JP5096913B2 - Sns−595、及びその使用方法 - Google Patents
Sns−595、及びその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5096913B2 JP5096913B2 JP2007503972A JP2007503972A JP5096913B2 JP 5096913 B2 JP5096913 B2 JP 5096913B2 JP 2007503972 A JP2007503972 A JP 2007503972A JP 2007503972 A JP2007503972 A JP 2007503972A JP 5096913 B2 JP5096913 B2 JP 5096913B2
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Description
増殖細胞は、細胞周期の4つの段階―G1、S、G2、及びM―を経る。これらの段階は、まず細胞分裂を観察することによって同定され、細胞は、細胞周期の合成、又はS期として知られるようになったDNA合成、及び細胞周期の有糸、又はM期、又はS期として知られる有糸分裂を介して発達した。DNA合成の完了から有糸分裂までの間、及び有糸分裂から次のDNA合成の周期までの間に観察された間期は、それぞれG1期、及びG2期として知られるようになった。適切な条件下において増殖能力を保持する非増殖型の細胞は、静止期、すなわちG0期にあり、及び細胞周期から逸脱しているものとして典型的に特徴付けられる。
SNS−595は、細胞周期阻害剤であり、G2期において細胞を停止させる。始めは、SNS−595の活性は、トポイソメラーゼIIの阻害によるものと考えられていた。SNS−595は、約5μMのIC50を有するトポイソメラーゼIIの触媒阻害剤であり(開裂可能な複合体の形成を伴わずに、スーパーコイル状DNAの分離、又は弛緩を防ぐ)、量依存的な相互関係を、そのトポイソメラーゼII活性と、その細胞への効果との間に確立することができなかった。例えば、様々な細胞内のEC50は、200nM〜300nMの範囲であり、効力増大において、トポイソメラーゼIIの生化学的阻害かとは、少なくとも約10倍異なる。さらに、細胞におけるトポイソメラーゼIIのレベルが2−デオキシグルコース(該酵素の分解を導く)の使用によって調節された場合、2−デオキシグルコース処理細胞と未処理細胞との間で、本質的に活性に何の違いも見られなかった。
最初の特徴づけとは反対に、SNS−595は、やがてアポトーシス細胞死を導くDNA−PK経路の活性化を仲介する。とりわけ、これらの出来事がS期に特有であるということは、細胞周期のS期の間のみに起こることを特異的に意味している。
図2が例示する通り、SNS−595の投与量に応じて、二重鎖切断の形成が、DNA−PKの媒介する修復、及び以下を含むがそれらに限定されないアポトーシス細胞の働き:i)DNA−PK発現;ii)H2AXリン酸化;iii)c−Ablリン酸化;iv)p53リン酸化;v)p73リン酸化;vi)p21発現;vii)カスパーゼ−9活性化;及びviii)カスパーゼ−3活性化、を活性化する。非相同的末端結合(NHEJ)を介して二重鎖切断を修復することができないほど、DNA損傷が十分に深刻な場合、該細胞は速やかにアポトーシスに入る。いくつかの細胞は、G2期に達することができるが、M期に入るには該細胞はあまりに損傷がひどいため、その次に停止され(cdc2/サイクリンBによって仲介され)、やがてまたアポトーシスとなる。特に、SNS−595はS期選択的なので、SNS−595の量は、増殖細胞に細胞毒性であり(それゆえ、S期を含む細胞周期を介して進行する)、非増殖細胞にとって非致死的である。
該方法は、治療すべきガンの細胞中のDNA−PK経路の少なくとも1つの構成タンパク質の始めの量を決定すること、及び始めの量と2回目の量とを比較することを含む。
BSA(m2)=[高さ(cm)×重さ(kg)/3600]の平方根
DNA−PK経路の構成タンパク質の前処理量が、対照量よりも多ければ、単一剤としてのSNS−595は十分ではあり得ないだろうし、SNS−595を含んだ組み合わせ治療を検討すべきである。
本発明の別の態様として、SNS−595の機構を利用して、SNS−595の治療可能性を最大化させる組み合わせを提供する。ある実施態様において、組み合わせは以下のa、及びbを含んで提供する:
a)治療的有効量のSNS−595;
b)治療的有効量の、DNA合成阻害効果のある2番目の薬剤。
抗腫瘍性抗生物質は、一般的に非相特異的な抗ガン剤であり、DNAに結合、又は間に挿入される。典型的に、そのような作用は安定なDNA複合体、又は鎖の切断をもたらす。抗生物質抗ガン剤の例は、ブレオマイシン、ダクチノマイシン、ダウノルビシン、及びドキソルビシンを含むが、それらに限定されない。
すべての引用文献は、引用によって本明細書中に組み込まれる。
(注射、又は静脈内注入に適した医薬組成物)
酸性組成物(<pH4)が、SNS−595の可溶性を適切なバランスで増加させ、好ましい医薬特性を与えた(例えば、輸送部位における刺激を少なくすることによって、患者の快適性を増加させる)。適切な組成物の実例は、メタンスルホン酸を用いてpHを2.5に調製した、4.5%ソルビトール溶液の水溶液1mLに対して10mgのSNS−595を含む。そのような100mg/10mLの濃度の溶液を作る一つの手順は:100mgのSNS−595、及び450mgのD−ソルビトールを蒸留水に加え;該体積を10mLの容量に合わせ;出来た溶液のpHを、メタンスルホン酸を用いて2.5に調製することを含む。出来た組成物は、凍結乾燥にも適している。凍結乾燥された形態は、使用に先立って、蒸留水を用いてその後適切な濃度にまでもどされる。
(ガン患者におけるSNS−595の薬物動態)
SNS−595を、最高6回周期まで被験患者へ投与した。1周期を3週間として定義し、各周期の最初の日(0日)にSNS−595を投与して、その後少なくとも21日間観察した。SNS−595を少なくとも3名の患者の集団に投与し、また投与量の段階的増加を順次集団ごとに行った。SNS−595の用量は、濃度曲線下面積が無限大の直線であり、その薬物動態特性は、同集団内の患者間で著しく一致していた。表1は、患者の経時的なSNS−595の血漿濃度から算出した薬物動態パラメータを示している。
(薬力学研究)
Nu/nuマウス(約25グラム)に、50%マトリゲル(Becton-Dickinson)と共に、500万個のHCTI細胞(ATCCから獲得された)をわき腹に注入した。腫瘍は、400mm3までの成長が許された。異種移植片を有した動物に、それから尾の静脈にSNS−595(20、又は40mg/kg)のIVボーラス注入、又は生理食塩水のどちらかを与えた。所定の時間(投与から1、2、4、8、16、及び24時間後)において、動物をCO2で麻酔し、血液を末端心臓穿刺を介して摂取し、動物は犠牲になった。腫瘍を切除し、液体窒素で冷却した乳鉢、及び乳棒を用いて粉々にし、液体窒素中で急速冷凍した。腫瘍溶解物を、溶解バッファーの添加によって、粉々にされたサンプルから作成した。
図3は、SNS−595で治療する腫瘍において活性化されたDNA−PK経路の典型的な構成タンパク質のレベルを示している。
(SNS−595を用いた組み合わせ研究)
HCT116細胞を、100μl/ウェルのRPMI−1640培地(10%ウシ胎児仔血清、1%抗生物質/抗カビ剤、及び1.5%重炭酸ナトリウムを与えられている)と共に、透明な96ウェルプレートに約4e5細胞/ウェルの密度で植え、5%CO2、37℃で24時間培養処理した。SNS−595を、単独、または一定の割合で別の細胞毒性化合物と混合して、終濃度が5μM〜5nMの間になるように加えた。DMSOの終濃度は、アッセイプレートにおいて1%であった。処理された細胞を、20μl/ウェルの3−[4,5−ジメチルチアゾール−2−イル]−2,5−ジフェニルテトラゾリウム臭化物(MTT)を1時間加える前に、5%CO2、37℃で72時間インキュベートされ、続いて100μl/ウェルのn,n−ジメチルフォルムアミド/SDS溶解バッファーに、少なくとも16時間インキュベートした。該プレートの吸光度は595nmの波長で読まれる。該データはコンビネーションインデックス(線量効果解析のソフトウエア、Calcusyn V2(Biosoft)を用いて計算された)を用いた相互作用を定量化する半有効法を用いて詳しく調べる。コンビネーションインデックスが、0.90〜1.10である場合、組み合わせは、加算的であると言われる。コンビネーションインデックスが0.90未満である場合、組み合わせは、相乗的であると言われ、コンビネーションインデックスが1.10以上の場合、組み合わせが、対立的であると言われる。全てのコンビネーションインデックスが0.5のFa値であった時、細胞の50%は死んでいた。表2を参照されたい。
HCT−116結腸ガン細胞を、5%CO2、100μl/ウェルのRPMI−1640培地(10%ウシ胎児仔血清、1%抗生物質/抗カビ剤、及び1.5%重炭酸ナトリウムを与えられている)と共に、透明な96ウェルプレートに約4e5細胞/ウェルの密度で植え、37℃で24時間培養処理した。いくつかの細胞は、100nMのウォートマンニンで、8〜16時間処理した。SNS−595をそれから連続希釈法として加え、細胞は、5%CO2、37℃で72時間、インキュベートされた。MTT(5mg/mlストック溶液の、20μl/ウェル)を1時間加え、次に少なくとも16時間、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド/SDS溶解バッファーを加えた。吸光度を595nmで監視し、データを非線形回帰によって適合し、ウォートマンニンの存在、及び非存在下において、SNS−595による細胞の成長(IC50)の阻害を決定する。HCT−116細胞中のSNS−595のためのIC50は、ウォートマンニン非存在下よりも、存在下において、3〜6倍低かった。同様な結果は、HCT−116細胞の代わりにDNA−PK欠失細胞株(約10倍の感作)を使用した場合に見られた。
Claims (4)
- ガンの治療用医薬組成物であって、a)治療的有効量の(+)−1,4−ジヒドロ−7−[(3S,4S)−3−メトキシ−4−(メチルアミノ)−1−ピロリジニル]−4−オキソ−1−(2−チアゾリル)−1,8−ナフチリジン−3−カルボン酸、及びb)エトポシド、ダウノマイシン、5-FU、シタラビン、メトトレキサート、シスプラチン、カルボプラチン、マイトマイシンC、アクチノマイシンD、ゲルダナマイシン、及びウォートマンニンから選択される治療的有効量の薬剤を含む、前記医薬組成物。
- 前記薬剤が、シタラビンである、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- ガンの治療用医薬の製造のための、エトポシド、ダウノマイシン、5-FU、シタラビン、メトトレキサート、シスプラチン、カルボプラチン、マイトマイシンC、アクチノマイシンD、ゲルダナマイシン、及びウォートマンニンから選択される薬剤と組み合わせての(+)−1,4−ジヒドロ−7−[(3S,4S)−3−メトキシ−4−(メチルアミノ)−1−ピロリジニル]−4−オキソ−1−(2−チアゾリル)−1,8−ナフチリジン−3−カルボン酸の使用。
- 前記薬剤が、シタラビンである、請求項3記載の使用。
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JP2007503972A Expired - Fee Related JP5096913B2 (ja) | 2004-03-15 | 2005-03-14 | Sns−595、及びその使用方法 |
JP2011135675A Pending JP2011225590A (ja) | 2004-03-15 | 2011-06-17 | Sns−595、及びその使用方法 |
JP2012036919A Pending JP2012140442A (ja) | 2004-03-15 | 2012-02-23 | Sns−595、及びその使用方法 |
JP2014091125A Expired - Fee Related JP5856644B2 (ja) | 2004-03-15 | 2014-04-25 | Sns−595、及びその使用方法 |
JP2014180862A Expired - Fee Related JP6261477B2 (ja) | 2004-03-15 | 2014-09-05 | Sns−595、及びその使用方法 |
JP2015140309A Expired - Fee Related JP6352863B2 (ja) | 2004-03-15 | 2015-07-14 | Sns−595、及びその使用方法 |
JP2016248041A Pending JP2017095471A (ja) | 2004-03-15 | 2016-12-21 | Sns−595、及びその使用方法 |
JP2018038834A Pending JP2018119977A (ja) | 2004-03-15 | 2018-03-05 | Sns−595、及びその使用方法 |
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CN (5) | CN103251589B (ja) |
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