JP5220203B2 - テクネチウム−及びレニウム−ビス(ヘテロアリール)錯体及びpsmaを阻害するその使用方法 - Google Patents
テクネチウム−及びレニウム−ビス(ヘテロアリール)錯体及びpsmaを阻害するその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5220203B2 JP5220203B2 JP2011539755A JP2011539755A JP5220203B2 JP 5220203 B2 JP5220203 B2 JP 5220203B2 JP 2011539755 A JP2011539755 A JP 2011539755A JP 2011539755 A JP2011539755 A JP 2011539755A JP 5220203 B2 JP5220203 B2 JP 5220203B2
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- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004568 thiomorpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011200 topical administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002088 tosyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000003960 triphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Description
本出願は、2008年12月5日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/120,226号及び2009年5月21日出願の第61/180,341号に対する優先権を主張し、これらは両方とも、いかなる意味においても参照により全体を本明細書に組み込むものとする。
便宜上、本明細書及び添付の特許請求の範囲内で使用する特定の用語をここに集めた。
一態様では、式Iの化合物、その薬学的に許容可能な塩及び溶媒和化合物を提供する。
化合物を金属と錯化する基本手順。本明細書で例示するように、非放射性同位元素の入手可能性及び作業者の安全性を考慮し、前記金属にはレニウムを使用する。しかし、理解されるように、テクネチウム類似体を使用して同様の合成手順に従ってもよい。何故なら、テクネチウム及びレニウムはランタニド収縮により同様の反応化学現象を有し、同様のサイズだからである。したがって、Reを特に示すことができる場合、Tc錯体も同様に含むことが理解される。
式Iの化合物のレニウム/テクネチウム錯体は、容易に入手可能な先駆物質[NEt4]2[Re(CO)3Br3]と化合物との反応から、都合よく分離される。SAAC末端によって提供される供与体のセットは、{M(CO)3}+1の核の効果的キレーターとして詳細に文書化されており、金属部位の周囲の必要な面構成に適応するように設計されていて、錯体の調製も例外ではない。
式Iの化合物の放射性標識付けを行い、同様の方法を使用して遊離α−アミノ酸か、又は適切にN保護したアミノ酸誘導体として錯体を形成した。99mTc(I)(CO)3 +の放射性標識付けは、2ステップで行い、市販のIsoLink(商標)キット(Covidien)を使用して、[99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+中間体を形成し、これを1:1のアセトニトリルとリン酸緩衝液の等量混合液中で式Iの適切な化合物(10−6M〜10−4M)と反応させた。密封したバイアルを100℃で30分間加熱した。冷却した後、RP−HPLCによって反応物の純度を分析した。HPLC精製の後は「担体なし」生成物となり、その放射化学的純度(RCP)はHPLCによって測定され、一貫して95%以上になることが示された。初期結果は、10−6Mという低濃度での放射性標識付けを実証し、RCYは80%以下であった。75℃でRCY>95%を達成するには、反応濃度を10−4Mまで増加させる必要があった。多くの場合、試験及び取り扱いの目的で非放射性類似体を調製するために、対応するRe錯体が調製され、Tc錯体として試験される。したがって、Reを特に示すことができるが、Tc錯体も含むことが理解される。
スキーム1は、Glu−尿素−イミダゾール系化合物の基本的な合成経路を示す。スキーム1に示された第1のステップは、0℃で不活性状態にて実行し、塩基の存在下でCDIを有するグルタミン酸のジ−t−ブチルエステルを使用し、中間体のGlu−尿素−イミダゾール誘導体2を形成する。この中間体を塩基性状態でMeOTfで活性化させて、メチル化イミダゾールを生成し、これは不活性状態でアミンに容易に反応する。DCM中の20%のTFAを使用し、室温で1〜4時間かけてtert−ブチルエステル保護基を除去する。保護解除が終了したら、反応混合物をロータリーエバポレータで濃縮するか、窒素を吹きつけて乾燥させ、シリカカラムで精製するか、又は再結晶化させる。
スキーム1
スキーム2.M−Glu−尿素−Lys−X類似体(E)の合成の基本経路
PSMA陽性(+)のLnCap細胞を使用し、一般構造5の新たに調製した類似体を、ヒト前立腺癌細胞結合測定法にて3nMの濃度でスクリーニングした。このスクリーニングの結果は、化合物がPSMA(+)細胞に特異な結合を示すかどうかを実証した。PSMA(+)細胞に特異的な結合を示した化合物を、PSMAの既知の阻害剤である、N−[N−[(S)−1,3−ジカルボキシプロピル]カルバモイル]−S−3−ヨード−L−チロシン(DCIT)との競合結合測定法でさらに評価し、IC50値を計算した。
LNCaP及びPC3ヒト前立腺癌細胞は、メリーランド州RockvilleのAmerican Type Culture Collectionから入手した。LNCaP細胞を、10%のウシ胎児血清(FBS)で補ったRPMI−1640培地中に維持した。LNCaP細胞に対する放射性標識付き化合物の結合、及び低温誘導体との競合は、適切な修正をして、既知の手順に従って実行された。細胞を、12ウェルプレートに約4×105個/ウェルとし、37℃/5%二酸化炭素の加湿したインキュベータ内で48時間インキュベートしてから化合物を加えた。Glu−尿素−X誘導体をそれぞれ調製し、3nMの123I−DCIT(既知の阻害剤)と組み合わせた0.5%のウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)を含有する無血清細胞培養培地で希釈した。全結合量は、試験化合物がない状態で123I−DCITをインキュベートすることによって測定した。プレートを室温で1時間インキュベートした。細胞をプレートから取り出し、エッペンドルフ管に移した。サンプルを15秒間、10K×gでマイクロ遠心分離器にかけた。培地を吸引し、新しいアッセイ培地中に分散させることによってペレットを2回洗浄し、その後にマイクロ遠心分離した。123I−DCITの細胞結合量は、自動ガンマカウンタで細胞ペレットを数えることによって求めた。非特異的結合量は、2uMの放射性標識なし化合物又は2ホスホノメチル−ペンタンジオン酸(PMPA)でインキュベートした後に、細胞に関連するカウントとして測定された。重要な対照標準化合物を下図に示す。
組織の生体内分布結果はin vitroデータと一致し、LNCaP(PSMA陽性)腫瘍内の有意の取り込みを実証した。この結果は、またPC3(PSMA陰性)腫瘍における高度の特異性及び非常に小さい活性も示した。
以下のようにNAAGの結合を測定し、PSMAを測定する。(a)反応混合物の調製:反応混合物は、LNCaP細胞溶解物(200μg)を600uLの反応緩衝液(反応緩衝液:50mMのTris−HCl、pH7.4、20mMのCoCl2、32mMのNaCl)と組み合わせることによって調製する。混合物は、使用前に37℃で3分間プレインキュベートさせる。(b)放射性標識付きNAAG溶液の調製:放射性標識付きNAAG溶液原料は、反応緩衝液(1mM)を使用して1μlの100mMの原料を100μlに希釈することによって調製する。(c)アッセイ:アッセイは、(1mMの最終濃度のために)1,000,000CPMの3H−NAAG(100μLの1mMのNAAG+10μLの3H−NAAG(10μCi))を加えた6μLの1mMのNAAGを反応混合物に添加することによって実行する。競合結合の研究のために、PMPA[濃度]を添加し、その結果の溶液を30分間37℃でインキュベートする。100uLの反応混合物を移し、等量の氷温の0.25MのKH2PO4(pH4.3)を添加することによって、特定の時点で反応を停止する。緩衝した混合物の約1/2を250mgAGの50W−X4陽イオン交換カラム(200〜400メッシュ、H+型、使用前にDI H2Oで膨張した樹脂)に注入する。注入したカラムを500μLの1:1のRxn緩衝液/0.25MのKH2PO4で洗浄し、3MのKCl(1.5mL)で溶出する。カラムに結合した放射性標識の濃度は、消光効果を最小化するためにシンチレーションカウンタ及び100μLの溶出剤(1:6で希釈)を使用して測定する。
本発明の化合物を使用して、治療処置のためにNAALADaseを阻害することができる。NAALADase処置を受けいれ得る疾患には、疼痛性及び感覚性の糖尿病性神経障害、神経障害損傷及び前立腺癌、統合失調症、結腸直腸癌、炎症、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、糖尿病性神経障害を含む。本発明の化合物は鎮痛剤としても使用することができる。このような治療処置をモデリングするための案内は、Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics(McGraw Hill、第10版、2001)、Pharmaceutical Preformulation and Formulation:A Practical Guide from Candidate Drug Selection to Commercial Dosage Form(CRC、2001)、及びHandbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients(AphA Publications、第5版、2005)に見ることができる。
本明細書で調製した幾つかの化合物及び錯体の組織分布について、また場合によっては比較用の化合物と比較して評価した。図1、図3、図4及び図5は、このデータの幾つかをグラフで提示する。図6は、実施例6の化合物の99mTc錯体の組織生体内分布を示す放射線画像である。
特定の実施形態を図示し、説明してきたが、添付の特許請求の範囲で定義されるようなより広義の態様における技術から逸脱することなく、当技術分野の通常の技術に従って、変更及び修正をできることを理解されたい。
Claims (20)
- 式Iの化合物、又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩。
(式中、
Rは、H、アンモニウムイオン、アルキルアンモニウムイオン、アルカリ土類金属イオン、希土類金属イオン、又はアルキル基であり、
Wは、結合、−NHC(O)−、−CH(NH2)−、−NH−C(O)−NH−、−C(O)−NH−、−C(O)−NH−CH(COOH)−、−O−(CH2)n−O−(CH2)n−、−(CH2)nO(CH2)nO(CH2)n−、−CH(NHFmoc)−であり、
Zは、結合、−CO(O)−、−NH−、−NHC(O)−、−NH−C(O)−NH−、−NH−C(O)(CH2)n−、−NH−C(O)−CH(NH2)−、−C(O)−NH−CH(COOH)−、又は−NH−C(O)−C6H4−(CH2)n−NH−であり、
NRaRbは、下式のいずれかのキレート基であり、
Rtは、H、C1−C8アルキル基、アンモニウムイオン、アルキルアンモニウムイオン、又はアルカリ若しくはアルカリ土類金属イオンであり、
Rvは、アルキルであり、
eは、0から15の整数であり、
fは、0から15の整数であり、
gは、0から15の整数であり、
nは、0から10の整数である。) - Rvが、メチル、エチル、n−プロピル、イソプロピル、n−ブチル、イソブチル、又はtert−ブチルである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Rvがメチルである、請求項2に記載の化合物。
- Rtがそれぞれ独立に、H又はtert−ブチルである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- RtがHである、請求項4に記載の化合物。
- eが0から4の整数であり、fが0から12の整数であり、gが0から6の整数である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Wが−C(O)−NH−である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Zが−NH−C(O)−である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Zが−C(O)−NH−CH(COOH)−である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Zが−NH−C(O)−CH(NH2)−である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 金属及び請求項1の前記化合物を含む錯体。
- 前記金属が、Re、Tc、Y、Lu、Ga、In又はCuである、請求項12に記載の錯体。
- 前記金属が放射性核種である、請求項12に記載の錯体。
- 前記金属が、テクネチウム−99m、レニウム−186、又はレニウム−188である、請求項14に記載の錯体。
- 請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の化合物、又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩、及び薬学的に許容可能な補形剤を含む医薬組成物。
- 診断上有効な量の請求項1〜17のいずれか1項に記載の化合物、又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩を含む、患者内の部位を撮像するための薬学的組成物。
- 前記組織が、PSMA発現腫瘍組織である、請求項19に記載の薬学的組成物。
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