JP5043427B2 - バルク凝固アモルファス合金製の電流集電板 - Google Patents
バルク凝固アモルファス合金製の電流集電板 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5043427B2 JP5043427B2 JP2006507442A JP2006507442A JP5043427B2 JP 5043427 B2 JP5043427 B2 JP 5043427B2 JP 2006507442 A JP2006507442 A JP 2006507442A JP 2006507442 A JP2006507442 A JP 2006507442A JP 5043427 B2 JP5043427 B2 JP 5043427B2
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- 229910000808 amorphous metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 42
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 51
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 51
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002925 chemical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011530 conductive current collector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
- H01M8/0208—Alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
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- C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
- C22C45/10—Amorphous alloys with molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, tantalum, titanium, or zirconium or Hf as the major constituent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M8/021—Alloys based on iron
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- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
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- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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Description
集電板は他の変形例がある。例えば、カソードまたはアノードとして作用する電流集電体が一枚の板でありうる。他の例は、カソードまたはアノードとして作用する電流集電体とセパレーターが一枚の板でありうる。端的にいえば、そのような板が本発明でいう集電板であり、電流移送器(current transferor)、セパレーター、カソード、アノード、端板、或いはそれらを組み合わせたものである。
通常の金属や合金も燃料電池に使用されてきたが、どれも重大な欠陥がある。例えば、必要とする詳細な表面のフィーチャーを製作するために通常の機械加工した合金を使用すると、極めて高価になることが判っている。さらに、低価格の通常の合金は、耐食層を被覆して腐食問題を一次的に解決しているが、そのような被覆は、燃料電池構造を長期間安定させるのに満足のいく解決とならない。
従って、集電板用の優れた材料およびそのような材料から製造された集電板が求められている。
〔図面の簡単な説明〕
図1aは、本発明の集電板の実施例の概要図である。
図1bは、本発明の集電板の他の実施例の概要図である。
図2は、本発明の集電板の製造方法の実施例のフローチャートである。
本発明は、バルク凝固アモルファス合金から製造された集電板を志向するものであり、このバルク凝固アモルファス合金は、頑丈さと、軽量構造と、化学的および環境的な影響に対する優れた抵抗性と、そして低コストの製造性を備えている。
本発明の他の目的は、そのようなバルク凝固アモルファス合金から集電板を製造する方法である。
従って、これらは、典型的には厚さ0.020mmまでに限定され、105K/sec以上の冷却速度が必要である通常のアモルファス合金よりも実質的に厚い、1.0mm以上の厚さに製造される。
米国特許第5,288,344号、第5,368,659号、第5,618,359号、および第5,735,975号は、このようなバルク凝固アモルファス合金を開示しており、その開示はそれら全体を参照することによってここに取り込まれる。
好ましい合金群は、(Zr,Ti)a(Ni,Cu)b(Be)cで表される。ただし、原子パーセントで、aは40〜75、bは5〜50,cは5〜50の範囲である。さらに好ましい組成は、(Zr,Ti)a(Ni,Cu)b(Be)cであり、原子パーセントで、aは45〜65、bは7.5〜35,cは10〜37.5の範囲である。
他の好ましい合金群は、(Zr)a(Nb,Ti)b(Ni,Cu)c(Al)dであり、原子パーセントで、aは45〜65、bは0〜10,cは20〜40、dは7.5〜15の範囲である。
複雑なパターンを持つことによって、所望の流量、圧力損失、滞留時間を容易に達成することができる。バルクアモルファス合金が高強度、高弾性歪み限界及び高表面仕上げを有することで、金属製を含め種々のガスケットを使用して比較的高い完全なシールを備えた集電板を迅速に製造することが可能となる。
1)実質的にアモルファスであり、約1.5%以上の弾性歪み限界と30℃以上のΔTを有するアモルファス合金の薄板原料を準備する工程;
2)この原料をガラス転位温度の近傍に加熱する工程;
3)加熱したこの原料を所望の形状に成形する工程;
4)この成形した薄板をガラス転位温度よりかなり低い温度に冷却する工程;
但し、ΔTは、代表的な冷却速度(例えば、20℃/分)で標準DSC測定(示差走査熱量測定)から決定された結晶化開始温度Txとガラス転位開始温度Tgとの差で与えられる。
1)アモルファス合金(必ずしもアモルファスではない)の均質な合金原料を準備する工程;
2)原料を溶融温度を超える鋳造温度に加熱する工程;
3)この溶融合金を形状成形鋳型に導入する工程;
4)この溶融合金をガラス転位未満の温度に急冷する工程。
Claims (15)
- カソード集電面及びアノード集電面を有する導電体を備えた集電板であって、
前記集電板の各集電面が機能表面を有し、
前記機能表面のそれぞれは、その上に形成された複数の機能表面のフィーチャーを含み、前記機能表面のフィーチャーは、前記機能表面の少なくとも50%を覆っており、かつ前記カソード集電面及び前記アノード集電面の間で反応物質を移送する少なくとも1つの流路を含み、前記機能表面のフィーチャーは、1.0mm未満の大きさの寸法を有し、前記集電板の前記機能表面は、1.0mm未満の横断面と厚さとを有し、前記集電板の前記機能表面は、少なくとも1.5%の弾性ひずみ限界を有する等方性バルク凝固アモルファス合金で全体が構成されていることを特徴とする集電板。 - さらに、前記カソード集電面と前記アノード集電面との間に多数の熱交換路を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の集電板。
- 前記集電板の前記機能表面のフィーチャーが、深さ/幅のアスペクト比0.1〜5を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の集電板。
- 前記機能表面が前記集電板の全板面積の80%を超えていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の集電板。
- 前記少なくとも1つの流路の幅が、100μm以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の集電板。
- 前記バルク凝固アモルファス合金が、1.8%以上の弾性ひずみ限界を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の集電板。
- 前記バルク凝固アモルファス合金が、分子式:(Zr,Ti)a(Ni,Cu,Fe)b(Be,Al,Si,B)cで表され、ここで、原子パーセントで、aは30〜75、bは5〜60、cは0〜50の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の集電板。
- 前記バルク凝固アモルファス合金が、分子式:(Zr,Ti)a(Ni,Cu)b(Be)cで表され、ここで、原子パーセントで、aは40〜75、bは5〜50、cは5〜50の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の集電板。
- 前記バルク凝固アモルファス合金が、少なくとも695MPa−mm0.5の高い破壊靱性を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の集電板。
- 前記バルク凝固アモルファス合金が、60℃またはそれ以上のΔTを有し、ΔTは、結晶化開始温度Txとガラス転位開始温度Tgとの差で与えられることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の集電板。
- 前記バルク凝固アモルファス合金は、少なくとも大部分が鉄であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の集電板。
- 燃料電池であって、
前記燃料電池は、カソード集電面及びアノード集電面を有する導電体を有し、前記導電体の各集電面が機能表面を有し、前記機能表面のそれぞれは、その上に形成された複数の機能表面のフィーチャーを含み、前記機能表面のフィーチャーは、前記機能表面の少なくとも50%を覆っており、かつ前記カソード集電面及び前記アノード集電面の間で反応物質を移送する少なくとも1つの流路を含み、前記機能表面のフィーチャーは、1.0mm未満の大きさの寸法を有し、前記集電板の前記機能表面は、1.0mm未満の横断面と厚さとを有し、前記集電板の前記機能表面は、少なくとも1.5%の弾性ひずみ限界を有する等方性バルク凝固アモルファス合金で全体が構成されており、
前記燃料電池は、前記導電体の前記カソード集電面に隣接して配置されたカソードと、前記導電体の前記アノード集電面に隣接して配置されたアノードと、を有することを特徴とする燃料電池。 - 前記集電板が、前記アノードと前記カソードとの間での液体やガス状物質の漏れを防止するために前記燃料電池内にシールを形成することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記燃料電池が、さらに隣接する燃料電池ユニットのカソードとアノードの間に境界面を備え、前記境界面が複数の熱交換路を有することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記バルク凝固アモルファス合金は、500K/秒以下の冷却速度で形成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の集電板。
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2004
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WO2014196820A1 (ko) * | 2013-06-07 | 2014-12-11 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Zr기 비정질 합금조성물 |
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US7862957B2 (en) | 2011-01-04 |
US8445161B2 (en) | 2013-05-21 |
JP5639003B2 (ja) | 2014-12-10 |
WO2004083472A3 (en) | 2004-10-28 |
JP2006524896A (ja) | 2006-11-02 |
US8927176B2 (en) | 2015-01-06 |
US20070003812A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
JP2011228304A (ja) | 2011-11-10 |
US8431288B2 (en) | 2013-04-30 |
WO2004083472A2 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
US20130280631A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
US20110136045A1 (en) | 2011-06-09 |
US20120171591A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
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