在治疗和/或预防影响动物或人的疾病或障碍中或调节任何动物或人生理条件中具有应用的物质。该术语还包括在以有效量给药时对活细胞或生物体具有作用的任意生物活性物质。
适用于本发明片剂的活性物质的实例主要为任意活性物质,诸如,例如自由水溶性以及较为微溶或不溶的活性物质。因此,适合于应用的有关活性物质的实例为:例如抗菌物质、抗组胺类和减充血剂、抗炎药、抗寄生物药、抗病毒药、局部麻醉药、抗真菌药、amoebicidals或杀滴虫药(trichomonocidal agents)、止痛药、抗焦虑药、抗凝药、抗关节炎药、止喘药、抗关节炎药、抗凝剂、抗惊厥剂、抗抑郁药、抗糖尿病药、抗青光眼药、抗疟药、抗微生物剂、抗肿瘤药、减肥药、抗精神病药、抗高血压药、镇咳药、自身免疫性障碍活性剂、抗阳痿药、抗帕金森综合征药、抗阿尔茨海默病药、解热药、抗胆碱能药、抗溃疡药、减食欲剂、β-受体阻断剂、β-2激动剂、β激动剂、降血糖药、支气管扩张药、对中枢神经系统具有作用的活性剂、心血管药、认知促进剂、避孕药、降胆固醇药、细胞抑制剂、利尿剂、杀菌剂、H-2阻滞剂、激素药、催眠剂、影响收缩力药、肌松药、肌肉收缩药、兴奋剂药品、镇静药、拟交感神经药、血管扩张药、血管收缩药、镇定剂、电解质补充剂、维生素、抗刺激剂、兴奋药、抗-激素、药物拮抗剂、调血脂药、促尿酸排除剂、强心苷、祛痰剂、泻药、造影剂、放射性药物、显像剂、肽类、酶、生长因子等。
具体实例包括:例如
抗炎药类,例如布洛芬、吲哚美辛、萘普生、烯丙吗啡;
抗帕金森综合征药类,例如溴隐亭、biperidin、苯海索、苯扎托品等;
抗抑郁药类,例如丙米嗪、去甲替林、pritiptyline等;
抗生素类,例如克林霉素、红霉素(erythomycin)、夫西地酸、庆大霉素、莫匹罗星、安福霉素、新霉素、甲硝唑、磺胺甲噻二唑、杆菌肽、新霉素B、多粘菌素B、acitromycin等;
抗真菌药类,例如咪康唑、酮康唑、克霉唑、两性霉素B、制霉菌素、美吡拉敏、益康唑、氟康唑、氟胞嘧啶(flucytocine)、灰黄霉素、联苯苄唑、阿莫罗芬(amorofine)、制霉菌素、伊曲康唑、terbenafine、特康唑、托萘酯等;
抗微生物剂类,例如甲硝唑、四环素类、土霉素类(oxytetracylines)、青霉素类(peniciilins)等;
止吐药类,例如甲氧氯普胺、氟哌利多、氟哌啶醇、异丙嗪等;
抗组胺类,例如氯苯那敏、特非那定、曲普利啶等;
抗偏头痛药类,例如双氢麦角胺、麦角胺、pizofylline等;
冠状、脑或末梢血管扩张药类,例如硝苯地平、地尔硫卓等;
抗心绞痛药,诸如,例如硝酸甘油、硝酸异山梨酯、吗多明、维拉帕米等;
钙通道阻滞剂类,例如维拉帕米、硝苯地平、地尔硫卓、尼卡地平等;
激素药类,例如雌二醇、雌酮、雌三醇、聚雌二醇、聚雌三醇、己二烯雌酚、己烯雌酚、黄体酮、二氢孕酮、环丙孕酮、达那唑、睾酮等;
避孕药类,例如乙炔雌二醇、利奈孕酮、炔诺醇、炔诺酮、美雌醇、炔诺孕酮、左炔诺孕酮、去氧孕烯(desodestrel)、甲羟孕酮等;
抗血栓形成药类,例如肝素、华法林等;
利尿剂类,例如氢氯噻嗪、氟桂利嗪、米诺地尔等;
抗高血压药类,例如心得安、美托洛尔、可乐定、吲哚洛尔等;
皮质类固醇类,例如倍氯米松、倍他米松、倍他米松-17-戊酸酯、二丙酸倍他米松、氯倍他索、氯倍他索-17-丁酸酯、丙酸氯倍米松、地奈德、去氧米松、地塞米松、二氟可龙、二氟美松、新戊酸氟美松、氟轻松、fluocinoide、氢化可的松、氢化可的松-17-丁酸酯、氢化可的松丁丙酸酯、甲泼尼龙、曲安奈德、hacinonide、醋酸氟泼尼定(fluprednide acetate)、alklometasone-dipropionate、氟可龙、丙酸氟替卡松(fluticason-propionte)、糠酸莫米松、去氧米松、diflurason-diacetate、哈喹诺、cliochinol、chlorchinaldol、氟轻松等;
皮肤病药类,例如呋喃妥因、地蒽酚、氯碘羟喹、羟喹、isotretionin、甲氧沙林、甲氨蝶呤、tretionin、trioxalen、水杨酸、青霉胺等;
类固醇类,例如雌二醇、黄体酮、炔诺酮、左炔诺孕酮、炔诺醇、左旋甲炔诺酮(levonorgestrol)、诺孕酯、烯丙雌烯醇、去氧孕烯、3-酮-去氧孕烯(desogesterel)、地美孕酮、丙甲雄酚、睾酮、螺内酯及其酯类等;
硝基化合物类,例如亚硝酸异戊酯、硝化甘油和硝酸异山梨酯等;
阿片类,例如吗啡、丁丙诺啡、羟吗啡酮、氢吗啡酮、可待因、曲马多等;
前列腺素,诸如,例如PGA、PGB、PGE或PGF系列中的成员,诸如,例如minoprostol、地诺前列酮、卡前列素、eneprostil等;
肽类,例如生长激素释放因子、生长因子(例如表皮生长因子(EGF)、神经生长因子(NGF)、TGF、PDGF、胰岛素生长因子(IGF)、成纤维细胞生长因子(aFGF、bFGF等)、生长抑素、降钙素、胰岛素、加压素、干扰素、IL-2等、尿激酶、沙雷菌肽酶、超氧化物歧化酶、促甲状腺激素释放激素、促黄体激素-释放激素(LH-RH)、促肾上腺皮质素释放激素、生长激素释放激素(GHRH)、缩宫素、红细胞生成素(EPO)、集落刺激因子(CSF)等;
关注的其它活性物质包括泛醌(Coenzyme Q10);ω-3脂肪酸,包括含有这类脂肪酸的鱼油;他汀类药物,包括辛伐他汀、洛伐他汀、阿托伐他汀、普伐他汀、普伐他汀、罗苏伐他汀等;非诺贝特。
有意义的实例还有处方药类:
心血管药
Zocor、Lipitor、Prevachol、Mevalotin、Mevacor、Lescol、TriCor、Norvasc、Cozaar和Hyzaar、Prinivil和Prinzide、Diovan/Co-Diovan、Zestril、Vasotech和Vaseretic、Lotensin/Cibacen和Lotrel、Adalat、Toprol-XL/Seloken、Tritace/Delix、Accupril和Accuretic、Avapro和Avalide、Plendil、Monopril、Blopress、Atacand、Tenormin、Avapro/Aprovel、Coreg、Altace、Capoten、Plavix、Lovenox/Clexane、Fraxiparine、ReoPro、Panaldine、Cordarone
中枢神经系统药物
Paxil/Seroxat、Zolotoft、Prozac、Prozac Weekly和Sarafem、Effexor、Wellbutrin、Celexa、Remeron、Serzone、Zyprexa、Risperdal、Seroquel、Clozaril/Leponex、Neurontin、Depaktoke、Lamictal、Topamax、Tegretol、Imitrex/Imigran、Zomig、Maxalt、Ambien、Stilnox、Ultane/Sevorane、Diprivan、BuSpar、Xanax、Aricept、Memantine、Adderall、Dystonia、Botox;
抗感染药
Augmentin、Cipro/Ciprobay、Zithromax、Biaxin、Levaquin和Floxin、Rocephin、Primaxin、Ceftin/Zinnat、Cravit、Zosyn/Tazocin、Cefzil、Tequin、Tortaz/Fortum、Combivir、Zerit、Valtrex、Epivir、Zovirax、Crixivan、Viracept、Viramune、Kaletra、Diflucan、Lamisil、Sporanox
呼吸系统药物
ClaritinAllegra、Telfast、Zyrtec、Flonase/Flixonase、Atrovent、Nasonex、Rhinocort、Alesion、Singulair、Flovent/Flixotide、Advair/Seretide、Serevent、Pulmicort、Ventoline、Combivent、Synagis、Mucosolvan;
胃肠药
Prilosec/Losec、Prevacid、Gaster、Takepron、Zantac、Pantozol、Nexium、Protonix、Aciphex/Pariet、Pepcid、Axid、Zoton、Zofran
癌症药物
Taxol、Taxotere、Nolvadex、Herceptin、Ellence/Pharmorubicin、Lupron、Zoladex、Leuplin、Casodex、Intron A、Peg-Intron和Rebertron、Rituxan、Gemzar、Paraplatin、Camptosar
抗关节炎药/止痛药
血液病治疗
糖尿病药
Glucophage、Humulin Avandia、Humalog、Actos、Amaryl、Glucovance、Glucophage XR、Glucotrol XL、Precose/Glucobay
骨代谢调节剂
尿道障碍药
激素
免疫抑制剂
多发性硬化药
生物制品
性功能障碍药
显像剂
眼科药
皮肤科药
生长不足疗法
不孕症药
Gonal-F、Follistim(Puregon
戈谢(Gaucher)病药
减肥药
肢端肥大症药
避孕药
微溶、难溶或不溶于水的活性物质的其它有意义的实例如下表中所示:
表1
难溶药物候选物
药物名称 | 治疗类型 | 在水中的溶解性 |
阿普唑仑胺碘酮氨氯地平阿司咪唑阿替洛尔硫唑嘌呤氮卓斯汀倍氯米松布地奈德丁丙诺啡布他比妥卡马西平卡比多巴头孢噻肟头孢氨苄考来烯胺环丙沙星西沙必利顺铂克拉霉素氯硝西泮氯氮平 | CNS心血管心血管呼吸心血管抗癌呼吸呼吸呼吸CNSCNSCNSCNS抗感染抗感染心血管抗感染胃肠抗癌抗感染CNSCNS | 不溶极微溶微溶不溶微溶不溶不溶不溶难溶(sparingly)微溶不溶不溶微溶难溶(sparingly)微溶不溶不溶不溶微溶不溶微溶微溶 |
(接续)
药物名称 | 治疗类型 | 在水中的溶解性 |
环孢霉素地西泮地西泮钠地高辛双嘧达莫双丙戊酸钠多巴酚丁胺多沙唑嗪依那普利雌二醇依托度酸依托泊苷法莫替丁非洛地平柠檬酸芬太尼非索非那定非那雄胺氟康唑Flunosolide氟比洛芬氟伏沙明呋塞米格列吡嗪格列本脲布洛芬硝酸异山梨酯异维A酸伊拉地平Itraconzole酮康唑 | 免疫抑制剂CNSNSAID心血管心血管CNS心血管心血管心血管激素NSAID抗癌胃肠道心血管CNS呼吸泌尿生殖抗真菌呼吸NSAIDCNS心血管代谢代谢NSAID心血管皮肤病心血管抗真菌抗真菌 | 实际上不溶微溶难溶不溶微溶微溶难溶微溶难溶不溶不溶极微溶微溶不溶难溶微溶不溶微溶不溶微溶难溶不溶不溶难溶不溶难溶不溶不溶不溶不溶 |
酮洛芬 | NSAID | 微溶 |
(接续)
药物名称 | 治疗类型 | 在水中的溶解性 |
拉莫三嗪兰索拉唑洛哌丁胺氯雷他定劳拉西泮洛伐他汀甲羟孕酮甲芬那酸甲泼尼龙咪达唑仑莫米松萘丁美酮萘普生麦角溴烟酯硝苯地平诺氟沙星奥美拉唑紫杉醇苯妥英吡罗昔康喹那普利雷米普利利培酮沙奎那韦舍曲林辛伐他汀特比萘芬特非那定曲安西龙丙戊酸唑吡坦 | CNS胃肠道胃肠道呼吸CNS心血管激素止痛类固醇麻醉类固醇NSAIDNSAIDCNS心血管抗感染胃肠道抗癌CNSNSAID心血管心血管CNS蛋白酶抑制剂CNS心血管抗真菌呼吸类固醇CNSCNS | 微溶不溶微溶不溶不溶不溶不溶微溶不溶不溶不溶不溶不溶不溶实际上不溶微溶微溶不溶不溶难溶不溶不溶不溶实际上不溶微溶不溶微溶微溶不溶微溶难溶 |
表2
具有低生物利用度的难溶药物
药物名称 | 适应征 | 在水中的溶解性 | 生物利用度 |
阿司咪唑环扁桃酯奋乃静睾酮法莫替丁布地奈德美沙拉秦富马酸氯马斯汀丁丙诺啡舍曲林金诺芬非洛地平伊拉地平达那唑氯雷他定硝酸异山梨酯氟奋乃静螺内酯比哌立登环孢菌素诺氟沙星西沙必利萘丁美酮屈大麻酚洛伐他汀辛伐他汀 | 过敏性鼻炎外周血管疾病精神障碍雄激素替代疗法GERD过敏性鼻炎肠易激综合征过敏性鼻炎疼痛焦虑关节炎高血压高血压子宫内膜异位过敏性鼻炎心绞痛精神障碍高血压,水肿帕金森病移植细菌感染GERD关节炎止吐高脂血症高脂血症 | 不溶不溶不溶不溶微溶难溶微溶微溶微溶微溶微溶不溶不溶不溶不溶难溶不溶不溶难溶微溶微溶不溶不溶不溶不溶不溶 | 低-中等低低低低(39-50%)低(~15%)低(~20%)低(~39%)低(<30%)低(<44%)低(15-25%)低(15%)低(15-24%)低低低(20-35%)低(2-3%)低(2 5%)低(29-33%)低(30%)低(30-40%)低(35-40%)低(35%)低10-20%)低(~5%)低(<5%) |
可以根据已知的药物制剂原理选择掺入片剂的活性物质的量。一般来说,存在于本发明片剂中的活性物质的剂量特别取决于具体的药物物质、患者的年龄和病情以及所治疗的疾病。
在本发明的一个具体的实施方案中,所述的治疗、预防和/或诊断活性物质在环境温度下为固体。然而,这不是绝对的要求,它在室温下也可以为液体。活性物质还可以以活性物质在药物上可接受的液体制剂中的分散体形式存在,或活性物质可以以乳剂,包括SMEDD(自微乳化递药系统)形式存在。
如上所述,活性物质可以分散于药物上可接受的液体制剂中。在一个具体的实施方案中,将活性物质至少部分溶于药物上可接受的液体制剂和/或其至少部分以非晶形存在。
本发明的其它方面
本发明还涉及制备片剂的方法,包括下列步骤:
i)制备如权利要求1-32中任一项所述的适于承载的片剂,该片剂任选包括一种或多种治疗、预防和/或诊断活性物质;
ii)给获自步骤i)的适于承载的片剂加载如权利要求33-59中任一项所述的药物上可接受的液体制剂,该液体制剂任选包括一种或多种治疗、预防和/或诊断活性物质,加载时间为足以用所述的药物上可接受的液体制剂饱和所述的适于承载的片剂的时间期限。
通过喷雾给所述适于承载的片剂加载任选包括一种或多种治疗、预防和/或诊断活性物质的药物上可接受的液体制剂,或该过程通过将适于承载的片剂置于过量的任选包括一种或多种治疗、预防和/或诊断活性物质的药物上可接受的液体制剂中进行。
在上述方法中,对相当于1kg的适于承载的片剂的量而言,步骤ii)中的时间期限至多约60分钟,诸如,例如至多约45分钟或至多约30分钟(并且对另一重量超过1kg的批量而言为相应的时间期限)。
在下列非限制性实施例中进一步解释本发明。
实施例
实施例1
适于承载的片剂的制备及其特性
基于吸收油的物质Aeroperl 300(二氧化硅,Degussa)、NeusilinUS2(偏硅酸镁铝,Fuji Chemical Industry)Avicel(微晶纤维素,FMC)和Fujicalin SG,(无水二碱式磷酸钙,Fuji Chemical Industry)制备6种片剂组合物。
组合物1
Neusilin US2 99%
硬脂酸镁 1%
组合物2
Avicel PH102 99%
硬脂酸镁 1%
组合物3
Aeroperl 300 80%
PEG 6000 19%
硬脂酸镁 1%
组合物4
Aeroperl 300 55%
Avicel PH 101 44%
硬脂酸镁 1%
组合物5
Avicel PH 102 99%
硬脂酸镁 1%
组合物6
Fujicalin 99%
硬脂酸镁 1%
将硬脂酸镁与剩余的成分在振荡掺合机中掺合3分钟。在单冲头压片机Diaf TM20上压制片剂。片剂大小:9mm圆形化合物杯。
将片剂放入玉米油24小时。油在第1小时内完全吸收。
给组合物5的片剂加载Imwitor 308、Sasol(单辛酸甘油酯)与10%溶解的辛伐他汀。在相当于40℃的超过Imwitor 308熔点(m.p.35℃)的温度下进行油的加载。
组合物1.
片剂号 | 片芯重, mg | 片芯包含的油mg | 吸收的油,mg | 吸收的油% |
1 | 142 | 367 | 225 | 61.3 |
2 | 139 | 364 | 225 | 61.8 |
3 | 143 | 369 | 226 | 61.2 |
4 | 144 | 367 | 223 | 60.8 |
5 | 142 | 370 | 228 | 61.6 |
6 | 150 | 370 | 220 | 59.5 |
平均值 | 143 | 368 | 224.5 | 61.0 |
表1.含有Neusilin US2的片剂的吸油能力。(组合物1)通过Schleuninger 8M片剂硬度测试仪测定片剂硬度。
加载油前的平均片剂硬度,N | 加载油后的平均片剂硬度,N |
38 | 34 |
表2.加载油前后的片剂硬度(组合物1)
在加载油前后崩解时间超过了24小时。
通过添加浓度为1%的Ac-di-sol将崩解时间降至15分钟以下(加载前)并且在油加载后降至5小时。Ac-di-sol(交联甲羧纤维素钠,FMC)为不影响Neusilin的油吸收能力的超崩解剂。
基于片剂密度ρt和组分的“真密度”ρs计算加载前片剂的孔隙率。根据等式1计算片剂的孔隙率ε。
片剂的密度基于片剂的重量与体积之比。组分的“真密度”基于使用Micromeritics Accupyc 1330在氦气中测定的气体比重瓶测量密度。
根据等式2计算基于重量的玉米油最大加载能力。
加载能力 等式2
玉米油的密度ρ1=0.92g/cm3
片剂的孔隙率% | 最大油加载能力% | 测定的油加载量% |
80 | 63 | 61 |
表3.油加载能力的应用(组合物1)。
组合物2
片剂号 | 片芯重,mg | 片芯包含的油mg | 吸收的油,mg | 吸收的油% |
1 | 232 | 349 | 117 | 33.52 |
片剂号 | 片芯重,mg | 片芯包含的油mg | 吸收的油,mg | 吸收的油% |
2 | 229 | 351 | 122 | 34.76 |
3 | 230 | 351 | 121 | 34.47 |
4 | 229 | 349 | 120 | 34.38 |
5 | 229 | 353 | 124 | 35.13 |
6 | 230 | 349 | 119 | 34.10 |
平均值 | 230 | 350 | 121 | 34.39 |
表4.含有Avicel的油吸收能力(组合物2)
通过Schleuninger 8M片剂硬度测试仪测定片剂硬度。
加载油前的平均片剂硬度,N | 加载油后的平均片剂硬度,N |
33 | 32 |
表5.加载油前后的片剂硬度(组合物2)
片剂的孔隙率% | 最大油加载能力% | 测定的油加载量% |
48 | 35 | 34 |
表6.油加载能力的应用(组合物2)
组合物3
片剂号 | 片芯重,mg | 片芯包含的油mg | 吸收的油,mg | 吸收的油% |
1 | 105 | 222 | 117 | 52.7 |
2 | 108 | 226 | 118 | 52.2 |
3 | 113 | 230 | 117 | 50.9 |
4 | 106 | 228 | 122 | 53.5 |
5 | 126 | 232 | 106 | 45.7 |
6 | 110 | 227 | 117 | 51.5 |
平均值 | 111.3 | 227.5 | 116.2 | 51.1 |
表7.含有Aeroperl/PEG 6000的片剂的油吸收能力(组合物3)通过Schleuninger 8M片剂硬度测试仪测定片剂硬度。
加载油前的平均片剂硬度,N | 加载油后的平均片剂硬度,N |
15 | 10 |
表8.加载油前后的片剂硬度(组合物3)
片剂的孔隙率% | 最大油加载能力% | 测定的油加载量% |
70 | 54 | 51 |
表9.油加载能力的应用(组合物3)
组合物4
片剂号 | 片芯重,mg | 片芯包含的油mg | 吸收的油,mg | 吸收的油% |
1 | 192 | 324 | 132 | 40.7 |
2 | 198 | 329 | 131 | 39.8 |
3 | 204 | 329 | 125 | 38.0 |
4 | 193 | 325 | 132 | 40.6 |
5 | 193 | 325 | 132 | 40.6 |
平均值 | 196 | 326 | 130 | 39.9 |
表10.含有Aeroperl/Avicel的片剂的油吸收能力(组合物4)
加载油前的平均片剂硬度,N | 加载油后的平均片剂硬度,N |
30 | 27 |
表11.油加载前后的片剂硬度(组合物4)
加载油前的平均崩解时间,分钟 | 加载油后的平均崩解时间,分钟 |
2 | 1 |
表12.加载油前后的片剂的崩解时间(组合物4)
与组合物3相比,通过添加Avicel PH101而不是PEG 6000改善了压片特性和片剂硬度。
组合物5
片剂号 | 片芯重,mg | 片芯包含的油mg | 吸收的油,mg | 吸收的油% |
1 | 229 | 338 | 109 | 32.2 |
2 | 229 | 337 | 108 | 32.0 |
3 | 229 | 337 | 108 | 32.0 |
4 | 229 | 339 | 110 | 32.4 |
5 | 230 | 338 | 108 | 31.9 |
6 | 229 | 337 | 108 | 32.0 |
7 | 229 | 338 | 109 | 32.2 |
8 | 229 | 338 | 109 | 32.2 |
9 | 229 | 339 | 110 | 32.4 |
10 | 228 | 339 | 111 | 32.7 |
11 | 230 | 340 | 110 | 32.4 |
12 | 230 | 338 | 108 | 31.9 |
平均值 | 229 | 338 | 109 | 32.2 |
表13.含有加载了10%辛伐他汀在Imwitor 308中的溶液的Avicel的片剂油吸收能力(组合物5)
加载油前的平均片剂硬度,N | 加载油后的平均片剂硬度,N |
35 | 32 |
表14.加载了10%辛伐他汀在Imwitor 308中的溶液前后的片剂硬度(组合物5)
加载油前的平均崩解时间,分钟 | 加载油后的平均崩解时间,分钟 |
1 | 2 |
表15.加载油前后的片剂崩解时间(组合物5)
组合物6
片剂号 | 片芯重,mg | 片芯包含的油mg | 吸收的油,mg | 吸收的油% |
1 | 258 | 383 | 125 | 48.4 |
2 | 259 | 384 | 125 | 48.3 |
3 | 259 | 383 | 124 | 47.9 |
4 | 260 | 383 | 123 | 47.3 |
片剂号 | 片芯重,mg | 片芯包含的油mg | 吸收的油,mg | 吸收的油% |
5 | 257 | 382 | 125 | 48.6 |
6 | 261 | 384 | 123 | 47.1 |
平均值 | 259 | 383.2 | 124.2 | 47.9 |
表17.含有加载了玉米油的Fujicalin的片剂的油吸收能力(组合物6).
加载油前的平均片剂硬度,N | 加载油后的平均片剂硬度,N |
42 | 20 |
表18.加载了玉米油前后的片剂硬度(组合物6)
加载油前的平均崩解时间,分钟 | 加载油后的平均崩解时间,分钟 |
2 | 6.1 |
表19.加载了玉米油前后的片剂崩解时间(组合物6)
结论
多孔片剂可以用作油制剂的载体,所述的油制剂诸如油、乳剂、微乳和在升温下液化的半固体,包括作为液体形式的或溶于或分散于液体载体中的药物物质。可以通过常规包衣技术(滚筒、多孔容器或流化床)将油施加在片剂上。应调整油的进料速率以便平衡油吸收入片芯的速率。
根据片芯的孔隙率测定油吸收能力。用油填充片剂空隙接近饱和。
提供30-90%范围孔隙率的片剂的任意物质是适用的。其它非上述的物质可以用作片芯物质,诸如碳酸钙、氧化镁,优选具有令人满意的流动性和高比表面积的喷雾干燥的物质。可以通过添加常用片剂崩解剂调节片剂崩解时间并且用于配制即刻释放片剂和控释骨架片。
加载了活性物质的多孔片剂的实施例(APIs)
实施例2
片芯的规格
Neusilin US2 93mg
硬脂酸镁 1mg
平均片剂硬度: 52N
片剂直径:8mm(化合物杯)
在单冲头压片机Diaf TM20上压制片剂。
加载片的规格(1mg他克莫司)
在环境温度下和包衣容器内将浓度为0.95%的他克莫司溶于聚乙二醇400并且喷在Neusilin US2片芯上。加载的1mg片剂的组合物如表1中所示,相当于200mg加载片重,相当于53%w/w的载体加载量。
平均片剂硬度:52N
物质 | mg |
他克莫司 | 1.00 |
PEG 400 | 105.0 |
Neusilin US 2 | 93 |
物质 | mg |
硬脂酸镁 | 1 |
总计 | 200 |
表20.加载了他克莫司在PEG400中的溶液的1mg片剂组合物。
实施例3
片芯的规格
Neusilin US2 198mg
硬脂酸镁 2mg
平均片剂硬度: 42N
片剂直径:10mm(化合物杯)
在单冲头压片机Diaf TM20上压制片剂。
加载片的规格(20mg阿托伐他汀)
在40℃下将浓度为10%的阿托伐他汀溶于熔化的Imwitor 308(单辛酸甘油酯)并且在包衣容器内喷在加热至35℃的Neusilin US2片芯上。在加载后将加载片在冷藏箱内冷却以便固化载体。
加载的20mg片剂组合物如表2中所示,相当于400mg加载片重,相当于50%w/w的载体加载量。
平均片剂硬度:48N
物质 | mg |
阿托伐他汀 | 20.0 |
Imwitor 308 | 180.0 |
Neusilin US 2 | 198.0 |
硬脂酸镁 | 2.0 |
总计 | 400.0 |
表21.加载了阿托伐他汀在单辛酸甘油酯中的溶液的20mg片剂组合物。
实施例4
片芯的规格
Neusilin US2 351mg
硬脂酸镁 2mg
平均片剂硬度: 60N
片剂形状:长椭圆形片剂9×19mm
在单冲头压片机Diaf TM20上压制片剂。
加载片的规格(145mg非诺贝特)
在80℃温度下将浓度为35%的非诺贝特溶于熔化的聚乙二醇6000和泊洛沙姆188的混合物(70∶30)中并且喷在包衣容器内加热至70℃温度的Neusilin US2片芯上。在加载后将加载片在冷藏箱内冷却至低于PEG和泊洛沙姆的熔点(60℃)的温度。
加载的145mg片剂组合物如表3中所示,相当于767mg加载片重,相当于54%w/w的载体加载量。
平均片剂硬度:57N
物质 | mg |
非诺贝特 | 145.0 |
PEG6000 | 188.4 |
泊洛沙姆188 | 80.8 |
Neusilin US2 | 350.8 |
硬脂酸镁 | 2.0 |
总计 | 767.0 |
表22.加载了非诺贝特在PEG 6000和泊洛沙姆188的熔化混合物(70∶30)中的溶液的145mg片剂组合物
实施例5
片芯的规格
Neusilin US2 84mg
硬脂酸镁 1mg
平均片剂硬度:42N
片剂直径:7mm(化合物杯)
在单冲头压片机Diaf TM20上压制片剂。
加载片的规格(10mg辛伐他汀)
在包衣容器内将浓度为10%的辛伐他汀溶于在Neusilin US2芯上的(MCT)Viscoleo中。加载的10mg片剂组合物如表4中所示,相当于185mg加载片重,相当于54%w/w的载体加载量。
物质 | mg |
辛伐他汀 | 10.0 |
甘油单月桂酸酯 | 89.9 |
Neusilin US 2 | 84.1 |
硬脂酸镁 | 1.0 |
总计 | 185.0 |
表23.加载了辛伐他汀在Viscoleo中的溶液的10mg片剂组合物
实施例6
给neusilin片剂加载Viscoleo(中链甘油酯)
压片过程
在单冲头压片机Diaf TM20上压制Neusilin片剂:
加载前的片剂特性
片剂直径:9mm
片剂形状:化合物杯
片重:134mg
片重差异,Srel:1.6%
片剂硬度:51N(使用硬度测试仪Schleuniger M8测定)
加载过程(负载过程)
在实验室规模的流化床Phast FB100中使用带有顶部喷嘴的包衣部件给50g片剂加载viscoleo。
雾化气流:1m3/小时
流化气流:40m3/小时
液体进料速度:2.5g分钟
直到片剂饱和的包衣时间:30分钟.
重量增加:67.5g viscoleo。
加载后的片剂特性
片重:305mg(加载量56w/w%)
片剂硬度:51N
片重差异,Srel:5.1%
结论
作为流化床的常用包衣设备对在短加工时间内将液体制剂加载到多孔片剂上而言是切实可行的。这些片剂快速吸收通过喷在片剂表面上而施加的液体。片剂硬度不受液体加载的影响。当掺入活性物质时,重量差异从1.6%增加至5.2%,仍然属于与剂量变异相关的可接受限度内。
Claims (65)
1.具有30%v/v或30%v/v以上孔隙率的适于承载的片剂,用作药物上可接受的液体制剂的药物载体组合物,其中该片剂具有20N或20N以上的硬度并且含有至少60%的浓度的硅酸铝作为提供孔隙率的赋形剂。
2.权利要求1的适于承载的片剂,其中所述硅酸铝是偏硅酸铝镁。
5.权利要求1-4任一项的适于承载的片剂,其中提供孔隙率的赋形剂以70%w/w或70%w/w浓度以上存在。
6.权利要求1-4任一项的适于承载的片剂,其中提供孔隙率的赋形剂以80%w/w或80%w/w浓度以上存在。
7.权利要求1-4任一项的适于承载的片剂,其中提供孔隙率的赋形剂以90%w/w或90%w/w浓度以上存在。
8.权利要求1-4任一项的适于承载的片剂,其中提供孔隙率的赋形剂以95%w/w或95%w/w浓度以上存在。
9.权利要求1-4任一项的适于承载的片剂,其中当如本文所述测试时使得片剂加载了至少为20%w/w的玉米油,基于加载时固体剂型的总重。
10.权利要求1-4任一项的适于承载的片剂,其中该片剂具有25N或25N以上的硬度。
11.权利要求1-4任一项的适于承载的片剂,具有5%或5%以下的脆碎度。
12.权利要求1-4任一项的适于承载的片剂,其为治疗惰性的。
13.权利要求12的适于承载的片剂,由一种或多种惰性的药物上可接受的赋形剂组成。
14.权利要求1-4任一项或权利要求13所述的片剂,加载了药物上可接受的液体制剂,其浓度为20%w/w或20%w/w以上,基于加载时固体剂型的总重。
15.权利要求14的片剂,其中药物上可接受的液体制剂的存在浓度为40%w/w或40%w/w以上,基于加载时固体剂型的总重。
16.权利要求15的片剂,其中药物上可接受的液体制剂在最高150℃的温度下具有至多600mPa sec的粘度。
17.权利要求15的片剂,其中药物上可接受的液体制剂具有至少0℃且最高250℃的熔点。
18.权利要求17的片剂,其中药物上可接受的液体制剂具有5℃或5℃以上的熔点。
19.权利要求15或18的片剂,其中药物上可接受的液体制剂是油或油-样物质。
20.权利要求15或18的片剂,其中药物上可接受的液体制剂是药物上可接受的溶剂。
21.权利要求19的片剂,其中所述的油或油-样物质选自水、植物油、氢化植物油和动物油组成的组。
22.权利要求21的片剂,其中所述的油或油-样物质选自杏油、扁桃油、鳄梨油、蓖麻油、椰子油脂肪、可可脂、玉米油、棉子油、葡萄子油、霍霍巴油、亚麻子油、玉蜀黍油、橄榄油、棕榈油、花生油、罂粟籽油、菜子油、芝麻油、大豆油、向日葵油、蓟子油、核桃油、麦芽油、牛油、猪油、妥尔油、鲸油及其混合物组成的组。
23.权利要求21的片剂,其中所述的油或油-样物质为亲水性油或油-样物质,该亲水性油或油-样物质选自下列物质组成的组:聚醚二醇类;聚氧乙烯类;聚氧丙烯类;泊洛沙姆类;及其混合物;或该亲水性油或油-样物质选自下列物质组成的组:木糖醇、山梨醇、酒石酸钾钠、蔗糖三山萮酸酯、葡萄糖、鼠李糖、拉克替醇、山萮酸、氢醌一甲醚、乙酸钠、富马酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸、柠檬酸、Gelucire 50/13、其它Gelucire类、Sucro-酯7、Sucro-酯11、Sucro-酯15、麦芽糖、甘露糖醇及其混合物。
24.权利要求23的片剂,其中所述的聚醚二醇类选自聚乙二醇类和聚丙二醇类。
25.权利要求23的片剂,其中所述的其它Gelucire类选自Gelucire44/14、Gelucire 50/10和Gelucire 62/05。
26.权利要求21的片剂,其中所述的油或油-样物质为疏水性油或油-样物质,该疏水性油或油-样物质选自下列物质组成的组:直链饱和烃类、脱水山梨糖醇酯类、石蜡;脂肪类和油;高级脂肪酸;高级醇类;低熔点蜡;NVP聚合物、PVP聚合物、丙烯酸聚合物或其混合物。
27.权利要求26的片剂,其中所述脂肪类和油选自可可脂,牛油,猪油,聚醚乙二醇酯类。
28.权利要求26的片剂,其中所述高级脂肪酸选自硬脂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸。
29.权利要求26的片剂,其中所述高级醇选自鲸蜡醇、十八烷醇。
30.权利要求26的片剂,其中所述低熔点蜡选自单硬脂酸甘油酯、单油酸甘油酯、氢化脂、肉豆蔻醇、十八烷醇、取代和/或未被取代的单酸甘油酯类、取代和/或未被取代的甘油二酯类、取代和/或未被取代的甘油三酯类、黄蜂蜡、白蜂蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、蓖麻蜡、日本蜡、乙酰化单酸甘油酯类。
31.权利要求21的片剂,其中所述的油或油-样物质为具有400-35,000范围平均分子量的聚乙二醇,聚乙二醇1,000、聚乙二醇2,000、聚乙二醇3,000、聚乙二醇4,000、聚乙二醇5,000、聚乙二醇6000、聚乙二醇7,000、聚乙二醇8,000、聚乙二醇9,000、聚乙二醇10,000、聚乙二醇15,000、聚乙二醇20,000或聚乙二醇35,000。
32.权利要求21的片剂,其中所述的油或油-样物质为具有如下分子量的聚环氧乙烷:2,000-7,000,000。
33.权利要求21的片剂,其中所述的油或油-样物质为泊洛沙姆、或环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的其它嵌段共聚物。
34.权利要求33的片剂,其中所述的泊洛沙姆选自泊洛沙姆188、泊洛沙姆237、泊洛沙姆338和泊洛沙姆407。
36.权利要求21的片剂,其中所述的油或油-样物质为脱水山梨糖醇酯。
37.权利要求36的片剂,其中所述脱水山梨糖醇酯选自脱水山梨糖醇二异硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇二油酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单异硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单棕榈酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇倍半异硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇倍半油酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇倍半硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇三异硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇三油酸酯和脱水山梨糖醇三硬脂酸酯和其混合物。
38.权利要求21的片剂,其中所述的油或油-样物质为不同的油或油-样物质的混合物。
39.权利要求38的片剂,其中所述混合物是亲水性和/或疏水性物质的混合物。
40.权利要求38的片剂,其中所述的油或油-样物质为溶剂或半-固体赋形剂类,其选自聚乙醇酸化甘油酯类;来源于植物的复合脂肪物质;植物油类;氢化植物油;来源于动物的天然脂肪物质;脂肪醇类;酯类;液体酯交换半合成甘油酯类;酰胺或脂肪酸醇酰胺类,单和二-甘油酯的乙酸酯类、单和二-甘油酯的柠檬酸酯类、单和二-甘油酯的乳酸酯类、单和二-甘油酯类、脂肪酸的聚甘油酯类、聚甘油聚蓖麻油酸酯、脂肪酸的丙二醇酯类、脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇三硬脂酸酯、硬脂酰乳酰乳酸钠、硬脂酰乳酰乳酸钙、单和二-甘油酯的二乙酰基酒石酸酯类。
41.权利要求40的片剂,其中所述的溶剂或半-固体赋形剂类选自丙二醇。
42.权利要求40的片剂,其中所述的聚乙醇酸化甘油酯类选自Gelucire 44/14
43.权利要求40的片剂,其中所述的来源于植物的复合脂肪物质选自可可油和巴西棕榈蜡。
44.权利要求40的片剂,其中所述植物油选自杏仁油,椰子油、玉米油、棉子油、芝麻油、大豆油、橄榄油、蓖麻油、棕榈仁油、花生油,菜油、葡萄子油。
45.权利要求40的片剂,其中所述氢化植物油选自氢化花生油、氢化棕榈仁油、氢化棉子油、氢化大豆油、氢化蓖麻油、氢化椰子油。
46.权利要求40的片剂,其中所述来源于动物的天然脂肪物质选自蜂蜡和羊毛脂。
47.权利要求40的片剂,其中所述脂肪醇选自鲸蜡醇、十八烷醇、月桂醇、肉豆蔻醇、棕榈醇、硬脂酸脂肪醇类。
48.权利要求40的片剂,其中所述酯选自硬脂酸甘油酯、硬脂酸乙二醇酯、油酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯。
49.权利要求40的片剂,其中所述液体酯交换半合成甘油酯是Miglycol 810/812。
50.权利要求40的片剂,其中所述酰胺或脂肪醇酰胺选自硬脂酰胺乙醇、脂肪椰子酸的二乙醇酰胺。
51.权利要求15、18或21~50的任一项所述的片剂,其中药物上可接受的液体制剂为分散体,其是乳剂;微乳;或悬浮液。
52.权利要求45的任一项所述的片剂,其中微乳是自-微乳化递药系统。
53.权利要求15、18或21~50的任一项所述的片剂,其中在该片剂中药物上可接受的液体制剂的浓度为5%w/w或5%w/w以上。
54.权利要求15、18或21~53的任一项所述的片剂,进一步包含一种或多种治疗、预防和/或诊断活性物质。
55.权利要求54的片剂,其中将所述的活性物质分散在所述的药物上可接受的液体制剂中。
56.权利要求54的片剂,其中将所述的活性物质至少部分溶于所述的药物上可接受的液体制剂中。
57.权利要求54的片剂,其中所述的活性物质至少部分以无定形形式存在。
58.权利要求15、18或21~50的任一项或55~56的任一项所述的片剂,其具有至少25N的硬度。
59.权利要求15、18或21~50的任一项或55~56的任一项所述的片剂,其为具有至多5%脆碎度的片剂形式。
60.权利要求15、18或21~50的任一项或55~56的任一项所述的片剂,其根据Ph.Eur.测试具有至多15分钟的崩解时间。
61.权利要求54的片剂,其中在按照USP的溶出方法测试时,在30分钟内释放至少75%的治疗、预防和/或诊断活性物质。
62.制备片剂的方法,其包括下列步骤:
i)制备如权利要求1-13中任一项所述的适于承载的片剂,该片剂包含一种或多种治疗、预防和/或诊断活性物质;
ii)给获自步骤i)的适于承载的片剂加载如权利要求14-54中任一项所述的药物上可接受的液体制剂,该液体制剂包含一种或多种治疗、预防和/或诊断活性物质,加载时间为足以用所述的药物上可接受的液体制剂饱和所述的适于承载的片剂的时间期限。
63.权利要求62的方法,其中通过喷雾给所述适于承载的片剂加载任选包含一种或多种治疗、预防和/或诊断活性物质的药物上可接受的液体制剂。
64.权利要求62的方法,其中通过将适于承载的片剂置于过量的包含一种或多种治疗、预防和/或诊断活性物质的药物上可接受的液体制剂中给所述适于承载的片剂加载包含一种或多种治疗、预防和/或诊断活性物质的药物上可接受的液体制剂。
65.权利要求62-64中任一项的方法,其中对相当于1kg的适于承载的片剂的量而言,步骤ii)中的时间期限至多60分钟。
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EA013632B1 (ru) | 2010-06-30 |
AU2005256322C1 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
KR101352299B1 (ko) | 2014-02-17 |
WO2006000229A2 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
CA2572180A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
EA200700173A1 (ru) | 2007-04-27 |
MXPA06014894A (es) | 2007-03-21 |
CN1976751A (zh) | 2007-06-06 |
US20090181083A1 (en) | 2009-07-16 |
EP1765297A2 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
AU2005256322A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
BRPI0512660A (pt) | 2008-04-01 |
JP5403912B2 (ja) | 2014-01-29 |
WO2006000229A3 (en) | 2006-08-24 |
CA2572180C (en) | 2014-05-20 |
JP2008504308A (ja) | 2008-02-14 |
AU2005256322B2 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
KR20070035033A (ko) | 2007-03-29 |
CN101001613A (zh) | 2007-07-18 |
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