JP5189981B2 - バイオマスの処理方法、燃料電池用燃料、ガソリン、ディーゼル燃料、液化石油ガス及び合成樹脂 - Google Patents
バイオマスの処理方法、燃料電池用燃料、ガソリン、ディーゼル燃料、液化石油ガス及び合成樹脂 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5189981B2 JP5189981B2 JP2008529845A JP2008529845A JP5189981B2 JP 5189981 B2 JP5189981 B2 JP 5189981B2 JP 2008529845 A JP2008529845 A JP 2008529845A JP 2008529845 A JP2008529845 A JP 2008529845A JP 5189981 B2 JP5189981 B2 JP 5189981B2
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Classifications
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- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/14—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
- C10G11/18—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/02—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G11/04—Oxides
- C10G11/05—Crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/14—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
- C10G11/18—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
- C10G11/182—Regeneration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
- C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G3/48—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used further characterised by the catalyst support
- C10G3/49—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used further characterised by the catalyst support containing crystalline aluminosilicates, e.g. molecular sieves
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/54—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids characterised by the catalytic bed
- C10G3/55—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids characterised by the catalytic bed with moving solid particles, e.g. moving beds
- C10G3/57—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids characterised by the catalytic bed with moving solid particles, e.g. moving beds according to the fluidised bed technique
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/62—Catalyst regeneration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
- C10L1/06—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
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- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
- C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
- H01M8/0631—Reactor construction specially adapted for combination reactor/fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
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- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0643—Gasification of solid fuel
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
- C10G2300/1014—Biomass of vegetal origin
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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- C10G2300/1018—Biomass of animal origin
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Description
本発明は、上記従来技術の有する課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、流動接触分解装置においてバイオマスを効率よく且つ安定的に処理することが可能なバイオマスの処理方法を提供することにある。また、本発明の他の目的は、かかるバイオマスの処理方法により得られる燃料電池用燃料、ガソリン、ディーゼル燃料、液化石油ガス及び合成樹脂原料を提供することにある。
(デルタコーク)=(再生処理前の触媒へのコーク付着量(質量%))−(再生処理後の触媒上のコーク残存量(質量%))
40%の硫酸3370g中にJIS3号水ガラスの希釈溶液(SiO2濃度=11.6%)21550gを滴下し、pH3.0のシリカゾルを得た。このシリカゾル全量に超安定Y型ゼオライト(東ソー(株)製:HSZ−370HUA)3000gとカオリン4000gを加えて混練し、250℃の熱風で噴霧乾燥した。こうして得られた噴霧乾燥品を50℃、0.2%硫酸アンモニウムで洗浄した後、110℃のオーブン中で乾燥し、さらに600℃で焼成して触媒を得た。この触媒中の超安定Y型ゼオライトの含有量は30質量%であり、Si/Alの原子比は10、結晶格子定数は29.33、結晶化度は97%であった。また、触媒粒子のかさ密度は0.7g/ml、平均粒径は71μm、BET比表面積は180m2/g、細孔容積は0.12ml/gであった。また、活性マトリックスとしてシリカアルミナを使用した。
実施例1と同様にして触媒を調製し、この触媒と、市販されているオクタン価向上用添加剤(GRACE Davison社製:Olefinsmax)をインベントリー(触媒と添加剤の総量)の20%となるように併用して用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、原料油Aの接触分解反応を行った。原料油から分解生成物への転化率、分解生成物の収率、デルタコーク、並びに得られたガソリンのリサーチ法オクタン価を表2に示す。
原料油Aの代わりに中東系脱硫VGO(以下、「原料油B」という。)を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして接触分解反応を行った。原料油Bの性状を表1に、原料油から分解生成物への転化率、分解生成物の収率、デルタコーク、並びに得られたガソリンのリサーチ法オクタン価を表2に、それぞれ示す。
原料油Aの代わりに原料油Bを用いたこと以外は実施例2と同様にして接触分解反応を行った。原料油から分解生成物への転化率、分解生成物の収率、デルタコーク、並びに得られたガソリンのリサーチ法オクタン価を表2に示す。
触媒/原料油比を5.5、反応帯域出口温度を500℃、接触時間を2秒に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして原料油Aの接触分解反応を行った。原料油から分解生成物への転化率、分解生成物の収率、デルタコーク、並びに得られたガソリンのリサーチ法オクタン価を表2に示す。
Claims (9)
- 反応帯域、分離帯域、ストリッピング帯域及び再生帯域を有する流動接触分解装置を用いて接触分解によりバイオマスを処理する方法であって、
前記反応帯域において、バイオマスを含有する原料油を、超安定Y型ゼオライトを10〜50質量%含有する触媒を用いて、前記反応帯域の出口温度が580〜680℃、触媒/油比が10〜40wt/wt、反応圧力が1〜3kg/cm2G、反応帯域における前記原料油と前記触媒との接触時間が0.1〜1.0秒の条件下で処理する第1工程と、
前記再生帯域において、前記第1工程に供された前記触媒を、再生帯域温度が640〜720℃、再生帯域圧力が1〜3kg/cm2G、再生帯域出口における排ガス中の酸素濃度が0〜3mol%の条件下で処理する第2工程と
を備え、前記バイオマスは、動植物油に由来する、酸素分が0.1〜13質量%であり且つ沸点が230℃以上である油脂成分を含有することを特徴とするバイオマスの処理方法。 - 前記反応帯域として、ダウンフロー反応器を用いることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のバイオマスの処理方法。
- 前記触媒上のデルタコークが0.2〜1.5質量%であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載のバイオマスの処理方法。
- 前記流動接触分解装置において、前記再生帯域の触媒濃厚相の温度と前記反応帯域の出口温度との差が150℃以内であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のバイオマスの処理方法。
- 前記第1の工程において、前記原料油の2〜8質量%にあたるスチームを用いて、前記原料油を前記反応帯域内に噴霧することを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のバイオマスの処理方法。
- 前記触媒において、前記超安定Y型ゼオライトのSi/Al比が原子比で3〜20であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のバイオマスの処理方法。
- 前記触媒において、超安定Y型ゼオライトの結晶格子定数が24.35Å以下であり、結晶化度が90%以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のバイオマスの処理方法。
- 前記触媒において、前記超安定Y型ゼオライトのイオン交換サイトに希土類金属が導入されていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のバイオマスの処理方法。
- 前記触媒が活性マトリックスとしてシリカアルミナを更に含有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載のバイオマスの処理方法。
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EP2053115A4 (en) | 2015-01-07 |
CN101506332A (zh) | 2009-08-12 |
US20110113675A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
US8476479B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 |
CN101506332B (zh) | 2012-10-24 |
WO2008020551A1 (en) | 2008-02-21 |
JPWO2008020551A1 (ja) | 2010-01-07 |
EP2053115A1 (en) | 2009-04-29 |
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