JP5468643B2 - 感染予防治療剤、抗エンドトキシン剤、ワクチンアジュバント剤および成長促進剤 - Google Patents
感染予防治療剤、抗エンドトキシン剤、ワクチンアジュバント剤および成長促進剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5468643B2 JP5468643B2 JP2012131814A JP2012131814A JP5468643B2 JP 5468643 B2 JP5468643 B2 JP 5468643B2 JP 2012131814 A JP2012131814 A JP 2012131814A JP 2012131814 A JP2012131814 A JP 2012131814A JP 5468643 B2 JP5468643 B2 JP 5468643B2
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Description
本発明はまた、ヒト又は動物の感染を予防治療する食品又は飼料に関する。
本発明はまた、ヒト又は動物のエンドトキシンによる疾患を予防治療する食品又は飼料に関する。
本発明はまた、ヒト又は動物のワクチンに関するアジュバント作用を有する食品又は飼料に関する。
本発明はまた、ヒト又は動物の成長を促進する食品又は飼料に関する。
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に解説する。実施例で使用する物質の投与量に関する記載、例えば「10mg/kg」または「10mg/kg体重」は、体重1kg当たり10mgを投与したという意味である。
原糖製造工場の製造工程にて得られた甘蔗の圧搾汁(固形分18.8%)650リットルを、ジュースヒーターで80℃に加温し、管型限外ろ過(MH−25型、有効膜面積2m2×3本、分画分子量10万、ダイセル化学工業株式会社製)でろ過処理して、約600リットルの処理液を得た。
原糖製造工場の製造工程にて得られた清浄汁(固形分11.7%)600リットルをそのまま限外ろ過処理せずに使用した以外は製造例1と同様にして、カラム処理を行った。このときの溶出パターンを図2に示す(1:圧搾汁ろ過処理液の通液開始時点、2:イオン交換水での洗浄開始時点、3:55%エタノール−水混合溶媒での溶出開始時点)。図2において、Bの画分を分取し、減圧濃縮した後、1晩凍結乾燥して、225gの茶褐色の粉末(甘蔗由来のエキス)を得た。
原料糖製造工場で得られた乾燥バガス1kgをナイロンネット製の袋に入れ、袋ごとタンクに入れ、80℃の水を25リットル添加し、1時間攪拌抽出した。得られた抽出液をコットンフィルターで濾過し、異物を除去した。濾液を遠心式薄膜濃縮機で減圧濃縮した後、1晩凍結乾燥して、26.31gの茶褐色の粉末(甘蔗由来のエキス)を得た。
原料糖製造工場で得られた乾燥バガス350gをナイロンネット製の袋に入れ、50/50体積比のエタノール/水の5250mlを添加し、室温で2時間攪拌抽出した。得られた抽出液をアドバンテック東洋株式会社No.2濾紙で濾過し、異物を濾過した。濾液をエバポレーターで減圧濃縮した後、一晩凍結乾燥して、6.72gの茶褐色の粉末(甘蔗由来のエキス)を得た。
原糖工場において、結晶缶にて2回蔗糖結晶を回収し、遠心分離により結晶を除いた振蜜である2番蜜を原料として、陽イオン交換樹脂を充填した分離塔を用いた擬似移動床式連続分離法により、イオン交換カラムクロマト分離を行った。
原糖工場で得られた2番蜜処理液を原料として、単塔式回分分離法によるイオン交換カラムクロマトグラフィー処理を行った。
糖分含量から、サンプル1〜3が非糖分画分に相当し、サンプル4〜8が糖分画分に相当する事が判る。
イオン交換膜としてカチオン交換膜セレミオンCMV(商品名、旭硝子株式会社製)およびアニオン交換膜セレミオンAMV(商品名、旭硝子株式会社製)を備えた電気透析槽(CH−0型、旭硝子株式会社製)用いて、製造例5で得た甘蔗由来のエキス(濃縮された液体)を電気透析に付して、脱塩を行った。
製造例1で得られたエキス粉末を使用して、ラットを用いた単回経口投与毒性試験を行った。Sprauge-Dawley系SPFラット(Crj:CD(SD))の雌雄各16匹を5週令で入手し、約1週間検疫・馴化飼育した後、健康な動物を選び、6週令で試験に供した。投与時の体重範囲は雄で157〜171g、雌で123〜133gであった。
結果を以下の表2に示す。
製造例1〜4で得られたエキス粉末をそれぞれ用いて、大腸菌(Escherichia coli)6種に対する最小発育阻止濃度(MIC μg/ml)を、日本化学療法学会法に準拠して調べた。エキスを滅菌蒸留水で溶解・希釈し、100μg/ml、300μg/ml、1000μg/ml、3000μg/ml、10000μg/mlの5段階で測定した。その結果、大腸菌6種に対するMICはすべて10000μg/mlであり、強い抗菌活性は認められなかった。結果を以下の表3に示す。
製造例1および2で得られた甘蔗由来のエキス粉末をそれぞれ用いて、コクサッキーウイルス(Coxsackie virus type B6 Schmitt株)及びヘルペスウイルス(Herpes simplex virus type 1 HF株)の増殖抑制能を調べた。
Slc:ICRマウス雄5週令(体重約30g)を一群10匹で供試し、菌攻撃1日前に、前記製造例1〜4で調製したエキスをそれぞれ滅菌蒸留水で溶解または懸濁したものを、100mg/kg又は500mg/kgになるように強制経口投与した。一方、対照区にも、同容量の滅菌蒸留水を経口投与した。菌攻撃は、ヒト由来大腸菌(E.coli)の希釈菌液の1MLDの菌量0.2ml(4.0×107CFU/マウス)を、マウスの皮下に接種し、4日後の生存率を求めた。判定はχ2検定により検定し、その結果を表7に示した。
1)供試したエキス
製造例1〜4で調製した甘蔗由来のエキス粉末の他に、以下の処理エキスを調製した。まず、製造例2で調製したエキスを滅菌水に懸濁し、分画分子量1000のセルロースエステル製の透析チューブ(Spectra/Por(商標) CE (Cellulose Ester) Membrum MWCO:1000、スペクトラム社製)に入れ、滅菌水に対して透析を行った。得られた透析膜の内液を分子量1000以上の画分、外液を分子量1000以下の画分としてそれぞれ濃縮、乾固し試験に用いた。
2)抗ウイルス試験
Slc:ICRマウス雄5週令(体重約30g)を一群10匹で供試し、ウイルス攻撃直後、1日後、2日後の計3回(又は1日3回×3日間連続投与の計9回)のタイミングで、製造例1〜4のエキス、及び製造例2の処理エキス(分子量1000以下の画分及び分子量1000以上の画分)を、それぞれ滅菌蒸留水で溶解または懸濁したものを、表7に示す量で強制経口投与または筋肉内投与した。一方、対照区にも同容量の滅菌蒸留水を経口投与した。ウイルス攻撃は、ブタ由来オーエスキーウイルスの希釈ウイルス液の1MLD(133PFU/mouse)のウイルス量0.2mlをマウスの皮下に接種し、7日後の生存率を求めた。判定はχ2検定により検定し、その結果を表8に示した。
1)供試したエキス
製造例5で調製したイオンクロマト分離によるエキスの粉末、および製造例7で調製したイオンクロマト分離によるエキスの脱塩物の粉末を用いた。
2)大腸菌感染防御試験
Slc:ICRマウス雄5週令(体重約30g)を一群10匹で供試し、菌攻撃1日前に、上記エキス粉末をそれぞれ滅菌蒸留水で溶解または懸濁したものを表9に示す量で強制経口投与した。一方、対照区にも、同容量の滅菌蒸留水を経口投与した。菌攻撃のために、ヒト由来大腸菌(E.coli)の希釈菌液の1MLDの菌量0.2ml(4.0×107CFU/マウス)を、マウスの皮下に接種し、4日後の生存率を求めた。判定はχ2検定により検定し、その結果を表9に示した。
その結果、甘蔗由来のエキスを投与した群では明らかに生存率が上昇しており、また投与量依存的に生存数が上昇した。また、脱塩の影響はあらわれなかった。
1)供試したエキス
製造例5で調製したイオンクロマト分離によるエキス粉末、製造例6で調製したサンプル1〜8の粉末、および製造例7で調製したイオンクロマト分離によるエキスの脱塩物の粉末の合計10種類の甘蔗由来のエキスを試験に用いた。
2)抗ウイルス試験
Slc:ICRマウス雄5週令(体重約30g)を一群10匹で供試し、ウイルス攻撃直後、1日後、2日後の計3回のタイミングで、上記エキス粉末をそれぞれ滅菌蒸留水で溶解または懸濁したものを、表10に示す量で強制経口投与した。一方、対照区にも同容量の滅菌蒸留水を強制経口投与した。ウイルス攻撃のために、ブタ由来オーエスキーウイルスの希釈ウイルス液の1MLD(133PFU/mouse)のウイルス量0.2mlをマウスの皮下に接種した。7日後の生存率を求めた。判定はχ2検定により検定し、その結果を表10に示した。
試験の結果、甘蔗由来のエキスを投与した群では明らかに生存率が上昇しており、また投与量依存的に生存数が上昇した。
非糖分含量が高い、製造例5のエキス、製造例6のエキスのサンプル1〜3、製造例7のエキスは、特に高い生存率を示した。従って、糖は本活性成分ではないと考えられる。
製造例3(バガスの熱水抽出エキス)及び製造例5(イオンクロマト分離によるエキス液)で得られたエキスを使用して、分子量による分画のため、ゲル濾過クロマトグラフィーを行った。
ゲル濾過に使用するエキスに沈殿物などが含まれていると目詰まりの原因となるため、前処理を行った。製造例3のエキスをブリックス17.5〜17.8に蒸留水で希釈し、遠心分離(600×g、15分間)により不溶物を除去した。上清を定性濾紙No.2(アドバンテック東洋株式会社)もしくはガラス繊維濾紙GA55(アドバンテック東洋株式会社)で吸引ろ過し、濾液をゲル濾過クロマトグラフィー用サンプルとした。製造例5のエキスをブリックス18.7〜22.2に蒸留水で希釈し、ガラス繊維濾紙GA55(アドバンテック東洋株式会社)で濾過した濾液をゲル濾過クロマトグラフィー用サンプルとした。
ゲル濾過クロマトグラフィー用担体として、Sephadex G−25 Superfine(商品名、アマシャム ファルマシア バイオテク株式会社)315mlを、カラム(カラムサイズ:内径26mm、高さ630mm)に充填し、クロマト装置としてFPLCシステム(ファルマシア株式会社)を使用した。
通液条件は、脱気した35%エタノール(エタノール/水=35/65(体積/体積))を通液溶媒とし、流速SV=0.25hr−1(1.32ml/分)、室温であった。サンプル供給量は、製造例3のエキスを用いた場合、前処理として定量濾紙を用いたサンプルは6ml、ガラス繊維濾紙を用いた場合は17mlとした。また、製造例5のエキスを用いたときは6mlとした。クロマトグラフィー処理は、チャートの再現性を確認するため、同一条件で5回以上繰り返して行った。分画は、原料供給開始から約80分後から回収を開始し、15分ごとに1本分取した。製造例3および5のエキスは、それぞれ20画分に分画された。カラムクロマトグラフィーの溶出パターンを図4と図5に示した。また、同一条件で分子量マーカーをクロマトグラフィー処理した際の溶出パターンを図6に示した。
得られた20画分を分子量10000以上のサンプル1(画分1〜4)、電気伝導度のピークの手前までのサンプル2(画分5〜11)、塩類を多く含むサンプル3(画分12から20)の3つのサンプルとした。
これらのサンプル1〜3を凍結乾燥粉末とした。分析値を表11に示す。凍結乾燥固形分の分配比率、及び各糖分の含量の定義は表1におけると同じである。各粉末を用いて、実施例4と同様な方法で抗ウイルス試験を行った。結果を表12に示す。
試験の結果、サンプル1〜3の間に有意な差は認められなかった。このことから、イオンクロマト分離によるエキスおよびバガスの熱水抽出エキスには抗ウイルス活性を示す物質が複数存在し、分子量の広い範囲に分布することがわかった。
1)供試したエキス
製造例1のエキス粉末(カラムクロマトグラフィー法により得られたエキス)、製造例3のエキス粉末(バガス抽出物)、製造例5のエキス粉末(イオンクロマト分離によるエキス)、および製造例7のエキス粉末(イオンクロマト分離によるエキス脱塩処理物)を用いた。
2)ワクチンアジュバント効果評価試験
各群10匹のSlc:ICRマウス(雄、5週令、体重約30g)を使用し、甘蔗由来の各種エキスの投与によるワクチンアジュバント効果を検討した。
製造例1、3、5または7のエキス投与区では、市販のブタオーエスキーウイルスワクチン(AWV)を生理食塩液で約20倍に希釈し、0.2mlをマウスに筋肉内投与した。同日(ワクチン投与後)から各エキス粉末500mg(非糖分)/kgを0.5mlの滅菌水に溶解し、1日1回、6日間、経口投与した。ワクチン投与日の14日後に、ブタ由来オーエスキーウイルス希釈液0.2ml(生理食塩液で希釈、1MLD相当)を皮下接種して攻撃し、その7日後の生存率を求めた。
また、製造例3のエキスに関しては、100mg(非糖分)/kgのエキス粉末を0.5mlの滅菌水に溶解し、ワクチンと混合して筋肉内に単回投与する群も設定した。
ワクチン無投与区では、ワクチンの代わりに生理食塩液0.2ml、エキスの代わりに滅菌水0.5mlをそれぞれ投与した。また、エキス無投与区では、エキスの代わりに滅菌水0.5mlを投与した。
アジュバント効果の有無の判定は、エキス無投与(ワクチン単独投与)区の生存率とのχ2検定により行った。結果を表13に示した。
ワクチン無投与区とエキス無投与(ワクチン単独投与)区との間には明らかに差が認められなかった。また、甘蔗由来のエキスとワクチンを混合して筋肉内投与した場合は、生存率に有意差が認められなかった。これらに対し、甘蔗由来のエキスを経口投与したエキス投与区では、生存率の有意な上昇が認められ、ワクチンのアジュバント効果があることが示された。
1)供試したエキス
製造例1〜4で調製した甘蔗由来のエキス粉末の他に、実施例2と同様な方法で処理した製造例2の処理エキス粉末(分子量1000以下の画分及び分子量1000以上の画分)を試験に用いた。
2)抗エンドトキシン効果確認試験
Slc:ICRマウス雄5週令(体重約30g)を一群10匹で供試し、エンドトキシン(リポポリサッカライド、以下「LPS」とする)攻撃、1日前および6時間後の計2回のタイミングで、製造例1〜4のエキス及び製造例2の処理エキス(分子量1000以下の画分及び分子量1000以上の画分)を滅菌蒸留水で溶解・懸濁後、100mg/kgの割合で、強制経口投与した。一方、対照区にも同容量の滅菌蒸留水を経口投与した。エンドトキシン攻撃は、大腸菌由来のLPSの最小致死量0.2mlを、マウスの尾静脈に接種し、4日後の生存率を求めた。判定はχ2検定により検定し、その結果を表14に示した。
1)供試したエキス
製造例5のエキス粉末(イオンクロマト分離によるエキス)および製造例7のエキス粉末(イオンクロマト分離によるエキスの脱塩物)を用いた。
2)抗エンドトキシン効果評価試験
Slc:ICRマウス雄5週令(体重約30g)を一群10匹で供試し、エンドトキシン(LPS)攻撃、1日前および6時間後の計2回のタイミングで、エキスを蒸留水で溶解・懸濁後、100mg/kgの割合で、強制経口投与した。一方、対照区にも同容量の滅菌蒸留水を強制経口投与した。エンドトキシン攻撃は、大腸菌由来のLPSの最小致死量0.2mlを、マウスの尾静脈に接種し、4日後の生存率を求めた。判定はχ2検定により行い、結果を表15に示した。
Slc:ICRマウス雄3週令(体重約12g)を一群5匹で供試した。一区はMF標準飼料対照区、2〜5区は製造例1〜4で調製したエキス0.1%添加MF標準飼料区で、28日間飼育した。終了時に体重測定を行い、併せて採血・血漿の生化学的検査も実施した。体重増加の結果を表16に、血漿の生化学的検査の結果を表17に示す。
表中の増体重は、試験期間中に増加した体重の量を示し、増体率は試験開始時の体重1gに対して増加した体重の量を示している。増体率比は対照区の増体率を100%としたときの増体率を示している。
Slc:ICRマウス雄3週令(体重約12g)を一群5匹で供試した。糖分は有効成分ではないと考え、非糖分の投与量を一定とした。対照区にはMF標準飼料を与え、エキス投与区には製造例3のエキス(バガス抽出物)、製造例5のエキス(イオンクロマト分離によるエキス)、または製造例7のエキス(イオンクロマト分離によるエキスの脱塩物)をそれぞれ非糖分で0.1%添加したMF標準飼料を自由摂取させ、28日間飼育した。終了時に体重測定を行い、併せて採血・血漿の生化学的検査も実施した。体重増加の結果を表18に、血漿の生化学的検査の結果を表19に示す。
表中の増体重は、試験期間中に増加した体重の量を示し、増体率は試験開始時の体重1gに対して増加した体重の量を示している。増体率比は対照区の増体率を100%としたときの増体率を示している。
Claims (8)
- 甘蔗由来のエキスを有効成分とするヒト又は動物における細菌、真菌、又はウィルス感染の予防治療剤であって、前記甘蔗由来のエキスが、甘蔗汁、甘蔗の溶媒抽出液および甘蔗由来の糖蜜より選ばれる原料を、固定担体として合成吸着剤である芳香族系樹脂を充填したカラムに通液し、カラム内を水洗し、そして、前記芳香族系樹脂に吸着された成分を、カラム温度20〜40℃にて50/50〜60/40(体積/体積)エタノール‐水混合溶媒で溶出することにより得られる画分である、前記剤。
- 前記甘蔗由来のエキスが、波長420nmの光を吸収する画分である、請求項1に記載の剤。
- 前記甘蔗由来のエキスが分子量1000以下の成分を有効成分として含む、請求項1又は2に記載の剤。
- 甘蔗由来のエキスを有効成分とするヒト又は動物における細菌、真菌、又はウィルス感染の予防治療剤であって、前記甘蔗由来のエキスが、甘蔗汁、甘蔗の溶媒抽出液および甘蔗由来の糖蜜より選ばれる原料を、固定担体としての合成吸着剤を充填したカラムに通液し、該合成吸着剤に吸着された成分を、水、メタノール、エタノール及びこれらの混合物から選ばれる溶媒で溶出することにより得られる画分であり、前記甘蔗由来のエキスが130℃〜165℃で加熱して得られたものでない、前記剤。
- 前記甘蔗由来のエキスが、波長420nmの光を吸収する画分である、請求項4に記載の剤。
- 前記甘蔗由来のエキスが分子量1000以下の成分を有効成分として含む、請求項4又は5に記載の剤。
- 前記芳香族系樹脂が、無置換基型に特殊処理を施したもの又は疎水性置換基を有するものである、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の剤。
- 前記甘蔗由来のエキスが、前記画分を減圧濃縮して得られたものである、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の剤。
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AU776334B2 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
US7416745B2 (en) | 2008-08-26 |
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EP1120118B1 (en) | 2010-05-26 |
US20070059389A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
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US20030147978A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
US7150885B2 (en) | 2006-12-19 |
DE69942420D1 (de) | 2010-07-08 |
AU6006599A (en) | 2000-05-01 |
EP1120118A4 (en) | 2004-04-07 |
US20070128206A1 (en) | 2007-06-07 |
WO2000021546A1 (fr) | 2000-04-20 |
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US7368136B2 (en) | 2008-05-06 |
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