JP5213703B2 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5213703B2 JP5213703B2 JP2008512126A JP2008512126A JP5213703B2 JP 5213703 B2 JP5213703 B2 JP 5213703B2 JP 2008512126 A JP2008512126 A JP 2008512126A JP 2008512126 A JP2008512126 A JP 2008512126A JP 5213703 B2 JP5213703 B2 JP 5213703B2
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- fuel cell
- combustion
- raw material
- gas
- Prior art date
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 405
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 231
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 219
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 212
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 94
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 46
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 34
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010003320 Carboxyhemoglobin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C01B3/323—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
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Description
先ず、本発明の実施の形態1に係る燃料電池システムの構成について、図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。
4H2+2O2→4H2O ・・・(2)
つまり、本実施の形態では、燃焼ファン2bによる燃焼バーナー2aへの空気の供給量を、改質器2において理論的に生成される水素の生成量、即ち、原料供給装置10により改質器2への天然ガスの供給量を基準として設定する。これにより、燃焼バーナー2aにおいて、一酸化炭素を高濃度に含む燃料ガスが燃焼される。そして、この燃焼バーナー2aにおいて発生する熱エネルギーにより、改質器2における改質触媒が加熱される。
そこで、本実施の形態では、燃料電池1の燃料ガス用流路1a等から排出されて燃焼バーナー2aに供給される天然ガスを完全燃焼させるために、ステップS3として示す開閉弁7b及び三方弁8の制御による第2の燃料ガス経路Bの形成の前に、ステップS2として、原料供給装置10により改質器2への原料の供給量を適切に減少させる。そして、これにより、第2の燃料ガス経路Bが形成された場合の、燃料電池1の燃料ガス用流路1a等から押し出されて燃焼バーナー2aに供給される天然ガスの供給量を、2Q(L/分)の割合で供給される酸素の供給量に対応するよう適切に減少させる。
尚、上記ステップS3以降、燃料ガス生成器から燃料電池1に燃料ガスが供給されると、燃料電池1は以下の如く発電動作を開始する。
10H2+5O2→10H2O ・・・(6)
一方、上記の場合、図2のステップS3が実行され、開閉弁7b及び三方弁8の制御により第2の燃料ガス経路Bが形成された場合、燃焼バーナー2aに13Q(L/分)の割合で供給されるプロパンガスを完全燃焼させるためには、(7)式に基づいて65Q(L/分)の割合で酸素を供給する必要がある。そこで、図2のステップS3として示す開閉弁7b及び三方弁8の制御による第2の燃料ガス経路Bの形成前、ステップS2として、原料供給装置10により改質器2へのプロパンガスの供給量を減少させて、これにより、燃焼バーナー2aへのプロパンガスの供給量を減少させる。具体的には、原料供給装置10により改質器2へのプロパンガスの供給量を約1/13倍(約5/65倍)とすることにより、燃焼バーナー2aへのプロパンガスの供給量を約1/13倍とする。
このように、本発明では、燃料電池1の内部に充填される置換ガスの種類に応じて、所定の期間、原料供給装置10により改質器2への原料の供給量を減少させる点を、技術的な特徴としている。
図4は、本発明の実施の形態2に係る燃料電池システムの構成を模式的に示すブロック図である。尚、図4においても、燃料電池システムを構成する各構成要素の間の実線は水や燃料ガス又は酸化剤ガス等が流れる経路を示しており、それらの実線上に記される矢印は、水や燃料ガス又は酸化剤ガス等の通常運転時における流動方向を示している。又、図4においても、本発明を説明するために必要な構成要素のみを示しており、それ以外の構成要素については図示を省略している。又、図4において、実施の形態1で示した燃料電池システム100の構成要素と同一の構成要素については、同一の符号を付している。
実施の形態1及び2では、原料供給装置10により改質器2への原料の供給量の減少形態として、一段階に減少させる形態、段階的に減少させる形態、或いは、緩やかに減少させる形態を例示した。しかしながら、燃焼バーナー2aにおける燃焼反応を理想的に進行させるためには、燃焼バーナー2aにおいて失火や不完全燃焼が発生しないように、燃焼バーナー2aに供給される燃焼用燃料の組成に応じて、原料供給装置10により改質器2への原料の供給量が適切に減少される形態が望ましい。
1a 燃料ガス用流路
1b 酸化剤ガス用流路
2 改質器
2a 燃焼バーナー
2b 燃焼ファン
3 ブロアー
4 熱交換器
5 貯湯タンク
6a,6b ポンプ
7a,7b 開閉弁
8 三方弁
9 COセンサ
10 原料供給装置
11 火炎検知器
12 流量調整弁
100〜300 燃料電池システム
101 制御器
R1 第1経路
R2 第2経路
R3 第3経路
R4 第4経路
R5 第5経路
A 第1の燃料ガス経路
B 第2の燃料ガス経路
Claims (14)
- 燃料ガスと酸化剤ガスとを用いて発電を行う燃料電池と、
前記燃料ガスを改質反応により原料を改質して生成する燃料ガス生成器と、
前記燃料ガス生成器に前記改質反応を進行させるための熱を供給する燃焼器と、
前記燃焼器への燃焼用燃料の供給量を調整する燃焼用燃料供給器と、
前記燃焼器に空気を供給する空気供給器と、
前記燃料ガス生成器から前記燃料電池に前記燃料ガスを供給するための燃料ガス経路と、
前記燃料電池から前記燃焼器に前記発電に用いられなかった余剰の前記燃料ガスを供給するためのオフガス経路と、
前記燃料ガス生成器で生成された前記燃料ガスが前記燃料電池をバイパスして前記燃焼器に供給されるよう前記燃料ガス経路と前記オフガス経路とを接続するためのバイパス経路と、
前記燃料ガス生成器で生成された前記燃料ガスの供給先を前記燃料電池と前記バイパス経路との間で切り替えるための切替弁と、
制御器とを備え、
発電運転の開始時において、前記制御器が前記切替弁を制御して前記燃料ガス生成器で生成された前記燃料ガスを前記バイパス経路に替えて前記燃料電池に供給する前に前記燃料電池の内部の燃料ガス用流路が前記原料により充填されている燃料電池システムであって、
前記制御器が、前記切替弁を制御して前記燃料ガス生成器で生成された前記燃料ガスを前記バイパス経路に替えて前記燃料電池に供給する際、前記空気供給器から前記燃焼器への空気の供給量を維持させるよう制御しながら、前記燃焼用燃料供給器を制御して前記燃焼器への前記燃焼用燃料の供給量を減少させる、燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃焼用燃料供給器が前記燃料ガス生成器への原料の供給量を調整する原料供給器であって、
前記制御器は、前記切替弁を制御して前記燃料ガス生成器で生成された前記燃料ガスを前記バイパス経路に替えて前記燃料電池に供給する際、前記原料供給器を制御して前記原料の供給量を減少させる、請求項1記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御器が、前記燃料電池の内部に充填されている前記原料の組成に応じて前記燃焼器への前記燃焼用燃料の供給量が減少するよう前記燃焼用燃料供給器を制御する、請求項1記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記制御器が、前記空気供給器から前記燃焼器への空気の供給量を維持させるよう制御しながら、空気比1以上を満たすように前記燃焼用燃料供給器を制御して前記燃焼器への前記燃焼用燃料の供給量を減少させる、請求項1記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記制御器が、前記燃料ガス生成器が所定の運転条件を満足するまでは前記切替弁により前記燃料ガス生成器で生成された前記燃料ガスが前記バイパス経路を介して前記燃焼器に供給されるよう制御し、
前記所定の運転条件を満足した場合には、前記切替弁により前記燃料ガス生成器で生成された前記燃料ガスの供給先を前記バイパス経路から前記燃料電池に切り替えると共に、前記燃焼用燃料供給器を制御して前記燃焼器への前記燃焼用燃料の供給量を減少させる、請求項1記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御器が、前記切替弁により前記バイパス経路を遮断して前記燃料ガス生成器から前記燃料電池に前記燃料ガスを供給可能とする前に、前記燃焼用燃料供給器を制御して前記燃焼器への前記燃焼用燃料の供給量を減少させる、請求項1記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記制御器が、前記燃焼用燃料供給器を制御して前記燃焼器への前記燃焼用燃料の供給量を減少させた後、所定時間の経過を以て前記燃焼用燃料供給器を制御して前記燃焼器への前記燃焼用燃料の供給量を増加させる、請求項1記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記燃焼器から排出される排ガス中の一酸化炭素を検出するCO検出器を更に備え、
前記制御器が、前記燃焼用燃料供給器を制御して前記燃焼器への前記燃焼用燃料の供給量を減少させた後、前記CO検出器の出力値の所定値以下への低下又は前記CO検出器の出力値に基づく前記一酸化炭素の濃度の所定濃度以下への低下を以て前記燃焼用燃料供給器を制御して前記燃焼器への前記燃焼用燃料の供給量を増加させる、請求項1記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御器が、前記燃焼用燃料供給器を制御して、前記燃焼器への前記燃焼用燃料の供給量を1以上のステップを含むよう段階的に、又は、連続的に減少させるよう制御する、請求項1記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記原料が炭化水素ガスである、請求項1乃至9記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記原料を供給するための原料供給器を備え、
前記制御器が、停止動作時又は起動動作時に、前記原料供給器から前記燃料電池に前記原料を供給することにより前記燃料電池の内部を前記原料により充填させる、請求項1乃至10記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃焼器若しくは前記オフガス経路に所定のガスの濃度を検知するガス濃度検知器を備え、
前記制御器が、前記切替弁を制御して前記燃料ガス生成器で生成された前記燃料ガスを前記バイパス経路に替えて前記燃料電池に供給可能とした後に、前記ガス濃度検知器の出力信号に基づき、前記燃焼用燃料供給器を制御して前記燃焼器への前記燃焼用燃料の供給量を減少させる、請求項1記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御器が、前記ガス濃度検知器により原料濃度の増加が検知されると、前記燃焼用燃料供給器を制御して前記燃焼器への前記燃焼用燃料の供給量を減少させる、請求項12記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記ガス濃度検知器として、前記燃焼器にフレームロッド式の火炎検知器を備え、
前記原料が、炭化水素を含むガスであり、
前記制御器が、前記切替弁を制御して前記燃料ガス生成器で生成された前記燃料ガスを前記バイパス経路に替えて前記燃料電池に供給可能とした後に、前記火炎検知器により、前記原料濃度の増加が検知されると、前記燃焼用燃料供給器を制御して前記燃焼器への前記燃焼用燃料の供給量を減少させる、請求項13記載の燃料電池システム。
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JP2005078900A (ja) * | 2003-08-29 | 2005-03-24 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
JP2005206395A (ja) * | 2004-01-20 | 2005-08-04 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 水素生成装置およびその起動方法 |
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JP2005336029A (ja) * | 2004-05-28 | 2005-12-08 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 改質装置 |
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JP2003317771A (ja) * | 2002-04-19 | 2003-11-07 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 燃料電池発電システムおよびその運転方法 |
CN100440598C (zh) * | 2003-08-25 | 2008-12-03 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 燃料电池系统、燃料电池系统的起动方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US8067122B2 (en) | 2011-11-29 |
US20090092883A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
JPWO2007123136A1 (ja) | 2009-09-03 |
CN101427410B (zh) | 2011-06-01 |
CN101427410A (zh) | 2009-05-06 |
WO2007123136A1 (ja) | 2007-11-01 |
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