JP5336084B2 - マイクロ結晶シリコンを有する薄膜太陽電池及び積層体を製造する方法 - Google Patents
マイクロ結晶シリコンを有する薄膜太陽電池及び積層体を製造する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229910021424 microcrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000004050 hot filament vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 halogen silanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- SLLGVCUQYRMELA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosilicon Chemical compound Cl[Si] SLLGVCUQYRMELA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910003902 SiCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N disilane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH3] PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- VEDJZFSRVVQBIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisilane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH2][SiH3] VEDJZFSRVVQBIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UBHZUDXTHNMNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylsilane Chemical compound C[SiH2]C UBHZUDXTHNMNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UIUXUFNYAYAMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C UIUXUFNYAYAMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[SiH](C)C PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001190 organyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003217 poly(methylsilsesquioxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylborane Chemical compound CCB(CC)CC LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
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- H01L31/182—Special manufacturing methods for polycrystalline Si, e.g. Si ribbon, poly Si ingots, thin films of polycrystalline Si
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Description
ガス混合物含むシリコン化合物,pドープした化合物、例えばホウ素化合物及び水素ガスが、p層に対して使用される。これらの化合物が、分解して表面上に蒸着される。形成された膜は、マイクロ結晶である。公知の方法であるHWCVD,PECVD及びフォトCVDが、これに対して使用され得る。
ワイヤー材料:タングステン,タンタル,グラファイト,レニウム又はオスミウム又は高融点材料。
ワイヤー温度:1200℃〜2200℃(又は好ましくは1500℃〜1800℃)
基板温度:< 400℃(pin の中で< 300℃)
厚さ:1Pa〜100Pa (又は好ましくは2Pa〜10Pa)
水素希釈度:0.1 %〜20%の水素中のシラン
(HWCVDによって製造された)これらのパラメータによって製造された層は、2nm〜200nm 、特に5〜20nmの厚さであり、0%より大きい結晶度を有する。
i層の特性:
PECVDで製造される(rf, vrf,マイクロ波等)
厚さ:特に 0.5μm 〜5μm 。
結晶度>20%。
A)マイクロ結晶のp層
HWCVD法によって蒸着されたマイクロ結晶の内部シリコン層,
PECVD法によって蒸着されたi層,
マイクロ結晶又はアモルファスのn層。
又はさらに:
−TCO層,
−マイクロ結晶のp層,
−HWCVD法によって蒸着されたマイクロ結晶の内部シリコン層,
−PECVD法によって蒸着されたi層,
−マイクロ結晶又はアモルファスのn層,
−反射層を有する薄膜太陽電池。
B)マイクロ結晶のn層,
HWCVD法によって蒸着されたマイクロ結晶の内部シリコン層,
PECVD法によって蒸着されたi層,
マイクロ結晶又はアモルファスのp層。
−透明基板,
−TCO層,
−マイクロ結晶のn層,
−HWCVD法によって蒸着されたマイクロ結晶の内部シリコン層,
−PECVD法によって蒸着されたi層,
−マイクロ結晶又はアモルファスのp層,
−反射層を有する薄膜太陽電池。
例:
5〜50nmの厚さの内部HW層が、vhf−PECVDによってZnO基板上に蒸着されたp層上に蒸着される。この層は、1650℃のワイヤー温度,3.5Pa及び水素中の2〜10%のシランによって1〜2Å/sの蒸着速度で蒸着される。引き続き、太陽電池の製造が、vhf−PECVDを用いたi層の蒸着によって高い成長速度で続行される。これによって、開放電圧が、20mVだけ、フィルファクタが、2%だけ、効率が、0.8%だけ完全に上昇する。
本発明の太陽電池の好適な特性が、図中に示されている:
図1中には、本発明の中間層があるpin太陽電池と中間層がないpin太陽電池との開放電圧の比較が示されている。横座標上には、i層の蒸着に対するシラン濃度が、%でプロットされている。
縦座標は、得られた開放電圧をmVで示す。
円は、本発明の中間層なしの太陽電池を示す。
三角形は、本発明の中間層を有する太陽電池を示す。どのくらい開放電圧が、本発明にしたがって増大するかが分かる。
図2は、本発明の中間層があるpin太陽電池と中間層がないpin太陽電池とのフィルファクタの比較を示す。
横座標上には、i層の蒸着に対するシラン濃度が、%でプロットされている。
縦座標は、得られたフィルファクタを%で示す。
円は、本発明の中間層なしの太陽電池を示す。
三角形は、本発明の中間層を有する太陽電池を示す。どのくらいフィルファクタが、本発明にしたがって増大するかが分かる。
Claims (13)
- pin層配列又はnip層配列を製造し、更に以下の層を基板上に引き続いて蒸着させる工程を含む、薄膜太陽電池を製造する方法:
a)マイクロ結晶性p層又はn層、
b)HWCVD法によって蒸着されるマイクロ結晶性シリコン層、
c)PECVD法又はスパッタリングプロセス又はフォトCVD法によって蒸着させ、b)層及びc)層が一緒になってマイクロ結晶性i層を形成するマイクロ結晶性i層、
d)p層が、層a)として存在する場合は、マイクロ結晶性であるか又はアモルファスであるかのいずれかのn層、n層が、層a)として存在する場合は、マイクロ結晶性であるか又はアモルファスであるかのいずれかのp層。 - 層b)を2nm〜200nmの層厚で蒸着させる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 層b)を5nm〜50nmの層厚で蒸着させる、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 層b)を10nm〜20nmの層厚で蒸着させる、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 層b)を蒸着するために、SiH4、ジシラン、トリシラン又はHSiCl3、H2SiCl2、H3SiCl1、SiCl4のようなハロゲンシランを含むグループからのシリコン化合物の内の少なくとも一種の成分を使用する工程を更に含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- HWCVD法において、タングステン、タンタル、グラファイト、レニウム又はオスミウムを含むグループからの材料で構成されるワイヤーを使用する工程を更に含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 層b)を製造するためのワイヤーを、1200℃〜2200℃の温度に加熱する、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 層b)を製造する際に、基板を加熱又は冷却して温度を400℃より低くする、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 層b)を製造する際に、処理圧力1Pa〜100Paを維持する、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 処理圧力は、2Pa〜10Paである、請求項9に記載の方法。
- シラン又はシリコンを含む化合物のガス濃度を体積パーセントで0.1%〜20%に設定することを更に含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 基板温度を50℃〜300℃に設定することを更に含む、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 基板温度を150℃〜200℃に設定する、請求項12に記載の方法。
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DE102004061360A DE102004061360A1 (de) | 2004-12-21 | 2004-12-21 | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Dünnschichtsolarzelle mit mikrokristallinem Silizium sowie Schichtfolge |
DE102004061360.5 | 2004-12-21 | ||
PCT/DE2005/002237 WO2006066544A1 (de) | 2004-12-21 | 2005-12-13 | Verfahren zur herstellung einer dünnschichtsolarzelle mit mikrokristallinem silizium sowie schichtfolge |
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JP (1) | JP5336084B2 (ja) |
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US8642450B2 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2014-02-04 | Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc | Low temperature junction growth using hot-wire chemical vapor deposition |
WO2009069544A1 (ja) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-04 | Kaneka Corporation | シリコン系薄膜光電変換装置 |
CN101820006B (zh) * | 2009-07-20 | 2013-10-02 | 湖南共创光伏科技有限公司 | 高转化率硅基单结多叠层pin薄膜太阳能电池及其制造方法 |
JP4902779B2 (ja) * | 2009-11-30 | 2012-03-21 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 光電変換装置及びその製造方法 |
WO2011076466A2 (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-30 | Oerlikon Solar Ag, Truebbach | Thin-film silicon tandem solar cell and method for manufacturing the same |
KR20130112148A (ko) * | 2012-04-03 | 2013-10-14 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 박막 태양 전지 |
US8735210B2 (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2014-05-27 | International Business Machines Corporation | High efficiency solar cells fabricated by inexpensive PECVD |
CN205994360U (zh) | 2013-10-30 | 2017-03-08 | 阿祖家电工具贸易产业公司 | 双腔壶 |
CN108336185A (zh) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-07-27 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | 一种钝化接触晶体硅太阳电池的制备方法 |
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DE3441044A1 (de) * | 1984-11-09 | 1986-05-22 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8012 Ottobrunn | Verfahren zur herstellung von duennschicht-halbleiterelementen, insbesondere solarzellen |
DE69026861T2 (de) * | 1989-03-23 | 1996-11-14 | Victor Company Of Japan | Element zur Lichtumwandlung und eine Abbildungsvorrichtung |
US5397737A (en) * | 1992-05-05 | 1995-03-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Deposition of device quality low H content, amorphous silicon films |
CN1135635C (zh) * | 1994-03-25 | 2004-01-21 | 阿莫科/恩龙太阳公司 | 增强光电器件和电子器件的光和电特性的等离子淀积工艺 |
JPH11135818A (ja) * | 1997-10-30 | 1999-05-21 | Sharp Corp | 太陽電池 |
EP0949688A1 (de) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-13 | Phototronics Solartechnik GmbH | Dünnschichtsolarzelle, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE19935046C2 (de) | 1999-07-26 | 2001-07-12 | Schott Glas | Plasma-CVD-Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer mikrokristallinen Si:H-Schicht auf einem Substrat sowie deren Verwendung |
JP4412766B2 (ja) * | 1999-07-29 | 2010-02-10 | 京セラ株式会社 | 薄膜多結晶Si太陽電池 |
JP2002198549A (ja) * | 2000-12-27 | 2002-07-12 | Kyocera Corp | 薄膜結晶質シリコン系太陽電池 |
JP2003282902A (ja) * | 2002-03-20 | 2003-10-03 | Kyocera Corp | 薄膜太陽電池 |
JP2003298077A (ja) | 2002-03-29 | 2003-10-17 | Ebara Corp | 太陽電池 |
JP2003347220A (ja) * | 2002-05-29 | 2003-12-05 | Kyocera Corp | Cat−PECVD法、それを用いて形成した膜、およびその膜を備えた薄膜デバイス |
JP2004158619A (ja) * | 2002-11-06 | 2004-06-03 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 電子デバイスおよびその製造方法 |
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WO2006066544A1 (de) | 2006-06-29 |
AU2005318723A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
KR101326671B1 (ko) | 2013-11-08 |
KR20070090235A (ko) | 2007-09-05 |
DE102004061360A1 (de) | 2006-07-13 |
JP2008524863A (ja) | 2008-07-10 |
AU2005318723B2 (en) | 2011-12-01 |
CN101088171B (zh) | 2013-03-20 |
US20120067411A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
US8664522B2 (en) | 2014-03-04 |
US8110246B2 (en) | 2012-02-07 |
US20090007964A1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
CN101088171A (zh) | 2007-12-12 |
EP1829117A1 (de) | 2007-09-05 |
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