JP5300592B2 - アルツハイマー病の予防用及び処置用免疫原性ペプチド組成物 - Google Patents
アルツハイマー病の予防用及び処置用免疫原性ペプチド組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5300592B2 JP5300592B2 JP2009123670A JP2009123670A JP5300592B2 JP 5300592 B2 JP5300592 B2 JP 5300592B2 JP 2009123670 A JP2009123670 A JP 2009123670A JP 2009123670 A JP2009123670 A JP 2009123670A JP 5300592 B2 JP5300592 B2 JP 5300592B2
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Description
(A)n−(Aβ1−42ペプチドのN末端フラグメント)−Bo−(Th)m−X;又は(A)n−(Th)m−Bo−(Aβ1−42ペプチドのN末端フラグメント)−X。
式中、各Aは独立にアミノ酸であり;
各Bはアミノ酸、Gly−Gly、(α,ε-N)−Lys、及びPro−Pro−Xaa−Pro−Xaa−Pro(配列番号73)からなる群から選ばれる結合基であり;
各Thは、ヘルパーT細胞エピトープを構成するアミノ酸配列、又はそれらの免疫向上(immune enhancing)類似体又はセグメントを有し;
(Aβ1−42ペプチドのN末端フラグメント)は、合成ペプチドB細胞ターゲット部位抗原であり、約10から約28個のアミノ酸残基であり、各フラグメントがAβ1−42ペプチドのEFRH又はその免疫学上機能性類似体を有し;
Xはアミノ酸のα−COOH又はα―CONH2であり;
nは0〜約10であり、mは1〜約4であり、oは0〜約10である。
表4(配列番号70〜76)にリストアップしたペプチド免疫原を、Fmoc化学物質を用いる、アプライド・バイオシステム・自動ペプチドシンセサイザー(モデル430、431及び433A)によるメリーフィールド固相合成技術により個々に合成した。組合せライブラリーTh、即ちMvF由来Th1−8(配列番号38〜40)などの理想化人工Th部位を有するペプチド免疫原の調製は、設計において特定したある位置で化学結合させるための所望のアミノ酸の混合物を提供することにより、達成できる。所望のペプチドの集合体の完成後、トリフルオロ酢酸を用いる標準的な方法によりレジンを処理し、レジンからペプチドを切り出し、アミノ酸の側鎖の保護基を脱保護する。切り出され、抽出され、洗浄されたペプチドは、HPLCにより精製され、質量分析器及び逆相HPLCにより同定された。
Aβ由来ペプチド免疫原を、以下に概説する免疫化プロトコール実験及び免疫原性の測定のための血清学アッセイによって特定されるモルモットのグループに基づいて評価した。
標準実験設計:
免疫原:(1)個々のペプチド免疫原;又は
(2)各実施例で特定されるペプチド免疫原の等モル量の混合物。
投与量:特記しない限り免疫化にあたり0.5mL中に100μg。
経路:特記しない限り、筋内。
アジュバント:特記しない限り、フロイント完全アジュバント(CFA)/フロイント不完全アジュバント(IFA);又は油中水滴型エマルション。CFA/IFA群は、0週目にCFA、次週にIFAを受けた。
投与スケジュール:0週、3週間、6週間、または特記する。
採血スケジュール:0週、5週間、8週間、または特記する。
種:ダンカン−ハートリー(Duncan-Hartley)・モルモット、又は特記する。
アッセイ:各免疫血清の抗ペプチド活性に対して特定のELISA。固相基質はAβペプチドフラグメント、例えばAβ1−14又は完全長Aβ1−42(配列番号67及び65)であった。血液を収集し、血清に処理し、ターゲットペプチドでのELISA前に貯蔵した。
Aβペプチドに対して高い親和性を有し且つ可溶性Aβ1−42ペプチド及びAD患者の脳内のプラークに高い交差反応性を有する抗体を高レベルで生成する全体的な合成ワクチンを設計するために、Aβ1−42及びそのN末端フラグメントの相対免疫原性をまず最初に同定した。Aβ1−42ペプチド内の種々の領域の相対免疫原性特性を測定するために、ヒト用に適した緩和アジュバント、ミョウバン(Alum)を初期の研究に用いた。Aβ1−42ペプチド及びそのN末端フラグメント、Aβ1−28の相対免疫原性を比較した。免疫原性の評価は、実施例2に記載した手順にしたがって行った。意外にも、Aβ1−28は、Aβ1−42ペプチドよりもより免疫原性であることがわかり、C末端Aβ29−42内に免疫抑制があることを示唆している(表5)。
(A)n(AβペプチドのN末端フラグメント)−Bo−(Th)m。
ここで、AはαNH2であり、Aβ1−28はAβ1−42のN末端フラグメントであり;Bはグリシンであり;Thは外来病原体、HBsAg Th(配列番号1)由来のヘルパーT細胞エピトープであり、nは1であり、mは1であり、かつoは2である。
EFRH残基を有する主要な機能性/調節部位はAβ1−42ペプチドの位置3〜6に位置する(ソロマン(Soloman)ら、Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 1996; 93: 452-455;Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 1997; 94: 4109-4112)ので、本発明の合成免疫原へと含めるためのAβの最適なB細胞ターゲット部位として、Aβ1−42ペプチドの最短のN末端フラグメントを探索することは有用である。
(A)n−(AβペプチドのN末端フラグメント)−(B)o−(Th)m。
ここで、AはαNH2であり、N末端フラグメントはAβ1−10、Aβ1−12、Aβ1−14又はAβ1−28であり;Bは、イプシロンアミノ基を介して次のアミノ酸と結合するスペーサであるεNリジンであり;Thは理想化人工Th、MVF Th1−16(配列番号51)由来のヘルパーT細胞エピトープであり、nは1であり、mは1であり、かつoは1である。
AβペプチドのAβ1−14などの非免疫原性N末端フラグメントを、εNリジンスペーサを介してMVF Th1−16(配列番号51)と名付けた人工Thペプチドに結合するか、又は標準の化学カップリング手順を介して従来のキャリアタンパク質KLHに結合した。2つの免疫原性構築物を、実施例2に記載する手順にしたがって、モルモットにおいて、Aβペプチドに対する相対的『部位配向性』免疫原性、及び各キャリア、即ち人工Thエピトープ又はKLHキャリアタンパク質、に対する抗体の得られた各反応性に関して評価した。コントロール免疫原として短鎖Aβ1−14ペプチドのみ、及び2つの免疫原性構築物を、アジュバントISA51を含む油中水滴型エマルションに配合した。なお、この配合はヒト用に適する。表8に示すように、N末端Aβ1−14フラグメントは、予想通り、それ自身、非免疫原性であった。Aβ1−14フラグメント及び人工Thを含む合成免疫原(配列番号73)は、Aβ1−14に対する部位配向性抗体を導き出す高免疫原性であることがわかった。この抗体は、初期免疫化後4週間と同じ時期に、可溶性Aβ1−42ペプチドに対して高交差反応性(初期免疫化後、4週間及び6週間に対してLog10力価がそれぞれ4.094及び4.126)であることがわかった。これらのAβ反応性が高力価である免疫血清を、MVF Th1−16(配列番号51)でコーティングしたプレート上でELISAにより検査すると、これらはネガティブ(初期免疫化後、4週間及び6週間に対してLog10力価がそれぞれ0.038及び0.064)であることがわかった。これは、関連しない抗体が産生されていないことを示す。表8に示すように、得られたデータから、本発明のペプチド免疫原の部位配向特性に関する高い特異性が例証された。
モルモット及びヒヒでAβペプチド免疫原に対して発生した免疫血清の、ポリマー状老人性プラークへの交差反応性に関する評価のために、プラーク及びもつれ及びアミロイドプラークを含むチロフラビンS陽性血管(TSBV)のAD患者の脳を用いた。プラーク及びTSBV反応性を、アビジン−ビオチン化抗体複合体(ABC)法を用いる免疫ペルオキシダーゼ染色法、又は特異性抗IgG種のローダミン接合化Fabフラグメントを用いる免疫フルオレセンス染色法により検出した。モルモットの血清はすべて、力価の最終点をいくつかの試料で決定して、1:100の希釈度で検査した。ヒヒの血清はすべて、1:50の希釈度で検査した。免疫血清及び予備免疫血清の評価は、記載されるガスキン博士(ガスキン(Gaskin)ら、J. Exp. Med. 165: 245, 1987)のコードの下、行った。
ISA51の油中水滴型エマルションに、25μg/0.5mL、100μg/0.5mL及び400μg/0.5mLの投与量で配合した、代表的な合成免疫原、Aβ1−28−εK−MVF Th1−16(配列番号74)を、3匹のヒヒ、Y299、X398、X1198に、初期免疫化から0週、3週目及び6週目のスケジュールで与えた。初期免疫後5週目及び8週目(wpi)での予備免疫血清及び血清を収集した。比較のために、ミョウバン(Alum)、ヒト用に認可されている標準アジュバント、に配合したフリーのペプチドAβ1−28及びAβ1−42の等モル混合物を100μg/0.5mLの投与量で4匹目のヒヒ、X798に与えた。予備免疫血清を、ネガティブコントロールとして用いた。
Claims (10)
- (i)MVF Th1(配列番号22)及び配列番号23〜50からなる群から選ばれるヘルパーT細胞(Th)エピトープ;及び
(ii) 配列番号66〜68からなる群から選ばれるアミロイドβペプチドのN末端フラグメント;を有し、且つ
(iii)免疫原性の領域を分離する、少なくとも1つのアミノ酸からなるスペーサを任意に有する、ペプチド免疫原。 - スペーサがアミノ酸、Gly−Gly、(α,ε-N)−Lys、及びPro−Pro−Xaa−Pro−Xaa−Pro(配列番号73)からなる群から選ばれる請求項1記載のペプチド免疫原。
- スペーサがGly−Glyである請求項2記載のペプチド免疫原。
- スペーサがε-N−Lysである請求項2記載のペプチド免疫原。
- アミロイドβペプチドのN末端フラグメントが配列番号67である請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載のペプチド免疫原。
- 式(A)n−(Aβ1−42ペプチドのN末端フラグメント)−Bo−(Th)m−X;又は式(A)n−(Th)m−Bo−(Aβ1−42ペプチドのN末端フラグメント)−Xのうちの1つで表されるペプチド免疫原であって、
各Aは独立にアミノ酸であり;
各Bはアミノ酸、Gly−Gly、(α,ε-N)−Lys、及びPro−Pro−Xaa−Pro−Xaa−Pro(配列番号73)からなる群から選ばれる結合基であり;
Thは、MVF Th1(配列番号22)及び配列番号23〜50からなる群から選ばれるヘルパーT細胞(Th)エピトープを構成するアミノ酸配列を有し;
(Aβ1−42ペプチドのN末端フラグメント)は、配列番号66〜68からなる群から選ばれ;
Xはアミノ酸のα−COOH又はα―CONH2であり;
nは0〜10であり、mは1〜4であり、oは0〜10である、上記ペプチド免疫原。 - スペーサがGly−Glyである請求項6記載のペプチド免疫原。
- スペーサがε-N−Lysである請求項6記載のペプチド免疫原。
- Aβ1−42ペプチドのN末端フラグメントが、配列番号67である請求項6〜8のいずれか1項記載のペプチド免疫原。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか1項記載のペプチド免疫原並びにミョウバン、リポシン(liposyn)、サポニン(saponin)、スクアレン、L121、エマルジゲン(emulsigen)・モノホスフィリル脂質A(monophosphyryl lipid A)(MPL)、ポリソルベート80、QS21、モンタニド(Montanide)ISA51、ISA35、ISA206及びISA720からなる群から選ばれる製薬上許容可能なアジュバント及び/又はキャリアを有する組成物。
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